2017 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. |n Section I, |p Rules for Construction of Power Boilers

Description

Table of Contents List of Sections INTERPRETATIONS CODE CASES Foreword Statement of Policy on the Use of the Certification Mark and Code Authorization in Advertising Statement of Policy on the Use of ASME Marking to Identify Manufactured Items Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees 1 Introduction 2 Inquiry Format 3 Code Revisions or Additions 4 Code Cases 5 Code Interpretations 6 Submittals Personnel Preamble Summary of Changes List of Changes in Record Number Order Cross-Referencing and Stylistic Changes in the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Subparagraph Breakdowns/Nested Lists Hierarchy Footnotes Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees Cross-References Part PG General Requirements for all Methods of Construction General PG-1 Scope PG-2 Service Limitations PG-3 Referenced Standards PG-4 Units Materials PG-5 General PG-6 Plate PG-7 Forgings PG-8 Castings PG-9 Pipes, Tubes, and Pressure‐Containing Parts PG-10 Material Identified With or Produced to a Specification Not Permitted by This Section, and Material Not Fully Identified PG-11 Prefabricated or Preformed Pressure Parts Furnished Without a Certification Mark PG-12 Water Level Indicators and Connector Material PG-13 Stays PG-14 Rivets Design PG-16 General PG-17 Fabrication by a Combination of Methods PG-18 Design Validation by Proof Test PG-19 Cold Forming of Austenitic Materials PG-20 Cold Forming of Creep Strength Enhanced Ferritic Steels PG-21 Maximum Allowable Working Pressure PG-22 Loadings PG-23 Stress Values for Calculation Formulas PG-25 Quality Factors for Steel Castings PG-26 Weld Joint Strength Reduction Factor PG-27 Cylindrical Components Under Internal Pressure PG-28 Components Under External Pressure PG-29 Dished Heads PG-30 Stayed Dished Heads PG-31 Unstayed Flat Heads and Covers Openings and Compensation PG-32 Openings in Shells, Headers, and Dished Heads PG-33 Compensation Required for Openings in Shells and Dished Heads PG-34 Flanged‐in Openings in Formed Heads PG-35 Compensation Required for Openings in Flat Unstayed Heads and Flat Stayed Plates PG-36 Limits of Metal Available for Compensation PG-37 Strength of Compensation PG-38 Compensation for Multiple Openings PG-39 Methods of Attachment of Pipe and Nozzle Necks to Vessel Walls PG-42 General Requirements for Flanges, Pipe Fittings, and Valves PG-43 Nozzle Neck Thickness PG-44 Inspection Openings PG-46 Stayed Surfaces PG-47 Staybolts PG-48 Location of Staybolts PG-49 Dimensions of Staybolts PG-50 Drilled Holes Not Penetrating Through a Vessel Wall PG-52 Ligaments PG-53 Ligaments PG-55 Supports and Attachment Lugs PG-56 Loading on Structural Attachments Boiler External Piping and Boiler Proper Connections PG-58 Outlets and External Piping PG-59 Application Requirements for the Boiler Proper Design and Application PG-60 Design and Application Requirements for Miscellaneous Pipe, Valves, and Fittings PG-61 Feedwater Supply Overpressure Protection Requirements PG-67 Boiler PG-68 Superheater and Reheater PG-69 Certification of Capacity of Pressure Relief Valves PG-70 Capacity of Pressure Relief Valves PG-71 Mounting of Pressure Relief Valves PG-72 Operation of Pressure Relief Valves PG-73 Minimum Requirements for Pressure Relief Valves Fabrication PG-75 General PG-76 Cutting Plates and Other Stock PG-77 Material Identification PG-78 Repairs of Defects in Materials