Essential Radiology Review: A Question and Answer Guide

Description

The book is an on-the-spot reference for residents and medical students seeking diagnostic radiology fast facts. Its question-and-answer format makes it a perfect quick-reference for personal review and studying for board examinations and re-certification. Readers can read the text from cover to cover to gain a general foundation of knowledge that can be built upon through practice or can use choice chapters to review a specific subspecialty before starting a new rotation or joining a new service. With hundreds of high-yield questions and answer items, this resource addresses both general and subspecialty topics and provides accurate, on-the-spot answers. Sections are organized by subspecialty and body area, including chest, abdomen, and trauma, and chapters cover the anatomy, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, hallmark signs, and image features of major diseases and conditions. Key example images and illustrations enhance the text throughout and provide an ideal, pocket-sized resource for residents and medical students. Front Matter ....Pages i-xxiii Front Matter ....Pages 1-1 Radiography (Matthew Czar Taon)....Pages 3-5 Computed Tomography (Matthew Czar Taon)....Pages 7-10 Ultrasonography (Matthew Czar Taon)....Pages 11-14 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Matthew Czar Taon)....Pages 15-17 Fluoroscopy (Matthew Czar Taon)....Pages 19-21 Nuclear Medicine (Matthew Czar Taon)....Pages 23-26 Front Matter ....Pages 27-27 Technical Adequacy of Chest X-Ray (Gaurav Rana)....Pages 29-31 Frontal Radiograph (Mehdi Taghipour)....Pages 33-36 Normal Pulmonary Vasculature (Gaurav Rana)....Pages 37-40 Lateral Radiograph (Mehdi Taghipour)....Pages 41-43 Normal CT Anatomy of the Chest (Mehdi Taghipour)....Pages 45-48 Normal CT Anatomy of the Lungs (Gaurav Rana)....Pages 49-52 The Fissures (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 53-55 Classifying Parenchymal Lung Disease (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 57-59 Characteristics of Airspace Disease (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 61-63 Some Causes of Airspace Disease (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 65-69 Characteristics of Interstitial Lung Disease (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 71-74 Some Causes of Interstitial Lung Disease (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 75-79 Atelectasis of the Entire Lung (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 81-84 Massive Pleural Effusion (Matthew Pouw)....Pages 85-87 Pneumonia of an Entire Lung (Matthew Pouw)....Pages 89-90 Post-pneumonectomy (Matthew Pouw)....Pages 91-93 What Is Atelectasis? (Brian Joo)....Pages 95-95 Types of Atelectasis (Brian Joo)....Pages 97-98 Patterns of Collapse in Lobar Atelectasis (Brian Joo)....Pages 99-100 Normal Anatomy and Physiology of the Pleural Space (Brian Joo)....Pages 101-102 Causes of Pleural Effusions (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 103-106 Types of Pleural Effusions (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 107-110 Side-Specificity of Pleural Effusions (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 111-112 General Characteristics of Pneumonia (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 113-115 Patterns of Pneumonia (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 117-120 Lobar Pneumonia (Rei Mitsuyama)....Pages 121-122 Interstitial Pneumonia (Rei Mitsuyama)....Pages 123-124 Round Pneumonia (Rei Mitsuyama)....Pages 125-126 Cavitary Pneumonia (Rei Mitsuyama)....Pages 127-128 Aspiration (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 129-132 Localizing Pneumonia (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 133-135 Pneumothorax (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 137-140 Pneumomediastinum (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Hall)....Pages 141-143 Pneumopericardium (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 145-146 Subcutaneous Emphysema (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 147-149 Endotracheal and Tracheostomy Tubes (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 151-154 