Human Factor in Nuclear Security: Establishing and Optimizing Security Culture

Description

This book attempts to look into the genesis of security culture as a concept which emerged with the recognition of the role of the human factor in the context of security. It traces the rapid evolution of security culture into a multi-functional discipline reinforced by supplementary tools such as assessment and enhancement methodologies, reviews practical steps to harmonize nuclear safety and security culture as well as recommends its practical application to address insider threats and their consequences. In addition, it demonstrates how to tailor the generic model of nuclear security culture to meet specific needs of diverse facilities and activities in different countries. Finally, the book discusses several challenges which need to be addressed to make security culture a user-friendly, universal, and  sustainable instrument to turn the perception of the human factor as a liability into an asset of nuclear security. Preface Contents About the Author List of Figures List of Tables List of Boxes 1 Human Performance 1.1 Patterns of Behavior 1.2 Competence 1.3 To Err is Human 1.4 High-Tech Innovations References 2 National and Organizational Culture 2.1 Culture Diversity 2.2 National Dimensions 2.3 Four Types of Organizational Culture 2.4 High Reliability Organization 2.5 Edgar Schein’s Principles of Organizational Culture References 3 Security Culture in Nuclear Facilities and Activities 3.1 Role of Nuclear Security Culture 3.2 IAEA Model of Security Culture 3.3 Beliefs, Assumptions, and Value 3.4 Management Systems 3.5 Security Culture Drivers References 4 Capacity and Competence Building for Nuclear Security Culture 4.1 Cross-Cutting Function 4.2 Education 4.3 Training 4.4 Nuclear Knowledge Management 4.5 Knowledge Management Networks 4.6 Stakeholder Engagement 4.7 IAEA Activities in Nuclear Security Culture References 5 Assessing and Enhancing Nuclear Security Culture 5.1 Role of Self-Assessment 5.2 Special Considerations for Security-Culture Self-Assessment 5.3 Process of Security Culture Self-Assessment 5.4 Self-Assessment Tools 5.5 Conducting the Analysis 5.6 Benefits of Self-Assessment 5.7 Corrective and Enhancing Measures References 6 Bringing Safety-Security Culture into Harmony 6.1 Safety as an IAEA Priority 6.2 Two Sides of the Same Coin 6.3 Aligning Safety and Security Culture 6.4 Crucial Topics and Areas 6.5 Six Phases of Harmonization References 7 Security Culture for Users of Radioactive Sources 7.1 Vulnerabilities and Misuse 7.2 Physical Protection and the Human Factor 7.3 Radioactive Sources: Special Considerations for Security Culture 7.4 Security Culture Model for Radioactive Sources 7.5 Evaluating and Enhancing References 8 Nuclear Security Culture as a Tool to Address Insider Threat 8.1 What is Insider Threat? 8.2 Security Culture Applicability References 9 Application of Culture Methodology in Non-nuclear Domains 9.1 Part I: Biomedical Domain: Biorisk-Management Culture 9.1.1 Biorisk Management 9.1.2 Human Performance 9.1.3 Model of Biorisk-Management Culture 9.2 Part II: Policy and Management Practice: Compliance Culture in Strategic Trade 9.2.1 Establishing Compliance Management 9.2.2 Strategic-Trade Compliance Model 9.2.3 Samples of Compliance-Culture Indicators 9.2.4 Assessment and Enhancement Conclusion: A Way Forward Global Tier National Tier IAEA Tier Appendix A IAEA Security Culture Characteristics and Associated Indicators (As Listed in Appendix II of Technical Guidance 28-T Self-assessment of Nuclear Security Culture in Facilities and Activities) Management Systems Leadership Behavior Personnel Behavior Appendix B A Methodology for Evaluating the Implementation of Human-Reliability Programs Introduction Methods for Collecting Data HRP Evaluation and Indicators Findings: Levels of Maturity Visualization of Self-assessment Results Conclusion