Solar Water Heating: Fundamentals and Applications

Description

This book proposes the development of solar water heating applications. The theme is topical since it is linked not only to its economic advantages, but above all to considerations relating to environmental protection. Indeed, the operation of water heating systems, industrial or domestic, by this solar energy, is characterized by the absence of polluting discharges (fumes containing CO2 and Nox), radioactive dangers and bulky waste (nuclear center). Overall, this book deals with the description of solar energy sources (thermal and photovoltaic), the structures of innovative water heating systems by these energy sources, the thermal and electrical modeling of water heating and the estimation of the yields of the different proposed systems. The proposed knowledge makes it possible to discover the field of renewable energy and to have knowledge of the applications of innovative solar heating systems currently marketed or under development in research laboratories. Also, it allows young researchers, doctoral students, academics and engineers to innovate in the field of solar energy and to develop efficient and hybrid solar water heating systems (thermal and photovoltaic energies). The experimental results, numerical simulations and economic studies proposed will be used by design offices to size and propose the appropriate installations for industrial and domestic applications. Contents Preface Chapter 1 Water Heating with a Multi-Stage Hybrid Solar System MSDH Abstract 1. Introduction 2. Structure and Functioning of System MSD 3. Numerical Model for the Multi-Stage Desalination Plant 3.1. Energy Balance of the Basin 3.2. Energy Balance from 1st to 8th Stage 4. Numerical Resolution 5. Results and Simulation Conclusion Acknowledgments References Chapter 2 Adoption Potential, Thermal Engineering and Economic Viability of Solar Water Heating Systems Abstract Nomenclature Abbreviations 1. Introduction 1.2. Types of Solar Water Heating Systems 1.2.1. Natural Circulation Passive SWHS 1.2.1.1. Research on Natural Circulation Systems 1.2.2. Forced Circulation Active SWHS 1.2.2.1. Research on Forced Circulation Systems 1.3. Advanced Designs of Water Heaters 2. Potential of Solar Water Heaters 3. Thermal Analyses of Solar Water Heaters 4. Economics of Solar Water Heaters 4.1. Life Cycle Cost (LCC) 4.2. Present Worth Factor 4.3. Payback Period 5. Benefits of SWHS Conclusion References Appendıx 1 Chapter 3 Daily Comparison Energy and Exergy Analysis and Thermal Energy Storage Performance of Solar Collectors Abstract Nomenclature Greek Symbols Subscripts Abbreviations 1. Introduction 2. System Description 3. Analyses of the System 3.1. Energy and Exergy Analyses of the SCs 4. Results Conclusion References Chapter 4 Steam Generation for Process Applications Using Solar Water Heating Enabled by Nanofluids Abstract 1. Introduction 1.1. Background 1.2. The Literature on Nanotechnology for Steam Generation 2. Methodology and Experimental Procedure 2.1. Materials 2.1.1. Reasons for Using TiO2 Nanopowder 2.2. Preparation of Nanofluids 2.2.1. Experimental Procedure (Two-Step Method) 2.2.2. Characterization 2.2.3. Steam Generation Experiments 2.3. Models for Thermal Conductivity 3. Results and Discussion 3.1. Characterization 3.2. Stability of Nanofluids 3.3. Evaporation of Nanofluids 3.4. Vapor Generation Mechanisms 3.5. Case Studies of Industrial Applications 3.5.1. Soil Sterilization 3.5.2. Desalination of Seawater 3.5.2.1. Solar Stills 3.5.2.2. Low-Temperature Multi-Effect Desalination and Multi-Stage Flash Process 3.5.3. Solar Autoclaves for Hospitals 3.5.4. Paper and Pulp Industry 3.5.5. Textile Industry 3.6. Limitations Conclusion References Chapter 5 Influence of Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material (NEPCM) on the Performance of Solar Water Heater Abstract 