Experimental Stress Analysis

Description

Cover Contents Preface About the Author Chapter 1: Elementary Elasticity 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Stress Tensor 1.3 Stress at a Point 1.4 Plane Stress Condition 1.5 Strain Tensor 1.6 Plane Strain Condition 1.7 Deformations 1.8 Generalized Hooke’s Law 1.9 Elastic Constants K and G 1.10 Equilibrium Equations 1.11 Second Degree Polynomial 1.12 A Beam Subjected to Pure Bending Multiple Choice Questions Exercise Chapter 2: Mechanical Behaviour of Materials 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Crystalline Materials 2.3 Crystal Structures of Various Elements 2.4 Atomic Bonding 2.4.1 Metallic Bonding 2.5 Single Crystal 2.6 Polycrystalline Materials 2.7 Imperfections in Solids 2.7.1 Impurities in Solids 2.8 Dislocations 2.8.1 Burger’s Vector 2.8.2 Screw Dislocation 2.8.3 Characteristics of Dislocations 2.8.4 Plastic Deformation 2.9 Surface Imperfections 2.10 Volume Imperfections 2.11 Slip Systems 2.12 Mechanical Properties 2.12.1 Yield Strength 2.13 Hardness 2.13.1 Brinell Number 2.13.2 Pyramid Hardness 2.13.3 Rockwell Hardness Test 2.13.4 Mechanism of Indent Formation 2.13.5 Rebound Hardness 2.13.6 Superficial Hardness Test 2.14 Failure Analysis 2.14.1 Brittle Fracture 2.15 Fracture Toughness 2.15.1 Ductile to Brittle Transition 2.16 Fatigue 2.16.1 Cyclic Stresses 2.16.2 Factors Affecting Fatigue Life 2.16.3 Crack Initiation and Propagation 2.16.4 Surface Treatments 2.16.5 Case Hardening 2.16.6 Environmental Effects 2.17 Creep 2.17.1 Stress and Temperature Effects 2.17.2 Alloys for High Temperature Use 2.18 Stress Relaxation Multiple Choice Questions Practice Problems Chapter 3: Fixed Beams 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Fixed Beam–bending Moment Diagram 3.3 Fixed Beam-support Moments 3.4 Fixed Beam with a Concentrated Load at Centre 3.5 Fixed Beam with Uniformly Distributed Load Throughout its Length 3.6 Fixed Beam with an Eccentric Load 3.7 Effect of Sinking of a Support in a Fixed Beam 3.8 Effect of Rotation of a Support in a Fixed Beam Multiple Choice Questions Practice Problems Chapter 4: Continuous Beams 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Clapeyron’s Theorem of Three Moments 4.2.1 Span BA (Independently) 4.2.2 Deflection at Centre of Span BC 4.3 Theorem of Three Moments—Any Type of Loading 4.4 Supports not at Same Level 4.5 Continuous Beam with Fixed End Multiple Choice Questions Exercise Chapter 5: Torsion of Non-circular Shafts 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Rectangular Section 5.3 Torsion of Elliptical Section Shaft 5.4 Torsion of a Shaft with Equilateral Triangular Section 5.5 Membrane Analogy 5.6 Torsion of Thin Walled Sections 5.7 Torsion of Thin Rectangular Sections 5.8 Torsion of Thin Walled Multi-cell Sections Multiple Choice Questions Practice Problems Chapter 6: Statically Indeterminate Structures 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Analysis of Redundant Frames with Strain Compatibility Condition 6.3 Degree of Redundancy 6.4 Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Trusses Practice Problems Chapter 7: Rotational Stresses 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Rotating Ring 7.3 Stresses in a Thin Rotating Disc 7.4 Disc of Uniform Strength 7.5 Stresses in Rotating Long Cylinders 7.6 Temperature Stresses in a Thin Disc Multiple Choice Questions Practice Problems Chapter 8: Strain Gauges 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Electrical Resistance Strain Gauge 8.3 Gauge Sensitivities and Gauge Factor 8.3.1 Metal Foil Gauges 8.4 Temperature Compensation 8.5 Parameters Influencing the Behaviour of Strain Gauge 8.5.1 Sample Preparation 8.5.2 Adhesives 8.5.3 Strain Cycles 8.5.4 Heat Dissipation 8.5.5 Moisture and Humidity 8.5.6 Hydrostatic Pressure 8.5.7 Magnetic Fields 8.5.8 Time 8.6 Rosette Analyses 8.7 Electrical Circuits 8.7.1 Potentiometer circuit 8.7.2 Wheatstone Bridge Circuit 8.8 Semiconductor Strain Gauges 8.9 Stress Gauge Multiple Choice Questions Practice Problems Chapter 9: Photoelasticity 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Stress Optic Law 9.3 Properties of Light 9.4 Plane Polariscope 9.5 Properties of Isoclinic Fringes 9.6 Circular Polariscope 9.7 Compensation Techniques 9.7.1 Tardy’s Method 9.7.2 Babinet Soleil Method 9.8 Fringe Sharpening by Partial Mirrors 9.9 Fringe Multiplication by Partial Mirrors 9.10 Separation Techniques 9.10.1 Oblique Incidence Method 9.10.2 Electrical Analogy 9.11 Stresses in Prototype 9.12 Three Dimensional Photoelasticity 9.12.1 Stress Optic Law 9.12.2 Secondary Principal Stresses 9.12.3 Photoelastic Analysis of a Slice Cut from a Model 9.13 Characteristics of a Good Photoelastic Material Multiple Choice Questions Practice Problems Chapter 10: Brittle Coating Technique 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Coating Stresses 10.3 Failure Theories 10.4 Crack Patterns in Brittle Coating 10.5 Refrigeration Technique 10.6 Load Relaxation Technique 10.7 Crack Detection 10.8 Types of Brittle Coating 10.8.1 Resin-based brittle coating 10.9 Equipment for Brittle Coating Method 10.10 Preparation of Specimen 10.11 Testing Procedure 10.12 Calibration of Brittle Coating Multiple Choice Questions Practice Problems Chapter 11: Moire Fringes Technique 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Strain Analysis Through Moire Fringes 11.3 Geometrical Approach 11.4 Displacement Approach Multiple Choice Questions Practice Problems Chapter 12: Aircraft Structures 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Structural Components of Aircraft 12.3 Shear Centre 12.4 Shear Flow in Thin Webs 12.5 Shear Lag 12.6 Shear Load on Wing Ribs 12.7 Loads on Bulk Heads 12.8 Spanwise Taper Effect on Shear Flow in Webs 12.9 Shear Flow in Tapered Webs 12.10 Cutouts in Semimonococque Structures Multiple Choice Questions Exercise Chapter 13: Experiments in Material Testing and Experimental Stress Analysis 13.1 Introduction 13.2 To Plot a Graph Between Actual Stress and Actual Strain for a Sample Under Tension Using UTM 13.3 Buckling Test on Columns Using UTM 13.4 Determination of Shear Centre of a Channel Section 13.5 Creep Test 13.6 Fatigue Test 13.7 Determination of Young’s Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio 13.8 Determination of Shear Modulus 13.9 Calibration of a Proving Ring 13.10 Calibration of a Photoelastic Model for Stress Fringe Value Index