Main Currents of Marxism Volume 3 - The Breakdown

Description

Traces the development of Marxism and its impact on Soviet culture BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE 3. Stalin's early life and rise to power 4. Socialism in one country 5. Bukharin and the N.E.P. ideology. The economic controversy of the 1920s II. THEORETICAL CONTROVERSIES IN SOVIET MARXISM IN THE 1920s 1. The intellectual and political climate 2. Bukharin as a philosopher 3. Philosophical controversies: Deborin versus the mechanists III. MARXISM AS THE IDEOLOGY OF THE SOVIET STATE 1. The ideological significance of the great purges 2. Stalin's codification of Marxism 3. The Comintern and the ideological transformation of international Communism IV. THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF MARXISMLENINISM AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR 8. Stalin on philology 9. Stalin on the Soviet economy 10. General features of Soviet culture in Stalin's last years 11. The cognitive status of dialectical materialism 12. The roots and significance of Stalinism. The question of a 'new class' 15 13. European Marxism during the last phase of Stalinism 1. The wartime interlude 1 1 2. The new ideological offensive 3. The philosophical controversy of 1947 4. The economic debate 5. Marxism-Leninism in physics and cosmology 6. Marxist-Leninist genetics 7. General effect on Soviet science 1 V. TROTSKY 1. The years of exile 2. Trotsky's analysis of the Soviet system, the bureaucracy, and 'Thermidor' 1 go 3. Bolshevism and Stalinism. The idea of Soviet democracy 4. Criticism of Soviet economic and foreign policy 5. Fascism, democracy, and war 6. Conclusions VI. ANTONIO GRAMSCI: COMMUNIST REVISIONISM 1. Life and works 2. The self-sufficiency of history; historical relativism 3. Critique of 'economism'. Prevision and will 4. Critique of materialism 5. Intellectuals and the class struggle. The concept of hegemony 6. Organization and mass movement. VII. GYORGY LUKACS: REASON IN THE SERVICE OF DOGMA 1. Life and intellectual development. Early writings 2. The whole and the part: critique of empiricism 3. The subject and object of history. Theory and practice. What is and what ought to be. Critique of neo-Kantianism and evolutionism 4. Critique of the 'dialectic of nature' and the theory of reflection. The concept of reification 5. Class-consciousness and organization 6. Critique of irrationalism 7. The whole, mediation, and mimesis as aesthetic categories 8. Realism, socialist realism, and the avant-garde g. The exposition of Marxist mythology. Commentary 10. Lukacs as a Stalinist, and his critique of Stalinism IX. Lucien Goldmann 4. Goldmann and Lukacs. Comment on genetic structuralism X. THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL AND 'CRITICAL THEORY 1. Historical and biographical notes 2. Principles of critical theory 3. Negative dialectics 4· Critique of existential 'authenticism 5. Critique of 'enlightenment 6. Erich Fromm 7. Critical theory (continued). Jurgen Habermas 8. Conclusion XI. HERBERT MARCUSE: MARXISM AS A TOTALITARIAN UTOPIA OF THE NEW LEFT 1. Hegel and Marx versus positivism 2. Critique of contemporary civilization 3. 'One-dimensional man' 4o7 4· The revolution against freedom 5· Commentary Xll. ERNST BLOCH: MARXISM AS A FUTURISTIC GNOSIS 1. Life and writings 2. Basic ideas 3. Greater and lesser day-dreams 4. Marxism as a 'concrete Utopia 5. Death as an anti-Utopia. God does not yet exist, but he will 6. Matter and materialism 7. Natural law 8. Bloch's political orientation 9. Conclusion and comments