PG-79 Tube Holes and Ends PG-80 Permissible Out‐of‐Roundness of Cylindrical Shells PG-81 Tolerance for Formed Heads PG-82 Holes for Stays Inspection and Tests PG-90 General PG-91 Qualification of Inspectors PG-93 Examination and Repair of Flat Plate in Corner Joints PG-99 Hydrostatic Test Certification by Stamping and Data Reports PG-101 Heating Surface Computation PG-104 General PG-105 Certification Marks PG-106 Stamping of Boilers PG-107 Field Assembly PG-108 Stamping for Field‐Assembled Boilers PG-109 Stamping of Pressure Piping PG-110 Stamping of Boiler Pressure Relief Valves PG-111 Location of Stampings PG-112 Manufacturer’s Data Report Forms PG-113 Master Data Report Form Part PW Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Welding General PW-1 General Materials PW-5 General Design PW-8 General PW-9 Design of Welded Joints PW-10 Heat Treatment PW-11 Volumetric Examination of Welded Butt Joints PW-13 Head‐to‐Flange Requirements PW-14 Openings in or Adjacent to Welds PW-15 Welded Connections PW-16 Minimum Requirements for Attachment Welds PW-17 Forged Flat Heads With Integral Hubbed Flange PW-19 Welded‐In Stays Fabrication PW-26 General PW-27 Welding Processes PW-28 Welding Qualification and Weld Records PW-29 Base Metal Preparation PW-31 Assembly PW-33 Alignment Tolerance, Shells and Vessels (Including Pipe or Tube Used as a Shell) PW-34 Alignment, Tube and Pipe PW-35 Finished Longitudinal and Circumferential Joints PW-36 Miscellaneous Welding Requirements PW-38 Preheating PW-39 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment PW-40 Repair of Defects PW-41 Circumferential Joints in Pipes, Tubes, and Headers PW-42 Joints in Valves and Other Boiler Appurtenances PW-44 Fabrication Rules for Bimetallic Tubes When the Clad Strength Is Included Inspection and Tests PW-46 General PW-47 Check of Welding Procedure PW-48 Check of Welder and Welding Operator Performance Qualifications PW-49 Check of Heat Treatment Practice PW-50 Qualification of Nondestructive Examination Personnel PW-51 Radiographic Examination PW-52 Ultrasonic Examination PW-53 Test Plates PW-54 Hydrostatic Test Part PR Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Riveting General PR-1 Scope PR-2 Responsibility Materials PR-3 General Design PR-4 General PR-5 Strength of Plates PR-6 Strength of Rivets PR-7 Crushing/Compressive Strength of Plates PR-8 Joint Efficiency and the Thickness of Shells and Drums PR-9 Thickness of Buttstraps PR-10 Longitudinal Joints PR-11 Circumferential Joints PR-12 Transverse Pitch (Back Pitch) of Rows of Rivets PR-13 Preparation of Plate Edges for Calking PR-14 Edge Distance PR-15 Riveted Connections PR-16 Reinforcement of Openings PR-17 Reinforcing Shells of Watertube Boilers Fabrication PR-18 General PR-19 Welded Connections in Riveted Boilers PR-20 Buttstraps PR-21 Rivet Holes PR-22 Assembly of Joints PR-23 Riveting PR-24 Joint Tightness Inspection, Tests, and Data Reports PR-25 General PR-26 Hammer Test PR-27 Hydrostatic Test PR-28 Data Reports Part PB Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Brazing General PB-1 General Materials PB-5 General PB-6 Brazing Filler Metals PB-7 Fluxes and Atmospheres Design PB-8 General PB-9 Strength of Brazed Joints PB-10 Brazed Joint Efficiency PB-14 Application of Brazing Filler Metal PB-15 Permissible Types of Joints PB-16 Joint Clearance PB-17 Joint Brazing Procedure PB-18 Openings PB-19 Brazed Connections Fabrication PB-26 General PB-28 Qualification of Brazing Procedure PB-29 Qualification of