Intravascular Catheters (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 155-158 Cardiac Devices: Pacemaker, AICD, and IABP (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 159-162 GI Tubes and Lines: Nasogastric Tubes, Feeding Tubes (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 163-165 Esophagus (Lauren Park)....Pages 167-168 Mediastinal Masses (Lauren Park)....Pages 169-170 Anterior Mediastinum (Lauren Park)....Pages 171-172 Middle Mediastinal Masses (Lauren Park)....Pages 173-174 Posterior Mediastinal Masses (Lauren Park)....Pages 175-177 Solitary Nodule/Mass in the Lung (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 179-181 Bronchogenic Carcinoma (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 183-186 Metastatic Neoplasms in the Lung (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 187-189 Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 191-194 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 195-198 Bullae, Cysts, and Cavities (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 199-202 Bronchiectasis (Alexander Croake, Mary Frances Croake)....Pages 203-205 Normal Cardiac CT Anatomy (Rajat Chand)....Pages 207-209 Uses of Cardiac CT (Rajat Chand)....Pages 211-214 Cardiac MRI (Josi Herren)....Pages 215-217 Enlarged Cardiac Silhouette (Josi Herren)....Pages 219-221 Pericardial Effusion (Josi Herren)....Pages 223-224 Extra-cardiac Causes of Apparent Cardiac Enlargement (Josi Herren)....Pages 225-226 Identifying Cardiac Enlargement on an AP Chest Radiograph (Josi Herren)....Pages 227-228 Cardiomegaly on the Lateral Chest Radiograph (Youngmin Chu)....Pages 229-231 Non-cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (Youngmin Chu)....Pages 233-236 Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease (Youngmin Chu)....Pages 237-240 Mitral Stenosis (Youngmin Chu)....Pages 241-244 Pulmonary Artery Hypertension (Youngmin Chu)....Pages 245-248 Aortic Stenosis (Rajat Chand)....Pages 249-250 Cardiomyopathy (Rajat Chand)....Pages 251-254 Aortic Aneurysms: General Considerations (Rajat Chand)....Pages 255-256 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (Rajat Chand)....Pages 257-258 Aortic Dissection (Rajat Chand)....Pages 259-261 Coronary Artery Disease (Rajat Chand)....Pages 263-265 Front Matter ....Pages 267-267 Normal Bowel Gas Pattern (Efaza Siddiqui)....Pages 269-270 Normal Fluid Levels (Efaza Siddiqui)....Pages 271-272 Differentiating Large from Small Bowel (Efaza Siddiqui)....Pages 273-274 Acute Abdominal Series: The Views and What They Show (Efaza Siddiqui)....Pages 275-276 Calcifications (Efaza Siddiqui)....Pages 277-278 Organomegaly (Sarah Maria Bahouth)....Pages 279-280 Abdominal CT: General Considerations (Sarah Maria Bahouth)....Pages 281-282 Abnormal Gas Patterns (Sarah Maria Bahouth)....Pages 283-284 Functional Ileus: Localized Sentinel and Generalized Adynamic Ileus (Sarah Maria Bahouth)....Pages 285-286 Mechanical Obstruction: Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO) (Sarah Maria Bahouth)....Pages 287-288 Mechanical Obstruction: Large Bowel Obstruction (LBO) (Sarah Maria Bahouth)....Pages 289-290 Colonic Volvulus (Sarah Maria Bahouth)....Pages 291-292 Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction (Ogilvie Syndrome) (Sarah Maria Bahouth)....Pages 293-294 Signs of Free Peritoneal Air (Sarah Maria Bahouth)....Pages 295-296 Visualization of Both Sides of the Bowel Wall (Zachary Hartley-Blossom)....Pages 297-298 Visualization of the Falciform Ligament (Zachary Hartley-Blossom)....Pages 299-300 Causes of Free Air (Rose Miller)....Pages 301-302 Signs of Extraperitoneal Air (Rose Miller)....Pages 303-304 Causes of Extraperitoneal Air (Rose Miller)....Pages 305-306 Signs of Air in Bowel Wall (Joseph Wes Albright)....Pages 307-308 Causes and Significance of Air in Bowel Wall (Joseph Wes Albright)....Pages 309-310 Signs of Air in the Biliary System (Joseph Wes Albright)....Pages 311-312 Causes of Air in the Biliary System (Joseph Wes Albright)....Pages 313-314 Stomach and Duodenum: Normal Anatomy (Joseph Wes Albright)....Pages 315-316 Duodenal Ulcer (Gina Landinez)....Pages 317-318 Small Bowel: Normal Anatomy (Gina Landinez)....Pages 319-320 Large Bowel: