The Trump Doctrine and the Emerging International System

Description

President Donald J. Trump’s “America First” outlook has inspired both enthusiasm and condemnation among different segments of the American population. This book examines the meaning and implications of that perspective, and how the Trump Administration has implemented it—or failed to do so. Contributors, subject-matter experts with diverse points of view, place the Trump Doctrine within the succession of presidential foreign policy themes, and provide a case-by-case analysis of how it has been applied in specific regions and countries around the world. The book’s aim is to provide a fair and balanced assessment, relatively rare in this period of intense partisanship and impending national election. Preface Praise for The Trump Doctrine and the Emerging International System Contents Notes on Contributors List of Figures List of Tables Part I Theoretical Foundations of the Trump Doctrine 1 The Trump Doctrine and Conservative American Nationalism Impatience, Action, and Ambition: Three Psychological Sources of the Trump Doctrine Conservative American Nationalism: Implementation at Trump Speed The Risks of Trump Speed Six Pillars of President Trump’s Conservative American Nationalism Doctrine Trump Speed: Impulsiveness v. Impatience Trump and the Use of Force The Future of the Trump Doctrine References 2 National Interests and the Trump Doctrine: The Meaning of “America First” “America First” and Foreign Policy “America First”: A Brief History The Structure of the Chapter Study 1. Quantitative Discourse Analysis Study 2. Analysis of Cognition, Motivation, and Interpersonal Emotion Integrative Complexity Motive Imagery (MI) Nonimmediacy Method Study 1. Quantitative Discourse Analysis Study 2. Thematic Content Analysis of Cognition, Motivation, and Interpersonal Distance Scoring Integrative Complexity Scoring Motive Imagery Scoring Nonimmediacy Results and Discussion Study 1. Quantitative Discourse Analysis: What Donald Trump Talks About The Trump Doctrine Writ Large Study 2. How Trump Thinks and Feels: Cognition, Motivation, and Psychological Distance Bibliography 3 Trump and America’s Foreign Policy Traditions The Traditions Nationalism Realism Liberal Internationalism Conservative Internationalism Trump and the Traditions NATO and Russia Asian Alliances and China Middle East and Terrorism Trade and Immigration Human Rights and Developing Countries Conclusion Bibliography 4 The Trump Doctrine and the Institutions of the Liberal International Order Support for the Liberal International Order: The Past Really Is Prologue The Origins of America First FDR and the Rise of the Liberal International Order Presidents and the Liberal International Order: Reagan to Obama The World According to Trump The Idea of America First Trump and Reagan’s America Trump’s Doctrine Trump’s Way Trump and the Liberal World Order Trump’s Brave New World Sources Part II Functional Foundations of the Trump Doctrine 5 Foreign Policy Decision Making in the Trump Administration Advisory System and Interaction with Advisers National Security Cases Afghanistan NATO Iraq, Syria, and ISIS Climate and Trade Policy Transition to Phase Three Phase Three Policies: Iran North Korea Afghanistan Conclusions References 6 Deterrence, Compellence, and Containment in the Trump Foreign Policy: Comparing Present and Past Strategies of American Leadership The Four Different Types of Use of Force—(Defense, Deterrence, Compellence, and Swaggering) Containment and the Use of Force: Trump and His Predecessors Containment Policy Under Trump Russia Policy China Policy The Uses of Force Under Trump The Implications of Trump’s Use of Force Patterns for US Security Policy References 7 The New Normal?: Public Opinion, Partisan Division, and the Trump Doctrine Partisan Division and Foreign Policy Consensus The Trump Doctrine and Partisan Gaps in Foreign Policy The Role of United States Foreign Policy Goals and Priorities On Threats Foreign Policy Means The Trump Doctrine and Specific Foreign Policies The Trump Doctrine and Russia The Trump Doctrine and China The Trump Doctrine and Trade The Trump Doctrine and Immigration Conclusion—The End of Foreign Policy Exceptionalism Bibliography Part III Allies, Adversaries, and Rivals: The Trump Doctrine in the World Arena 8 The Trump and Putin Doctrines: Evolving Great Power Tensions Between the United States and Russia The Role of Doctrines Trump Doctrine The Putin Doctrine A United States Response Conclusion Bibliography 9 The End of the Affair: U.S.–China Relations Under Trump Elements of Trump’s China Policy Military Modernizations Tariffs Investment Restrictions Investment Abroad Origins of Trump’s China Policy The Cold War The 1990s The War on Terror The 2008 Financial Crisis Conclusion Works Cited 10 Beyond Hyperbole: The Meaning of the Trump–Kim Dialogue Theory, Method, and Data The Leaders’ Statements All Communicative Acts President Donald J. Trump’s View of North Korea and Chairman Kim Jong-un Chairman Kim Jong-un’s View of the United States and President Donald Trump Analysis of the Trump–Kim Dialogue President Trump’s Twitter Discourse The Dialogue Between Trump and Kim The Art of the Deal? Discussion References 11 The Trump Doctrine in the Middle East References 12 Trump, Israel, and the Shifting Pattern of Support for a Traditional Ally From Bipartisan Support to a Political Divide Policy Toward Israel Jerusalem, Capital of Israel Israeli Sovereignty Over the Golan Heights Iran Nuclear Deal Conclusion References Part IV The Trump Doctrine in Comparative and Historical Perspective 13 The Trump, Bush, and Obama Doctrines: A Comparative Analysis Doctrines and the Evolving International System The Bush Doctrine Origins Status and Scope Substance and Interpretation Implementation and Results The Obama Doctrine Origins Status and Scope Substance and Interpretation Implementation and Results The Trump Doctrine Origins Status and Scope Substance and Interpretation Implementation and Results US Statecraft, Doctrines, and Disorder Conclusion References 14 American Nationalism and the Future of the Trump Doctrine American Nationalism Liberal Internationalism Conservative Reactions The Trump Phenomenon The Trump Doctrine The Future of the Trump Doctrine References Index