Environmental Toxicity of Nanomaterials

Description

"This book focuses on causes and prevention of environmental toxicity induced by various nanomaterials. It describes the basic principles, trends, challenges and future directions of nanoecotoxicity, and factors affecting toxicity of nanomaterials, various studies in nanoecotoxicity evaluation, and the safety and risk assessment of nanomaterials."--Provided by publisher. Abstract: "This book focuses on causes and prevention of environmental toxicity induced by various nanomaterials. It describes the basic principles, trends, challenges and future directions of nanoecotoxicity, and factors affecting toxicity of nanomaterials, various studies in nanoecotoxicity evaluation, and the safety and risk assessment of nanomaterials."--Provided by publisher Content: Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Editors Contributors Chapter 1: Toxic Effects of Nanomaterials on Environment 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Risk and Hazard of Exposure to Nanomaterials 1.3 Fate and Behavior of Nanomaterials in the Environment 1.3.1 Fate and Behavior of Nanomaterials in Air 1.3.2 Fate and Behavior of Nanomaterials in Water 1.3.3 Environmental Fate of Nanomaterials in Soil 1.4 Human Exposure 1.4.1 Exposure through Inhalation 1.4.2 Exposure through Dermal Deposition 1.4.3 Exposure through Ingestion 1.5 Bioaccumulation of Nanomaterials1.6 Effect of Nanomaterials on Agriculture and Food 1.7 Conclusion References Chapter 2: Nanotoxicity: Impact on Health and Environment 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Nanotoxicity Generated by Industrial Processes and Products 2.2.1 Textile Industry 2.2.2 Pharmaceuticals 2.2.3 Cosmetics 2.2.4 Electronics and Household Appliances 2.2.5 Construction 2.2.6 Automobiles 2.2.7 Pesticides 2.3 Nanomaterial-Induced Toxicity 2.3.1 Effects of Nanoparticles on Terrestrial Environment 2.3.2 Effect of Nanotoxicity on Aquatic Environment 2.3.3 Nanotoxicity Risks within the Food Chain2.3.3.1 Nanoparticle Transfer within the Food Chain of Terrestrial System 2.3.3.2 Nanoparticle Transfer within the Food Chain of the Aquatic System 2.4 Mechanisms of Nanotoxicity 2.5 Nanotoxicity Risk Assessment 2.6 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 3: Nanotoxicological Evaluation in Marine Water Ecosystem: A Detailed Review 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Nanotoxicity and Marine Organisms 3.2.1 In Vivo Toxicity Testing of Nanomaterials in Marine Ecosystem 3.2.2 In Vitro Toxicity Testing of Nanomaterials in Marine Ecosystem 3.2.3 Mesocosms: Studying Marine Ecosystems in Stabilized Environments3.3 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 4: Interaction of Carbon Nanomaterials with Biological Matrices 4.1 Introduction to Nanotechnology and Toxicology 4.2 Carbon Nanotubes 4.2.1 Synthesis and Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes 4.2.2 Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes 4.2.3 Enzyme Immobilization and Application of Carbon Nanotubes 4.2.4 Cellular Uptake and Interaction with Complement System 4.2.5 Biomedical Applications of Carbon Nanotubes 4.2.5.1 Drug Delivery 4.2.5.2 Bone Tissue Regeneration and Engineering4.2.5.3 Carbon Nanotubes as Field Emitters and Composites 4.2.5.4 Gene Delivery 4.2.5.5 Biomedical Imaging 4.2.5.6 Photothermal Cancer Therapy 4.2.6 Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes 4.2.7 Interaction Studies with Biomolecules 4.3 Conclusion References Chapter 5: Interaction of Inorganic Nanoparticles with Biological Matrices 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Gold Nanoparticles 5.1.2 Silver Nanoparticles 5.1.3 Quantum Dots 5.1.4 Silica Nanoparticles 5.1.5 Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles 5.2 Biological Matrices