Normal Anatomy (Gina Landinez)....Pages 321-322 Pancreas: Normal Anatomy (Gina Landinez)....Pages 323-324 Hepatobiliary Abnormalities (Gina Landinez)....Pages 325-326 Space-Occupying Lesions of the Liver (Matthew Pouw)....Pages 327-329 Biliary System: Normal Anatomy (Matthew Pouw)....Pages 331-332 Urinary Tract: Normal Anatomy (Matthew Pouw)....Pages 333-335 Pelvis: Normal Anatomy (Matthew Pouw)....Pages 337-340 Urinary Bladder: Normal Anatomy (Matthew Pouw)....Pages 341-342 Abdominal Adenopathy (Matthew Pouw)....Pages 343-344 Front Matter ....Pages 345-345 Chest Trauma (Rajat Chand)....Pages 347-348 Rib Fractures (Rajat Chand)....Pages 349-350 Pulmonary Contusions (Rajat Chand)....Pages 351-352 Pulmonary Lacerations (Rajat Chand)....Pages 353-354 Aortic Trauma (Rajat Chand)....Pages 355-356 Abdominal Trauma (Rajat Chand)....Pages 357-361 Pelvic Trauma (Rajat Chand)....Pages 363-364 Front Matter ....Pages 365-365 Abnormalities of Bone Density (Justin Guan)....Pages 367-368 Normal Bone Anatomy (Justin Guan)....Pages 369-371 The Effect of Bone Physiology on Bone Anatomy (Justin Guan)....Pages 373-375 Generalized Increase in Bone Density (Justin Guan)....Pages 377-378 Focal Increase in Bone Density (Justin Guan)....Pages 379-381 Generalized Decrease in Bone Density (Justin Guan)....Pages 383-385 Focal Decrease in Bone Density (Justin Guan)....Pages 387-389 Pathologic Fractures (Jeffrey H. Weinreb, Ryan D. Scully)....Pages 391-394 Acute Fracture (M. Wesley Honeycutt)....Pages 395-398 Dislocations and Subluxations: Lower Extremity (Grace Blaylock, Seth Stake, Ryan D. Scully)....Pages 399-407 How Fractures Are Described: By the Number of Fracture Fragments (Anna Johnson)....Pages 409-412 How Fractures Are Described: By the Direction of the Fracture Line (Anna Johnson)....Pages 413-416 How Fractures Are Described: By the Relationship of One Fracture Fragment to Another (M. Wesley Honeycutt)....Pages 417-420 Avulsion Fractures (Bryan E. Wessel, David P. Duncan)....Pages 421-425 Stress Fractures (Bryan E. Wessel, David P. Duncan)....Pages 427-429 Common Fracture Eponyms (Bryan E. Wessel, David P. Duncan)....Pages 431-435 Some Easily Missed Fractures or Dislocations (Bryan E. Wessel, David P. Duncan)....Pages 437-440 Fracture Healing (Bryan E. Wessel, David P. Duncan)....Pages 441-444 Anatomy of a Joint (Shantanu Warhadpande)....Pages 445-446 Classification of Arthritis (Shantanu Warhadpande)....Pages 447-448 Hypertrophic Arthritis (Shantanu Warhadpande)....Pages 449-451 Erosive Arthritis (Shantanu Warhadpande)....Pages 453-456 Infectious Arthritis (Shantanu Warhadpande)....Pages 457-457 Front Matter ....Pages 459-459 The Normal Spine (Rose Miller)....Pages 461-463 Back Pain (Rose Miller)....Pages 465-466 Malignancy Involving the Spine (Rose Miller)....Pages 467-468 MRI in Metastatic Spine Disease (Rose Miller)....Pages 469-470 Spinal Trauma (Rose Miller)....Pages 471-472 Normal Brain Anatomy (Nagamani Peri)....Pages 473-475 MRI and the Brain (Gaurav Jindal)....Pages 477-478 Head Trauma (Gaurav Jindal)....Pages 479-484 Intracranial Hemorrhage (Nagamani Peri)....Pages 485-488 Diffuse Axonal Injury (Gaurav Jindal)....Pages 489-490 Intracranial Pressure (Nagamani Peri)....Pages 491-494 Stroke (Rose Miller)....Pages 495-497 Ruptured Aneurysms (Matthew Czar Taon, Gina Landinez)....Pages 499-502 Hydrocephalus (Matthew Czar Taon, Gina Landinez)....Pages 503-506 Cerebral Atrophy (Matthew Czar Taon, Gina Landinez)....Pages 507-509 Brain Tumors (Rose Miller)....Pages 511-513 Front Matter ....Pages 515-515 Newborn Respiratory Distress (Alexander Croake)....Pages 517-520 Childhood Lung Disease (David Maldow)....Pages 521-525 Soft Tissues of the Neck (Swapnil Patel)....Pages 527-531 Ingested Foreign Bodies (Andrey Rupasov)....Pages 533-536 Front Matter ....Pages 537-537 How Does Ultrasound Work? (Edwin A. Takahashi)....Pages 539-540 Doppler Ultrasonography (Edwin A. Takahashi)....Pages 541-542 How Does Magnetic Resonance Imaging Work? (Edwin A. Takahashi)....Pages 543-544 How to Identify a T1-Weighted Image from a T2-Weighted Image? (Edwin A. Takahashi)....Pages 545-546 MRI Contrast Agents: General Considerations (Edwin A. Takahashi)....Pages 547-548 Back Matter ....Pages 549-580