Brazers and Brazing Operators PB-30 Cleaning of Surfaces to Be Brazed PB-31 Clearance Between Surfaces to Be Brazed PB-32 Postbrazing Operations PB-33 Repair of Defective Brazing Inspection and Tests PB-46 General PB-47 Check of Brazing Procedure PB-48 Brazer and Brazing Operator PB-49 Visual Examination PB-50 Exemptions Marking and Reports PB-51 General Part PL Requirements for Locomotive Boilers Introduction PL-1 General PL-2 Scope PL-3 Testing and Stamping Materials PL-5 General PL-6 In the Course of Preparation PL-7 Allowable Stress Values for Materials Design PL-17 General PL-18 Cylindrical Boiler Shell PL-20 Reinforcing and Doubling Plates on Unstayed Portions of the Boiler PL-21 Requirements for Domes of Locomotive Boilers PL-24 Flues PL-27 Stayed Surfaces PL-28 Mudring (Firebox Foundation Ring) PL-30 Staybolts PL-33 Crown Bars PL-36 Braces PL-39 Arch Tubes, Circulators, and Thermic Syphons PL-42 Water Gage Glasses and Water Columns PL-43 Boiler Blowoff Systems PL-45 Feedwater Supply PL-48 Dry Pipe PL-54 Pressure Relief Valves Part PA Alternative Rules for Boiler Construction PA-1 General PA-2 Code Boundaries and Interfaces PA-3 Design Specification and Design Report PA-4 Construction PA-4.1 PA-4.2 PA-5 Materials PA-6 Hydrostatic Test PA-7 Data Reports and Stamping PA-7.1 PA-7.2 Part PWT Requirements for Watertube Boilers General PWT-1 General Materials PWT-5 General Design PWT-8 General PWT-9 Tubes and Pipe PWT-11 Tube Connections PWT-12 Staybolting Box‐Type Headers and Waterlegs PWT-13 Staying Segment of Heads PWT-14 Firing Doors PWT-15 Access and Firing Doors Part PFT Requirements for Firetube Boilers General PFT-1 General Materials PFT-5 General Design PFT-8 General PFT-9 Thickness Requirements PFT-10 Shell Joints PFT-11 Attachment of Heads and Tubesheets PFT-12 Tubes Combustion Chambers PFT-13 Combustion Chamber Tubesheet PFT-14 General PFT-15 Plain Circular Furnaces PFT-17 Ring‐Reinforced Type PFT-18 Corrugated Furnaces PFT-19 Combined Plain Circular and Corrugated Type PFT-20 Attachment of Furnaces PFT-21 Fireboxes and Waterlegs Stayed Surfaces PFT-22 General PFT-23 Working Pressure for Stayed Curved Surfaces PFT-24 Staying Horizontal Return Tube Boilers PFT-25 Staying Segments of Heads PFT-26 Area Supported by Stay PFT-27 Maximum Spacing PFT-28 Staybolts and Stays PFT-29 Flexible Staybolts PFT-30 Crown Bars and Girder Stays PFT-31 Stay Tubes PFT-32 Stresses in Diagonal Stays Doors and Openings PFT-40 Welded Door Openings PFT-41 Openings in Wrapper Sheets PFT-42 Fireside Access Openings PFT-43 Requirements for Inspection Openings PFT-44 Opening Between Boiler and Pressure Relief Valve Domes PFT-45 Requirements for Domes Setting PFT-46 Method of Support Piping, Fittings, and Appliances PFT-47 Water Level Indicators PFT-48 Feed Piping PFT-49 Blowoff Piping Part PFH Optional Requirements for Feedwater Heater (When Located Within Scope of Section I Rules) PFH-1 PFH-1.1 PFH-1.2 PFH-1.3 PFH-1.4 PFH-1.5 PFH-1.6 Part PMB Requirements for Miniature Boilers General PMB-1 General PMB-2 Scope Materials PMB-5 General Design PMB-8 General PMB-9 Welding PMB-10 Washout Openings PMB-11 Feedwater Supply PMB-12 Blowoff PMB-13 Water Gages PMB-14 Fixtures and Fittings PMB-15 Pressure Relief Valves PMB-16 Steam Stop Valves PMB-17 Automatic Devices PMB-21 Hydrostatic Tests and Inspection Part PEB Requirements for Electric Boilers General PEB-1 General PEB-2 Scope PEB-3 Optional Requirements for the Boiler Pressure Vessel Materials PEB-5 General Design PEB-8 General PEB-9 