1. Introduction 2. Experimental Setup of Solar Water Heater 3. Preparation and Characterization of PCM and Nano-Enhanced PCM 4. Experimental Procedure 4.1. Thermodynamic Analysis 4.2. Uncertainty Analysis 5. Results and Discussion 5.1. Characterization Studies on NEPCMs 5.2. Experimental investigations on solar water heater with PCM and NEPCM 5.2.1. Energy Efficiency of the Solar Water Heater in Different Cases Conclusion References Chapter 6 Thermal Model and Simulations of Solar Water Heating Abstract Nomenclature 1. Introduction 2. Mathematical Model 2.1. Heat Transfer within a Collector 2.2. Heat Transfer within the Storage Tank 3. Simulations Conclusion References Chapter 7 Thermal Performance Evaluation of a Modified Solar Water Heater Integrated with Parabolic Trough Concentrator Abstract Nomenclature 1. Introduction 2. System Design 3. Experimental Methodology 4. Thermal Performance Analysis 5. Economic Analysis 5.1. Raw Material Cost 5.2. Manufacturing Cost 5.3. Transportation Cost 5.4. Maintenance and Replacement Cost 5.5. Operating Cost Conclusion References Chapter 8 Hydrogen Production and Space Heating Using Water Heated by Solar Radiation Abstract Nomenclature Greek Symbols Subscripts 1. Introduction 2. System Description 3. Analyses of the System 3.1. Energy and Exergy Analyses of ETSCs 3.2. Energy and Exergy Analyses of ORC 3.3. Overall Energy and Exergy Efficiencies of Solar Thermal System 3.4. PEM Electrolysis 4. Results Conclusion References Chapter 9 Photovoltaic Solar Water Heating System Abstract 1. Introduction 2. Structure and Operation of the Photovoltaic Heating System 2.1. Synoptic Diagram 3. Block Operation 3.1. Power Block 3.2. Command and Control Block 3.3. Supervision Interface 3.4. Hotplate 4. Results and Discussions 4.1. Experimental Procedure 4.2. Operation of Photovoltaic Panels 4.3. Operation of DC/DC Converters 4.4. Solar Photovoltaic Water Heating 5. Distillation and Overall System Yields Conclusion Acknowledgments References Chapter 10 Potential Techniques for Thermal Performance Enhancement for Solar Water Heaters Abstract 1. Introduction 1.1. Types of Solar Water Heaters 1.1.1. Active Solar Water Heating Systems 1.1.2. Thermosyphon Solar Water Heater 1.1.3. Integrated Collector Systems (ICS) 2. Heat Transfer Enhancement Techniques 2.1. Collector Design 2.1.1. Flat Plate Collector 2.1.2. Compound Parabolic Collector 2.1.3. Evacuated Tube Collector 2.2. Selective Coatings 2.3. Extended Surfaces 2.4. Thermal Energy Storage 2.4.1. Classification of Thermal Energy Storage System 2.4.1.1. Sensible Heat Storage 2.4.1.2. Thermochemical Energy Storage 2.4.1.3. Latent Heat Energy Storage 2.4.2. Solar Water Heaters with Energy Storage 2.5. Extra Radiation Gain 3. Comparative Analysis 4. Benefits of SWHS Conclusion References Chapter 11 Humidification-Dehumidification Desalination Through Solar Water Heating System Abstract Nomenclature Suffix Acronyms 1. Introduction 2. Theoretical Perspectives 2.1. Well Mixed Thermal Stratification with Direct Heat Transfer 2.2. HDH Desalination 3. Results Conclusion Acknowledgments References Chapter 12 Influence of Various Nanofluids on the Performance of Solar Water Heaters Abstract 1. Introduction 2. ExperimentalSetup and Procedure 3. Experimental Calculation 4. mathematical Modeling 4.1. Energy Balance Equation for the Glass Cover 4.2. Energy Balance Equation for the Absorber Plate 4.3. Energy Balance Equation for the Bottom Plate 4.4. First Law Analysis 4.5. Second law Analysis 5. Results and Discussion 6.1. Effects of Particle Volume Concentration on Thermal Efficiency 6.2. Effects of Reduced Temperature Parameter on Thermal Efficiency 6.3. Effects of Mass Flow Rates on Thermal Efficiency 6.4. Effects of Solar Radiation on Thermal Efficiency 6.5. Exergy Efficiency 6.5. Economic Analysis of Solar Collector Conclusion References About the Editor Index Blank Page