Philosophical Siblings: Varieties of Playful Experience in Alice, William, and Henry James

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Alice James: an exemplary nineteenth-century neurasthenic and diarist. William James: a foundational figure for American psychology and philosophy. Henry James: a preeminent author and literary critic. These three iconic figures of nineteenth-century American culture and letters were also siblings, children of the storied James family, yet the diarist, the psychologist, and the novelist have seemed to occupy distinct realms of cultural authority and to speak to different audiences (or, in the case of Alice, to no audience at all). Their writings have rarely been considered together. In Philosophical Siblings Jane F. Thrailkill asks what new story is illuminated when we study their writings collectively. By approaching the Jameses as intimate thinkers operating on a common field of play, Thrailkill reveals the siblings' shared project—part psychological, part philosophical—of showing how minds meet in a world teeming with possibilities and risks. Scientists in nineteenth-century psychology labs were studying isolated individuals, tracking eye movements, and timing reactions to better understand the human machine. In contrast, the Jameses' models for discovery were philosophical toys: ludic devices that light up quirks of perception and are devilishly fun as well. With childlike humor, the siblings' intellectual playfulness is both message and medium, manifested in an expressive style that exploits incongruity, delights in absurdities, and sometimes, teasingly, inflicts the sting of critique. Most important, the Jameses' writings model how human beings accomplish high-wire acts of perception and creation. Alice, William, and Henry James did not merely present a new, interactive theory of mind; they dramatized it in their writings as a curiosity-based practice. Philosophical Siblings accepts their invitation to mindful play and offers a fresh way of thinking about literary encounters more generally, one that approaches even the weightiest texts with serious lightness. Cover Philosophical Siblings Title Copyright Dedication CONTENTS Introduction. “Daring to Go Lightly amid the Solemnities” 1. Alice’s Bite: Body-Based Humor in The Diary of Alice James Epistolary Affection and Bodily Travails Humor and the Diary Existential Bruises: Alice James’s Pain and Peirce’s Secondness Laughter: Sounding the Note of the Minor The Cosmic Joke: Consciousness and Dissolution Coda: If You Tell a Joke in a Journal, Does Anybody Laugh? 2. “In the Same Game”: Consciousness and the Child in William James’s Lectures-Turned-Texts Darwin’s Children: Experts in Adaptation, Plasticity, and Cognitive Extension Learning to Doubt (One’s Elders): Louis Agassiz and Herbert Spencer Sensory Psychology and Object-Oriented Pedagogy Talking to Teachers and to Students Philosophy as Play Coda: “I Read Him for Work and for Play” 3. Play Is the Thing: Toying with Vision in Henry James’s Pedagogical Works Playing with Reality: Inflexible Props and Transitional Objects Maisie, Morgan, Miles, and Flora: Flipping the Educational Script The Turn of the Screw and the Philosophical Toy Reading with the Thaumatrope in Mind From Youth to Adulthood in “The Jolly Corner” The Psychology of Cinema Coda: Listening to Alice Conclusion. “Pleasure Under Difficulties” Notes Index Acknowledgments