Welding PEB-10 Inspection Openings PEB-11 Feedwater Supply PEB-12 Blowoff PEB-13 Water Level Indicators PEB-14 Pressure Gages PEB-15 Pressure Relief Valves PEB-16 Automatic Devices PEB-17 Hydrostatic Test PEB-18 Inspection and Stamping of Boilers PEB-19 Manufacturer’s Data Report for Electric Boilers Part PVG Requirements for Organic Fluid Vaporizers General PVG-1 General Materials PVG-5 General Design PVG-8 General PVG-9 General Requirements PVG-10 Gage Glasses PVG-11 Drain Valves PVG-12 Pressure Relief Valves Part PFE Requirements for Feedwater Economizers PFE-1 General PFE-2 Design PFE-2.1 PFE-2.2 PFE-3 Pressure Relief PFE-3.1 PFE-3.2 PFE-3.3 PFE-4 Materials Part PTFH Requirements for Liquid Phase Thermal Fluid Heaters General PTFH-1 General PTFH-2 Scope PTFH-3 Thermal Fluids Materials PTFH-5 General Design PTFH-8 General Requirements PTFH-9 Appurtenances and External Piping PTFH-10 Provisions for Thermal Expansion of the Heat Transfer Medium PTFH-11 Instrumentation PTFH-12 Overpressure Protection PTFH-13 Temperature-Limiting Controls Part PHRSG Requirements for Heat Recovery Steam Generators PHRSG-1 General PHRSG-2 Scope PHRSG-3 Requirements for Superheater and Reheater Condensate Removal Connections PHRSG-3.1 PHRSG-3.2 PHRSG-3.3 PHRSG-3.4 PHRSG-3.5 PHRSG-4 Desuperheater Drain Pots PHRSG-5 Certification Mandatory Appendices Mandatory Appendix II Standard Units for Use in Equations Mandatory Appendix III Criteria for Reapplication of a Certification Mark III-1 Introduction III-2 Conditions III-3 Rules Mandatory Appendix IV Local Thin Areas in Cylindrical Shells and in Spherical Segments of Heads IV-1 Scope IV-2 Cylindrical Shells IV-3 Spherical Segments of Heads Mandatory Appendix V Additional Rules for Boilers Fabricated by Riveting V-1 Scope V-2 Fireboxes, Combustion Chambers, AND Furnaces V-2.1 General V-2.2 Plain Circular Furnaces V-2.3 Ring-Reinforced Type V-2.4 Corrugated Furnaces V-2.5 Combined Plain Circular and Corrugated Type V-2.6 Attachment of Furnaces V-2.7 Fireboxes and Waterlegs V-3 Design of Stay Pins and Riveted Stay Attachments V-4 Staying of Upper Segments of Tube Heads by Steel Structural Shapes V-5 Riveted Attachments V-6 Domes Mandatory Appendix VI Establishing Governing Code Editions, Addenda, and Cases for Boilers and Replacement Parts VI-1 General VI-2 Design VI-3 Materials VI-4 Fabrication VI-5 Examination VI-6 Inspection VI-7 Testing VI-8 Overpressure Protection VI-9 Field Assembly VI-10 Certification Nonmandatory Appendices Nonmandatory Appendix A Explanation of the Code Containing Matter Not Mandatory Unless Specifically Referred to in the Rules of the Code Efficiency of Joints A-1 Efficiency of Riveted Joints A-2 Single-Riveted Lap Joint A-3 Double-Riveted Lap Joint A-4 Double-Riveted Buttstrap and Double-Strap Joint A-5 Triple-Riveted Buttstrap and Double-Strap Joint A-6 Quadruple-Riveted Buttstrap and Double-Strap Joint Braced and Stayed Surfaces A-8 Method of Checking Pressure Relief Valve Capacity by Measuring Maximum Amount of Fuel That Can Be Burned A-12 A-13 Example 1 A-14 Example 2 A-15 Example 3 A-16 Example 4 A-17 Automatic Water Gages A-18 Fusible Plugs A-19 A-20 A-21 Proof Tests to Establish Maximum Allowable Working Pressure A-22 A-24 Table PG‐23.1 A-25 Table PG‐23.2 A-26 Table PG‐23.3 A-27 Table PG‐23.4 A-28 Figures G and CS‐1 Through CS‐6 Suggested Rules Covering Existing Installations A-30 Pressure Relief Valves for Power Boilers A-44 A-45 A-46 A-48 A-63 A-64 Repairs to Existing Boilers Examples of Methods of Computation