The Diabetes Textbook: Clinical Principles, Patient Management and Public Health Issues

Description

Diabetes has become a worldwide health problem, the global estimated prevalence approaches ten percent and the burden of this disease in terms of morbidity and mortality is unprecedented. The advances acquired through the knowledge of the mechanisms of the disease and the variety of therapeutic approaches contrast with the inability of private and public health systems in underdeveloped and even developed countries to achieve the goals of treatment. This paradox has been described in many sources: the surge of scientific advances contrast with an unprecedented amount of human suffering. Thus, a patient centered and an evidence based approach with the capacity to produce measurable clinical and economic outcomes is required. The purpose of this textbook is multiple: to offer a comprehensive resource covering all aspects of outpatient management; to address diabetes as a health problem from an epidemiological, economic and clinical perspective; to discuss the role of social determinants of health on the worldwide increase in diabetes; to highlight the challenges and obstacles in providing adequate care; and to outline a multidisciplinary approach to management in which medical visits retain their importance as part of a team comprising the patient, his or her family and a multidisciplinary group of health professionals who are able to move beyond the traditional approach of diabetes as a disease and greatly improve outcomes. Front Matter ....Pages i-xx Preface: A New Disease? (Joel Rodriguez-Saldana)....Pages 1-8 Front Matter ....Pages 9-9 The Dynamics of Diabetes Prevalence, Morbidity, and Mortality (Edward W. Gregg, Paula Bracco)....Pages 11-21 Economic Costs, from Individuals to Health Systems: Evidence from a Middle-Income Country (Armando Arredondo, Emanuel Orozco, Maria Beatriz Duarte, Silvia Magali Cuadra, Ana Lucía Recamán, Alejandra Azar)....Pages 23-32 The Ecological Approach to Self-Management in Diabetes (Edwin B. Fisher, Paul Bloch, William Sherlaw)....Pages 33-59 Social Determinants of Health and Diabetes Outcomes (Hideki Hashimoto)....Pages 61-69 Definition, Diagnostic Criteria, Screening, Diagnosis, and Classification of Diabetes and Categories of Glucose Intolerance (Lakshmana Perumal Nandhini, Sadishkumar Kamalanathan, Jayaprakash Sahoo)....Pages 71-85 Front Matter ....Pages 87-87 Pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes (Rita A. Gómez-Díaz)....Pages 89-99 Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes (Jothydev Kesavadev, Fatema Jawad, Asma Deeb, Ankia Coetzee, M. A. Jalil Ansari, Dina Shrestha et al.)....Pages 101-116 Genetic Determinants of Type 2 Diabetes (Miguel Cruz, Adán Valladares-Salgado, Eugenia Flores-Alfaro, José de Jesús Peralta Romero)....Pages 117-125 Gene Expression Modifications in Type 2 Diabetes (Fernando Suarez-Sanchez, Jaime Gomez-Zamudio)....Pages 127-144 The Immune System and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes (Rebeca García Macedo)....Pages 145-167 Dysfunction and Death of Pancreatic Beta Cells in Type 2 Diabetes (Clara Ortega-Camarillo)....Pages 169-184 Obesity in the Pathophysiology of Diabetes (Juan Antonio Paniagua González, Antonio Vidal-Puig)....Pages 185-213 Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Evangelia Kintiraki, Gesthimani Mintziori, Dimitrios G. Goulis)....Pages 215-225 Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes (Cristiane A. Villela Nogueira, Nathalie Carvalho Leite)....Pages 227-235 Front Matter ....Pages 237-237 Diabetes Management in Asia (Roopa Shivashankar, Kavita Singh, L. R. Aravind, Nikhil Tandon)....Pages 239-253 Diabetes Management in the United States (Mohammed K. Ali, Megha K. Shah, Tannaz Moin)....Pages 255-271 Diabetes Management in Africa (Simeon Pierre Choukem, Christian Akem Dimala, Camille Maadjhou, Jean Claude Mbanya)....Pages 273-288 Front Matter ....Pages 289-289 The Patient-Centered Medical Home, Primary Care, and Diabetes (Joel Rodriguez-Saldana)....Pages 291-304 Outpatient Diabetes Management and the Chronic Care Model (Joel Rodriguez-Saldana)....Pages 305-332 Clinical Practice Guidelines, Evidence-Based Medicine, and Diabetes (Joel Rodriguez-Saldana)....Pages 333-355 Measuring Diabetes Quality of Care: Clinical Outcomes, Cost-Effectiveness, and Patient Experience of Care (Patrick J. O’Connor, Jo Ann M. Sperl-Hillen, Todd P. Gilmer)....Pages 357-365 Clinical Inertia: The Role of Physicians in Diabetes Outcomes (Joel Rodriguez-Saldana)....Pages 367-380 Patient Adherence: Challenges, Myths, and Realities (Joel Rodriguez-Saldana)....Pages 381-400 Front Matter ....Pages 401-401 Challenges and Opportunities in Diabetes Education (Jane K. Dickinson, Melinda Downie Maryniuk, Margaret Powers)....Pages 403-416 Diabetes and Mental Health: From Distress