The Behavioral Ecology of Efe Pygmy Men in the Ituri Forest, Zaire

Description

Contents List of figures List of tables List of plates Foreword, by John Speth Preface Chapter 1: Introduction Theory and Choice of Variables The Influence of Previous Studies of Pygmies Chapter 2: The Study Area and Its Inhabitants The Physical Environment The Effects of Human Occupation Peoples Inhabiting the Ituri Forest The Study Area Study Populations Sample Populations The Lese Dese The Efe The Annual Cycle The Efe Annual Cycle Chapter 3: Methods Observations of Behavior Choice of Observation Technique Sampling Schedules Recording Methods All-Day Observations of Behavior Observer Effect The Problem of Independence Ad Lib Observations Observations of Hunts Other Data Collection Demography Anthropometry Food Procurement and Exchange Questionnaires Event Calendars Quid Pro Quo Data Analyses Chapter 4: Activity Patterns and Food Acquisition Subsistence and Maintenance Activities Hunting Food Gathering Honey Gathering Collecting Firewood and Water Food Preparation Camp Maintenance Manufacture and Maintenance of Implements Village-Related Work Travel Between Camp and Village Moving Camp Total Subsistence-Related Work Child Care Self Care Leisure Recreation Smoking Locomotion Distance Traveled Comparisons with Non-human Primates The Effect of Age on Distance Traveled Health and Illness and Activity The Kinds of Illness Health and Activity The Effects of Weather on Activity Camp Location Distance from the Village Seasonal Location of Camps Activity Patterns: Forest vs. Village Hunting and Gathering Work in the Village Total Subsistence Work Food Acquisition Summary Conclusion Chapter 5: The Sociology of Efe Hunting Hunting Methods and Prey Species Monkey Hunts Ambush Hunts Group Hunts Time Allocation During Hunts Locomotor Patterns Distance Traveled Hunting Returns Monkey Hunts Ambush Hunts Group Hunts Group Hunts: Sharing The Effect of Sharing on Individual Procurement Success Age and Procurement Success Limited Needs for Meat Comparison of Hunting Returns: All Methods The Advantages of Group Hunting Summary Chapter 6: Hunting Success and Marriage Marriage Patterns of Efe and Lese Efe Male Strategies of Competition Overall Hunting Success Marital Success and Hunting Success Wealth, Hunting and Marriage Chapter 7: Conclusion The Pygmy-Villager Relationship Sex Differences in Behavior References Cited Appendix 1: Questionnaire Appendix 2: Checksheet Appendix 3: Glossary of Codes and Definitions Plates