of Openings in Vessel Shells A-65 A-66 A-67 A-68 A-69 A-70 Examples of Computation of Allowable Loading on Structural Attachments to Tubes A-71 A-72 A-73 A-74 Computations of Typical Nozzle Fittings Attached by Rivets A-75 Example Preheating A-100 A-101 Heating and Cooling Rates for Postweld Heat Treatment Rounded Indication Charts A-250 Acceptance Standard for Radiographically Determined Rounded Indications in Welds Methods for Magnetic Particle Examination (MT) A-260 Methods for Liquid Penetrant Examination (PT) A-270 Quality Control System A-301 General A-302 Outline of Features to be Included in the Written Description of the Quality Control System Acceptance of Testing Laboratories and Authorized Observers for Capacity Certification of Pressure Relief Valves A-311 Scope A-312 Test Facilities and Supervision A-313 Acceptance of Testing Facility A-314 Quality Control System of Testing Laboratory A-315 Testing Procedures A-316 Authorized Observers A-317 Cylindrical Components Under Internal Pressure Data Report Forms and Guides A-350 Guides for Completing Manufacturers’ Data Report Forms Codes, Standards, and Specifications Referenced in Text A-360 Referenced Standards Sample Calculations for External Pressure Design A-381 A-382 A-383 Guidance for the Use of U.S. Customary and SI Units in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code A-391 Use of Units in Equations A-392 Guidelines Used to Develop SI Equivalents A-393 Soft Conversion Factors Nonmandatory Appendix B Positive Material Identification Practice B-1 Introduction B-2 Definitions B-3 Scope B-4 Basis B-5 Materials B-6 Written Practice B-7 Method B-8 Acceptance Criteria B-8.1 B-8.2 B-8.3 B-8.4 B-9 Sampling Plan B-9.1 B-9.2 Exempt B-10 Documentation B-10.1 B-10.2 B-10.3 B-10.4 B-11 Identification Nonmandatory Appendix C Local Heating of Welds in Cylindrical Components of P-No. 15E Materials When Using Electric Resistance Heating C-1 Scope C-2 General C-3 Terminology for Local Heating C-4 Local Circumferential Band Heating C-4.1 Soak Band C-4.2 Heated Band C-4.3 Gradient Control Band C-4.4 Axial Temperature Gradient C-5 Measurement of Temperature C-5.1 Temperature-Indicating Crayons and Paints C-5.2 Selection of Thermocouples C-5.3 Installation of Thermocouples C-5.4 Control Thermocouples C-5.5 Monitoring Thermocouples C-6 Design of the Heating Process C-6.1 Preheat C-6.2 Postheating C-6.3 Postweld Heat Treatment C-6.4 Special Considerations C-7 The Thermal Cycle, PWHT C-8 Insulation C-9 Quality Assurance System C-9.1 Introduction C-9.2 Process Control C-9.3 Documentation C-9.4 Control of Inspection, Measuring, and Test Equipment C-9.5 Training C-9.6 Servicing C-10 Other Considerations Nonmandatory Appendix D Design Guidelines for Corrosion, Erosion, and Steam Oxidation of Boiler Tubes D-1 Introduction D-2 Corrosion — Fireside of Waterwall Boiler Tubes D-2.1 Influence of Chlorine on Furnace-Wall Corrosion D-2.2 Effect of NOx Emission Control Technology D-2.3 Acid Dew-Point Corrosion D-2.4 Corrosion — Fireside of Reheater and Superheater Tubes D-2.5 Steam-Side Oxidation D-3 Ash-Particle Impact Erosion Nonmandatory Appendix E Alternative Method for Ultrasonic Examination E-1 Introduction E-2 Examination Volume E-3 Demonstration Standard E-4 Procedure Qualification E-5 Initial Examination E-6 Personnel Qualification E-7 Flaw Sizing E-8 Flaw Evaluation and Acceptance Criteria Figures PG-28 Maximum Internal Projection of Welded Access or Inspection Openings PG-31 Some Acceptable Types of Unstayed