to Depression (Gerhard Heinze, Diana Guizar-Sánchez, Napoleón Bernard-Fuentes)....Pages 417-428 Tools of Self-Care: Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose and Tele-Health Resources (Barry H. Ginsberg)....Pages 429-450 Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Clinical Practice: Ambulatory Glucose Profile and the Application of Advanced Glucose Sensing Technologies to Clinical Decision-Making (Roger S. Mazze)....Pages 451-462 Type 2 Diabetes and Lifestyle Medicine (Karla I. Galaviz, Mohammed K. Ali)....Pages 463-476 Evidence and Implementation of Medical Nutrition Therapy in Persons with Diabetes (Melinda Downie Maryniuk, Alison Evert, Jo-Anne Rizzotto)....Pages 477-483 Evidence and Implementation of Physical Activity and Exercise (Edtna Jáuregui-Ulloa, Juan López-Taylor)....Pages 485-498 Front Matter ....Pages 499-499 The “Old” Oral Antidiabetics (Susanne Buhse, Ingrid Mühlhauser)....Pages 501-513 Incretin Therapies: Current Use and Emerging Possibilities (Haiko Schlögl, Michael Stumvoll)....Pages 515-529 Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors (George Dailey III, Lauren H. S. Clarine, Renil Marie Rodriguez-Martinez)....Pages 531-539 Use of Insulin in Outpatient Diabetes Management (Raquel N. Faradji, Ana Paula Díaz Barriga-Menchaca, María Elena Sainz de la Maza Viadero)....Pages 541-554 Insulin Pump Therapy (Raquel N. Faradji, María Elena Sainz de la Maza Viadero)....Pages 555-570 Front Matter ....Pages 571-571 Diabetes and Hypertension (D. Khangura, J. Hong, R. Kurukulasuriya, James R. Sowers)....Pages 573-585 Diabetes and Atherogenic Dyslipidemia (Arshag D. Mooradian)....Pages 587-596 Obesity and Diabetes (Sean Wharton, Christy Costanian, Talia Gershon, Rebecca A. G. Christensen)....Pages 597-610 Diabetes and Smoking: The Burden of Evidence (Sameer Aggarwal, Deepak Khandelwal, Deep Dutta, Sanjay Kalra, Yatan Pal Singh Balhara)....Pages 611-616 Front Matter ....Pages 617-617 Diabetic Ketoacidosis (Guillermo E. Umpierrez)....Pages 619-627 Hypoglycemia: Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention (Raquel N. Faradji, Ana C. Uribe-Wiechers, María Elena Sainz de la Maza Viadero)....Pages 629-653 Inpatient Management of Diabetes and Hyperglycemia (William B. Horton)....Pages 655-668 Diabetes and Infection (Atulya Atreja, Sanjay Kalra, Joel Rodriguez-Saldana)....Pages 669-691 Front Matter ....Pages 693-693 Biochemical Mechanisms of Vascular Complications in Diabetes ( Margarita Díaz-Flores, Luis Arturo Baiza-Gutman)....Pages 695-707 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease (Daniel Coutiño-Castelán, Arturo Abundes-Velasco, Félix Damas de los Santos, Eduardo A. Arias Sánchez, Celso Mendoza González, Arturo Méndez Ortiz et al.)....Pages 709-730 Diabetes and Stroke: The Role of Glucose Regulation (Forrest Lowe, Wuwei (Wayne) Feng)....Pages 731-746 Peripheral Arterial Disease and Diabetes Mellitus (Tracy J. Cheun, Georges M. Haidar, Boulos Toursarkissian)....Pages 747-763 Ophthalmic Disease in Diabetes (José Henriques, Sara Vaz-Pereira, João Nascimento, Marco Medeiros, Susana Henriques, Paulo Caldeira Rosa)....Pages 765-775 Diabetes and Oral Health (Rosa Maria Díaz-Romero, Manuel Salvador Robles-Andrade)....Pages 777-790 Renal Disease in Diabetes (Carlos A. Garza-García, Virgilia Soto-Abraham, Magdalena Madero)....Pages 791-807 Peripheral Diabetic Neuropathies (Gergely Feher)....Pages 809-823 Diabetic Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy (Viktoria Serhiyenko, Alexandr Serhiyenko)....Pages 825-850 Autonomic Visceral Neuropathy and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Anne Mohr Drewes, Christina Brock, Asbjørn Mohr Drewes)....Pages 851-861 Urologic Complications in Patients with Diabetes (Stephania Casco, Jose Carlos Arroyo-Kuribreña, Elena Soto-Vega)....Pages 863-871 Musculoskeletal Complications of Diabetes Mellitus (Rajiv Singla, Deep Dutta, Meha Sharma, Aarti Sharma)....Pages 873-881 Diabetes and the Skin (Justine Mestdagh, J. Damman, H. Bing Thio)....Pages 883-898 Foot Complications (Lawrence B. Harkless, Jarrod Shapiro, Lisa D. Breshars)....Pages 899-918 Diabetes and Cancer (Joanna Krajewska (Wojciechowska), Wojciech Krajewski, Tomasz Zatoński)....Pages 919-937 Front Matter ....Pages 939-939 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents (América Liliana Miranda Lora, Martha Beauregard Paz, Miguel Klünder Klünder)....Pages 941-966 Pregnancy: Pregestational and Gestational Management (María Isabel García-Argueta, Maricela González-Espejel)....Pages 967-976 The Elderly with Diabetes (Willy Marcos Valencia-Rodrigo)....Pages 977-989 Front Matter ....Pages 991-991 The Artificial Pancreas (Barry H. Ginsberg, Richard Mauseth)....Pages 993-998 Unproven Therapies for Diabetes (Jothydev Kesavadev, Lakshmy Ramachandran, Sanjay Kalra)....Pages 999-1013 Back Matter ....Pages 1015-1040