Basic Concepts of Clinical Electrophysiology in Audiology

Description

Basic Concepts of Clinical Electrophysiology in Audiologyis a revolutionary textbook, combining the research and expertise of both distinguished experts and up-and-coming voices in the field. By taking a multidisciplinary approach to the subject, the editors of this graduate-level text break down all aspects of electrophysiology to make it accessible to audiology students. In addition to defining the basics of the tools of the trade and their routine uses, the authors also provide ample presentations of new approaches currently undergoing continuing research and development. The goal of this textbook is to give developing audiologists a broad and solid basis of understanding of the methods in common or promising practice.  Throughout the text, individual chapters are divided into “episodes,” each examining a facet of the overarching chapter’s topic. With different experts handling each episode, readers are exposed to outstanding professionals in the field. This text singularly stitches together the chapters and their episodes to build from foundational concepts to more complex issues that clinicians are likely to face on their road to full clinical competency. As collections of episodes, the writers and editors thus endeavor to present a series of stories that build throughout the book, in turn allowing readers to build a broader interest in the subject. Key FeaturesHeads Up sections in each chapter introduce more advanced content to expose readers to what lies beyond the basic level and further enhance the main chapter content and “entertainment value”Take home messages at the end of each chapter serve to focus the reader’s attention, encourage review, and discourage superficial learning by “just reading the abstract”More than 450 innovative illustrations use combinations of panels, insets, and/or gray tone to facilitate reader understanding, optimize portrayal of data, and unify concepts across chaptersNumerous case studies and references to practical clinical issues and results are included throughout the bookKeywords are highlighted in-text to improve both attention and retention of critical terms and ease of returning to review themFor instructors, access to the PluralPlus companion website with PowerPoint lecture slides Foreword Preface Special Message to Student Readers and Others Aspiring Toward Competent Use of Clinical Neurophysiology in Audiology Special Message to Instructors Adopting This Textbook Acknowledgments Contributors Dedication 1. Basic Concepts of Clinical Electrophysiology in Audiology Prequel—A Peek at the Auditory Evoked Potentials and Areas of Application Heads Up: Like in Space, It Takes Time to Travel Along the Auditory Pathway—So What? 2. Signals and Systems Essentials Signal Generation, Analysis, and Conditioning—Analog Versus Digital Perspectives Temporal Versus Spectral Views: The Saga Continues—Impulsive Versus Steady State Heads Up: Prequel 2: Why Are Computers So Important in This Area of Audiology and Are They Everywhere? Signal-Issues Particular to Stimulating the Auditory System and the Importance of Being Calibrated Heads Up: Wideband Transmission and the Middle Ear Bottleneck 3. Electrically Connecting to Humans To Access Their Auditory Neurosensory Systems Bioelectric Basics, Interface Dilemmas, and Electrode Montages/Caps— One Size Fits All? Functional Neuroanatomy of “AEP Space” and Underlying Neurophysiological Bases Heads Up: Need That Like a Hole in the Head? What About a Nail? A Case in Point! 4. Stimulating the Auditory System and the How and Why of an “Evoked” Response Extracting the Response’s Signal From Noise Background The Good, Bad, and Ugly—Optimizing Response Extraction From Background Noise and How Signal Processing May Become Too Much Heads Up: Interlude—And You Don’t Even Have To Raise Your Hand When You Hear the Beep 5. Evoking Responses of the Peripheral Auditory System First Sign Something’s Going On in There: An Acoustic Response of the Inner Ear Heads Up: Otoacoustic Emission Without Turning On Sound? Who Knew? CM, SP, and AP: Not Alphabet Soup and First Signs AEPs Are Afoot! Electrocochleography: How Do Electrical Signals Get From Hearing Organs to the “Outside” and What Good Are They? Heads Up: Intriguing ECochG App: Sensing Weakened Wall of Semicircular Canal What More Can Electrocochleography Teach, Including About What to Expect Later? 6. Evoking Responses of the Central Auditory System:Testing the Brainstem Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential: General Interpretation—Its Nature and Peripheral Versus Central Systems Aspects Heads Up: Binaural Interaction in Auditory Brainstem Potentials Brainstem Responses to Complex Stimuli—Frequency and Envelope Following Responses Heads Up: Speech-Evoked EFR and FFR Auditory Steady-State Response—80-Hz Response Evoked Potential Audiometry Using Auditory Brainstem Response/ Auditory Steady-State Response Measurements Differential Diagnostic Applications Double-Headers Up Heads Up: Differential Diagnostic Case Studies and the Challenge of Auditory Neuropathy Heads Up: Postauricular Muscle Response—Friend/Foe/Why Care? 7. Testing Midbrain and Cortical Projection Pathways Auditory Middle Latency Response and 40-Hz Auditory Steady-State Response—Signals En Route to the Cortex Why Evoked Response Audiometry (ERA) Using AMLR or 40-Hz ASSR Measures Differential Diagnostic Applications of AMLR Heads Up: BIC Update—Whither Beyond Pontine CANS 8. Cortical Level Testing Call Them Late, But They Were the First AEPs for Practical ERA—LLRs Why ERA Using Cortical Response Measurement Heads Up: A Case Spared Operative Treatment Thanks to Testing of Both Brainstem and Cortical AEPs Late-Late Shows in AEPdom—Beyond Obligatory Potentials: When Just Turning On the Same Stimulus Is Not Enough Double-Headers Up Heads Up: Peek at EEG Analyses Via Advanced Signal Processing Heads Up: The Change Potential—Sometimes What’s Later Tells More 9. Difficult-to-Test Patients—General Methods and Newborn Screening Screening Hearing Responses Versus Threshold Estimation and Estimating Audiometric Configuration Bone Conduction Testing—A Special Challenge, Yet Efficacious With Understanding Testing Patients Under Natural Sleep or Medically Induced Sedation/Unconsciousness Heads Up: Testing Patients Who “Exaggerate” Their Hearing Thresholds Testing Patients With Cochlear or Brainstem Implants 10. Testing Potentially Beyond Hearing-Related Yet of Interest in Audology the Profession Heads Up: Not Only Electric Fields, Magnetic Fields Too—Confirming Origins Quick Look at Intraoperative Neuromonitoring and Other Evoked Potentials Heads Up: A Case of Elective Surgery That Could Have Gone Badly Were It Not for IONM Whose Land Is This? Index