Flat Heads and Covers PG-33.1 Nomenclature and Equations for Reinforced Openings PG-33.2 Some Representative Configurations Describing the Dimensions te, h, and d PG-33.3 Chart for Determining Value of F PG-38.1-1 Example of Two Openings Spaced With Limits of Reinforcement Overlapping PG-38.2-1 Example of More Than Two Openings Spaced With Limits of Reinforcement Overlapping PG-38.4-1 Illustrations of the Rule Given in PG-38.4 PG-42.1 Welding End Transitions Maximum Envelope PG-46.2 Acceptable Proportions for Ends of Through‐Stays PG-52.1 Diagram for Determining the Efficiency of Longitudinal and Diagonal Ligaments Between Openings in Cylindrical Shells PG-52.2 Example of Tube Spacing With Pitch of Holes Equal in Every Row PG-52.3 Example of Tube Spacing With Pitch of Holes Unequal in Every Second Row PG-52.4 Example of Tube Spacing With Pitch of Holes Varying in Every Second and Third Row PG-52.5 Example of Tube Spacing With Tube Holes on Diagonal Lines PG-53.3 Diagram for Determining Equivalent Longitudinal Efficiency of Diagonal Ligaments Between Openings in Cylindrical Shells PG-56.1.2 Method of Computation of Attachments to Tubes PG-56.2 Chart for Determining Load Factor, Lf PG-58.3.1(a) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — Drum‐Type Boilers PG-58.3.1(b) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — Isolable Economizers Located in Feedwater Piping and Isolable Superheaters in Main Steam Piping PG-58.3.1(c) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — Reheaters and Nonintegral Separately Fired Superheaters PG-58.3.2 Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — An Example of Forced‐Flow Steam Generators With No Fixed Steam or Waterline PG-58.3.3 Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — An Example of Steam Separator Type Forced-Flow Steam Generators With No Fixed Steam or Waterline PG-59.1 Typical Boiler Bushings PG-60.3.7 Y‐Type Globe Valve PG-60.3.9 Typical Arrangement of Steam and Water Connections for a Water Column PG-67.4 Requirements for Overpressure Protection Forced‐Flow Steam Generator PG-80 Maximum Permissible Deviation From a Circular Form, e, for Cylindrical Parts Under External Pressure PG-105.1 Official Certification Mark to Denote the American Society of Mechanical Engineers’ Standard for Boilers PG-106 Form of Stamping PW-9.3.1 Butt Welding of Plates of Unequal Thickness PW-9.3.3 Heads Attached to Shells PW-9.4 Prohibited Welded Joint PW-15 Examples of Weld Strength Calculations PW-16.1 Some Acceptable Types of Welded Nozzles and Other Connections to Shells, Drums, and Headers PW-16.2 Some Acceptable Forms of Welds for Lugs, Hangers, and Brackets on Shells, Drums, and Headers PW-16.8 Some Acceptable Designs for Partial-Penetration-Weld-Type Nozzles and Other Connections Designed for 900°F (480°C) or Higher Service PW-17-1 Forged Flat Head With Integral Butt-Welded Hubbed Flange PW-19.4(a) Some Acceptable Types of Diagonal Braces for Installation by Welding PW-19.4(b) Unacceptable Types of Diagonal Braces for Installation by Welding PW-53.1 Test Specimens From Longitudinal Welded Test Plates PW-53.2 Method of Forming Longitudinal Test Plates PW-53.3(a) Details of Tension Test Specimens PW-53.3(b) Details of Bend Test Specimens PR-13-1 Typical Plate Edge Beveled for Sealing by Calking in a Riveted Joint PR-15.4-1 Location of Seams in Inside and Outside Calking Boundaries PR-17.2-1 Boundary of Reinforcing Plate on Outside and Inside of Drum PR-20.2-1 Allowable Welding of Plate Edges at Ends