Recent Advances in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders

Description

Researchers have tried various effective treatments that prevent the progressive neurodegeneration of neurons within the brain. Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Multiple sclerosis (MS) are some of the most common neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Recent Advances in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders provides interesting updates on treatments of these neurological disorders. Ten chapters have been contributed by experts in pharmacology and give a unique perspective to reader on special topics in this area, including the treatment of neurodegenerative treatment of neurodegenerative disease through ayurveda and phytochemicals, the therapeutic role of vitamins in Parkinson’s disease, mushrooms in NDD treatment, MS treatment, ALS treatment and the use of nanoparticles and nano formulations in NDD treatment. This is an informative reference for pharmacologists, medicinal chemists and healthcare professionals (general practitioners and neurologists) seeking updates in the treatment of some common neurodegenerative disorders. Cover Title Copyright End User License Agreement Contents Foreword Preface Acknowledgements List of Contributors An Introduction to Neurodegenerative Diseases and its Treatment Payal Singh1 and Sachchida Nand Rai2,* INTRODUCTION AYURVEDA IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES (NDS) VITAMINS IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES (NDS) GUT-BRAIN AXIS AND ASSOCIATED PRO AND PRE-BIOTICS THERAPY FOR NDS NANOPARTICLES AND NANOFORMULATION BASED THERAPY FOR DIFFERENT NDS CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Recent Advancement in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases by Ayurveda Mridula Chaturvedi and Abhishek Kumar Chaturvedi* INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES (NDDS) The Preamble of Common Neurodegenerative Diseases Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Parkinson's Disease (PD) Huntington’s Disease (HD) Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases Pathway of Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases Common Signs & Symptoms of Neurodegenerative Diseases Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases A RANGE OF TREATMENT FOR THE NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES The Modern System of Medicine Medical Management Surgical Management Emerging Management Ayush or Indian System of Medicine RECENT ADVANCEMENT IN THE AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES Ayurvedic/herbal Medicinal Plants Different Actions of an Extract Derived from Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants Herbo-mineral Drugs Panchkarma (Bio-purification Procedures) Overview of Panchkarma Therapy Studies Conducted in Different Panchkarma Procedures CONCLUDING REMARKS CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Role of Phytochemicals in Neurodegenerative Disorders Shambhoo Sharan Tripathi1,*, Raushan Kumar1, Prabhash Kumar Pandey1, Abhishek Kumar Singh2 and Nidhi Gupta3,4 INTRODUCTION PATHOGENESIS OF NEURODEGENERATION ROLE OF PHYTOCHEMICALS IN NEURODEGENERATION NERUROPROTECTING PHYTOCHEMICALS Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Berberine Curcumin Resveratrol Quercetin Fisetin Ginsenosides Sulforaphane (SFN) Genistein Allium and Allicin Icariin Morin Baicalein CONCLUSIONS FUTURE SUGGESTION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Therapeutic Potential of Vitamins in Parkinson’s Disease Prabhash Kumar Pandey1,2,*, Shambhoo Sharan Tripathi1, Jayant Dewangan2, Ranjan Singh3, Farrukh Jamal4 and Srikanta Kumar Rath2 INTRODUCTION ROLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PD THEATRICAL ROLE OF NEUROINFLAMMATION IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PD NEUROPROTECTIVE ROLES OF VITAMINS IN THE TREATMENT OF PARKINSONISM Neuroprotective Role of Vitamin B in PD Usability of Vitamin C in PD Treatment Role of Vitamin E in the Treatment of Pd Role of Vitamin D as a Neuroprotectant in the Pd Treatment CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Potential of Gut Microbiome in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease Nilofar Khan1 and Ravishankar Patil1,* INTRODUCTION ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: PATHOMECHANISM, PREVALENCE, SYMPTOMS, AND TREATMENT Prevalence of AD Symptoms of AD Causes of AD Treatment Strategies for AD Acetylcholine Esterase (Ache) β Secretase ϒ Secretase Aβ Vaccination Amyloid Anti-Aggregation Therapies Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs PARKINSON’S DISEASE: PATHOMECHANISM, PREVALENCE, SYMPTOMS, AND TREATMENT Prevalence of PD Symptoms of PD Treatment Strategies for PD Dopamine Replacement Therapy (DRT) L-DOPA: Promising DRT for PD Anti-inflammatory Agents and Protein Anti-Aggregants ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOME IN METABOLISM AND HEALTH Role of Prebiotics in Gut Microflora Balance Gut Microbiome and Neurodegenerative Disease Gut and Alzheimer’s Disease Therapeutic Role of Probiotics in AD Prebiotics For AD Gut Microbiome and Parkinson’s Disease Probiotics and Prebiotics for PD Mediterranean Diet Ketogenic Diet and Fasting Polyphenols CONCLUDING REMARKS CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Therapeutic Efficacy of Mushroom in Neurodegenerative Diseases Ankita Kushwaha1,*, Vivek K. Chaturvedi2, Sachchida Nand Rai2, Sanjay C. Masih3 and M. P. Singh2 INTRODUCTION NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF MUSHROOMS AGAINST NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF MUSHROOMS AGAINST NDS Role of Mushrooms in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Mushrooms Having Beneficial Effects Against Parkinson's Pisease (PD) CONCLUSIONS CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Advances in Experimental Animal Models Provide Insights into Different Etiology and Mechanism of Multiple Sclerosis to Design Therapeutics Sourodip Sengupta and Jayasri Das Sarma* INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION OF MS ETIOLOGY OF MS CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS PRESENT THERAPEUTICS AND LIMITATIONS EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS TO UNDERSTAND THE MECHANISMS OF MS EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS (EAE) EXPERIMENTAL VIRAL-INDUCED MODEL OF MS TMEV MODEL MHV MODEL MHV MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSES Recombinant Demyelinating (DM) And Non-Demyelinating (NDM) Mhv Strains CONCLUDING REMARKS CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Novel Therapeutic Targets in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Priyanka Gautam, Mukesh Kumar Jogi and Abhishek Pathak* INTRODUCTION HISTORY EPIDEMIOLOGY SIGN AND SYMPTOMS CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS GENETICS MUTATION ALS PATHOGENIC PATHWAYS AS THERAPEUTIC TARGETS TARGETING OXIDATIVE STRESS TARGETING GLUTAMATE TRANSPORT TARGETING PROTEIN AGGREGATION TARGETING MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION TARGETING APOPTOSIS TARGETING NEUROINFLAMMATION TARGETING GLIAL CELLS (MICROGLIA AND ASTROCYTES) TARGETING DYSREGULATED RNA PROCESS TARGETING NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION TARGETING GENE CONCLUDING REMARKS CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Impact of Nano-Formulations of Natural Compounds in the Management of Neuro degenerative Diseases Hemraj Heer1, Vishav Prabhjot Kaur1, Tania Bajaj1, Arti Singh2, Priyanka Bajaj3 and Charan Singh1,* INTRODUCTION NEUROPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS APPROACHES FOR CNS TARGETED NATURAL COMPOUNDS DELIVERY NANO-BASED DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS LIPIDIC NANOMATERIALS Liposomes Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Systems Carbon Nanomaterials Carbon Nanotubes Nanodiamonds Polymeric Systems Dendrimers Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs) Semiconducting Nanoparticles And Quantum Dots Phospholipid Complexes METHODS OF NANOFORMULATIONS PREPARATION Emulsion-solvent Evaporation Method Solvent Diffusion Method Salting Out Method Supercritical Fluid Technique Polymerization Technique NATURAL COMPOUNDS NANO-DELIVERY IN NEURO DEGENERATIVE DISEASES Alzheimer’s Disease Huntington’s Disease Parkinson's Disease CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Recent Advancement in the Nanoparticles Mediated Therapeutics of Parkinson’s Disease Vivek K. Chaturvedi1, Payal Singh2 and M.P. Singh1,* INTRODUCTION NANOPARTICLES BASED THERAPY FOR PARKINSON’S DISEASE CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Subject Index