Research in communication sciences and disorders : methods for systematic inquiry

Description

Preface Chapter 1. Empirical and Nonempirical Research: An Overview Systematic Inquiry Some Roles for Research Types of Research Variables Getting Started with Research Summary Review Questions References Appendix 1–1. Tips for Reading a Research Article Chapter 2. Ethical Considerations Protection of Human Participants Special Protections Historical Perspective Institutional Review Boards Research Integrity Avoiding Conflicts of Interest Credit for Intellectual Effort Attribution of Ideas Accuracy in Reporting Information Data Management Confidentiality and Privacy Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Summary Review Questions Learning Activities References Appendix 2–1. Research Scenario Chapter 3. Identifying and Formulating Research Questions Identifying Important Questions Formulating Research Questions Ways to Formulate a Research Problem Evidence-Based Practice Questions Criteria for Well-Formed Questions Establishing Validity and Reliability Summary Review Questions Learning Activities References Chapter 4. Completing a Literature Search Purposes of a Literature Search Planning and Conducting a Search Search Tools Designing a Search Strategy Organizing and Documenting Your Literature Search Summary Review Questions Learning Activities References Appendix 4–1. Electronic Literature Search Chapter 5. Writing a Literature Review Research Phases Purposes of a Literature Review Organization Note Taking Writing the Paper Example of an Outline Summary and Conclusions Section Citations and References Literature Review Checklist Types of Literature Reviews Summary Review Questions Learning Activities References Chapter 6. Nonexperimental Research Design Nonexperimental Research Designs Survey Research Case Studies Longitudinal Research Correlation and Regression Group Comparisons Causal-Comparative Research Qualitative Research Ethnography Grounded Theory Case Study Phenomenology Conversation Analysis Scientific Rigor in Qualitative Research Summary Review Questions Learning Activities References Appendix 6–1. Examples of Research Designs Chapter 7. Experimental Research and Levels of Evidence Experimental Research Designs Posttest-Only Designs Pretest–Posttest Randomized Control Group Design Solomon Randomized Four-Group Design Switching Replications Design Factorial Designs Importance of Experimental Control History Maturation Statistical Regression Instrumentation Selection Mortality Quasi-Experimental Approaches Nonequivalent Control Group Designs Repeated Measures Group Design Single-Subject Designs Single-Subject Design Quality Experimental Designs and Levels of Evidence Summary Review Questions Learning Activities References Appendix 7–1. Research Scenario Chapter 8. Research Participants and Sampling Populations and Samples Sample Characteristics Sampling Methods Simple Random Sampling Systematic Sampling Stratified Random Sampling Cluster Sampling Purposive Sampling Random Assignment Sample Size Summary Review Questions Learning Activities References Chapter 9. Data Analysis: Describing Different Types of Data Levels of Measurement Visual Representation of Data Descriptive Statistics Frequencies and Percentages Measures of Central Tendency Measures of Variability Means as Estimates Shapes of Distributions Summary Review Questions Learning Activities References Chapter 10. Data Analysis: Inferential Statistics Inferential Statistics Measures of Association Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient Coefficient of Determination Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Chi-Square and Contingency Coefficient Simple Regression and Multiple Regression Testing for Differences Between Two Samples Independent and Paired t-Tests Confidence Intervals Mann-Whitney U Sign Test and Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks Test Testing for Differences Among Three or More Samples Statistical Analysis for Factorial Designs Additional Tools for Analyzing Clinical Data Caution in the Use and Reporting of Statistics Summary Review Questions Learning Activities References Appendix 10–1. Examples of Data Analysis Procedures Chapter 11. Research Outcomes: Clinical Guidance, Research Reports Knowledge Base for Evaluating Clinical Research Critical Appraisal How Applicable Are the Findings Reporting Research Findings Components of a Research Report Writing Guidelines and Writing Style Disseminating Research Findings Summary Review Questions Learning Activities References Index