Physical Activity and the Abdominal Viscera.

Description

Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents List of tables Preface 1 Responses of liver to acute and chronic physical activity Introduction Acute hepatic responses to moderate endurance activity Hepatic responses to high-intensity and prolonged physical activity Chronic effects of moderate endurance activity Physical activity and functional activity of the liver Areas for further research Practical implications and conclusions 2 Physical activity and hepatic pathologies Introduction Physical activity and the metabolic syndrome Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Hepatic inflammation, fibrosis and cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver transplants Areas for further research Practical implications and conclusions 3 Effects of physical activity on the gallbladder and biliary tract in health and disease Introduction Prevalence and economic impact of biliary tract disorders Factors contributing to gallbladder disease Resting gallbladder function Acute effects of physical activity on the gallbladder Chronic effects of physical activity on the gallbladder Physical activity and chronic gallbladder disease Possible mechanisms of altered risk Physical activity and gallbladder cancer Areas for further research Practical implications and conclusions 4 Physical activity and kidney function in health and disease Introduction Physiological background Physical activity and renal blood flow Physical activity and glomerular filtration Physical activity and other aspects of renal physiology Exercise-induced proteinuria Clinical significance of resting microglobinuria Physical activity and microhaematuria Physical activity and acute and chronic renal failure Physical activity and end-stage renal disease Physical activity and renal transplantion Physical activity and the risk of renal cancer Physical activity and prevention of renal calculi Physical activity and endocrine functions of the kidney Areas for further research Practical implications and conclusions 5 Implications of a single kidney for the young athlete Introduction Current opinions on sport participation with a single kidney Risks of renal injury during sport and physical activity Factors modifying the inherent risk of sports-related renal injury Sports and physical activities with the greatest risk of renal injury Managing risks of renal trauma for the active child Areas for further research Practical implications and conclusions 6 Bladder function in health and disease: Physical activity and bladder control, haematuria and bladder cancer Introduction The problem of urinary incontinence Prevalence, economic impact and clinical evaluation of urinary incontinence Urinary incontinence in athletes Habitual physical activity and incontinence Patho-physiology and the treatment of incontinence Physical activity and haematuria Physical activity and bladder cancer Areas for further research Practical implications and conclusions 7 Physiology of the spleen at rest and during exercise Introduction Physical activity and the spleen in experimental animals Anatomy of the human spleen Physical activity and changes in volume of the human spleen Circulatory impact of changes in splenic dimensions during activity Response of the spleen to stressors other than physical activity Impact of physical activity upon splenic functions other than red cell storage Influence of splenic contraction upon calculations of changes in plasma volume Mechanism of changes in splenic volume Areas for further research Practical implications and conclusions 8 Physical activity and infectious mononucleosis Introduction Diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis Measuring splenic enlargement Splenic size in infectious mononucleosis Management of the athlete with an enlarged spleen Overall management of infectious mononucleosis Potential progression to chronic fatigue syndrome Areas for further research Practical implications and conclusions 9 Physical activity and sickle cell disease Introduction Physiology and pathology of sickle cell trait Impact of sickling upon physical performance and health Specific risks of physical activity with sickle cell trait Diagnostic approaches to sickle cell trait Potential for preventive measures Areas for further research Practical implications and conclusions 10 Physical activity, benign prostate hyperplasia and prostatitis Introduction Occupational activity and prostate hyperplasia Recreational activity and prostate hyperplasia Conclusions regarding benign prostate hyperplasia Physical activity and chronic prostatitis Areas for further research Practical implications and conclusions 11 Physical activity and prostate cancer Introduction Role of physical activity in preventing prostate cancer Occupational activity and risk of prostate cancer Leisure activities and risk of prostate cancer Possible mechanisms Conclusions regarding prostate cancer Side-effects of androgen deprivation therapy Countering the side-effects of androgen deprivation and prostate surgery Areas for further research Practical implications and conclusions Index