of Buttstraps PB-15 Some Acceptable Types of Brazed Joints PL-2.2-1 Steam Locomotive Boiler With Dome Throttle PL-2.2-2 Steam Locomotive Boiler With Front-End Throttle PL-20.4.1-1 Round Riveted Plate PL-20.4.2-1 Diamond Riveted Plate PL-20.5-1 Manhole Frame PL-21.4.1-1 Steam Dome Top Flange PL-27.5-1 Examples of Doubler Attachment Methods PL-27.6.3-1 Double-Riveted Lap Seam in Stayed Area PL-27.6.3-2 Double-Fillet-Welded Lap Seam in Stayed Area PL-27.7-1 Upper Corner of Firebox PL-28.2-1 Some Examples of Acceptable Mudring Construction PL-30.4.2-1 Fillet-Welded Staybolts PL-33-1 Example of Crown Bar Installation PL-36.2.1-1 Support Perimeters PL-36.5-1 Typical Forms of Diagonal Braces PL-36.7-1 Typical Forms of Gusset Braces PL-36.9-1 Tee Iron PL-36.9-2 Tee-Iron Support Area PL-39.1-1 Arch Tubes PL-39.2.1-1 Circulators PL-39.2.1-2 Circulator Attachment Section Views PL-39.3-1 Example of Thermic Syphon Installation PWT-11 Examples of Acceptable Forms of Tube Attachment PFT-12.1 Some Acceptable Forms of Tube Attachment on Firetube Boilers PFT-17.2 Acceptable Type of Ring‐Reinforced Furnace PFT-18.1 Morison Furnace PFT-19 Connection Between Plain and Corrugated Furnace PFT-20 Welding Ogee Ring PFT-21 Some Acceptable Methods of Forming Waterleg Joints by Welding PFT-23.1 Stayed Wrapper Sheet of Locomotive‐Type Boiler PFT-25 Example of Staying of Heads Adjacent to Cylindrical Furnaces PFT-27 Pitch of Staybolts Adjacent to Upper Corners of Fireboxes PFT-32 Measurements for Determining Stresses in Diagonal Stays PFT-46.1 Spacing and Weld Details for Wall‐Support Lugs Set in Pairs on Horizontal‐Return Tubular Boilers PFT-46.2 Welded Bracket Connection for Horizontal‐Return Tubular Boilers PVG-12 Constant, C, for Vapor Related to Ratio of Specific Heats (k = cp/cv) PTFH-9.1-1 Liquid Phase Thermal Fluid Heater: External Piping PHRSG-4 Some Acceptable Desuperheater Spraywater Protection Device Arrangements IV-2-1 Symbols IV-3-1 Blend Requirements IV-3-2 IV-3-3 IV-3-4 IV-3-5 V-2.2-1 Riveted Circumferential Joint for Circular Furnace Plates Over 5/8 in. (16 mm) V-2.2-2 Proper Location of Staybolts Adjacent to Longitudinal Joint in Furnace Sheet V-4-1 Staying of Head With Steel Angles in Tubular Boiler V-5-1 Method of Riveting Manhole Frames to Shells or Drums With Two Rows of Rivets A-2-1 Single-Riveted Lap Joint, Longitudinal or Circumferential A-3-1 Double-Riveted Lap Joint, Longitudinal or Circumferential A-4-1 Double-Riveted Buttstrap and Double-Strap Joint A-5-1 Triple-Riveted Buttstrap and Double-Strap Joint A-6-1 Quadruple-Riveted Buttstrap and Double-Strap Joint A-6-2 Joints That May Be Used to Avoid Eccentric Stresses A-8 Detail Illustrations Showing Application of PG-48 and PFT-27 to the Staying of Boilers A-19 Typical Forms of Fusible Plugs A-66 Example for Typical Nozzle Computations A-67 Example for Typical Nozzle Computations A-68 Example for Typical Nozzle Computations A-69 Example for Typical Nozzle Computations A-70.1 Example for Typical Nozzle Computations A-70.2 Example for Typical Nozzle Computations A-71 Structural Attachment With Radial Load A-72 Structural Attachment With Eccentric Load A-73 Structural Attachment With Moment Load A-74 Structural Attachment on Tube Bend A-75-1 Example of Nozzle Attached by Riveting A-250.3.4-1 Aligned Rounded Indications A-250.3.4-2 Groups of Aligned Rounded Indications A-250.3.6-1 Charts for t 1/8 in. (3 mm) to 1/4 in. (6 mm), Inclusive A-250.3.6-2 Charts for t Over 1/4 in. (6 mm) to 3/8 in. (10 mm), Inclusive A-250.3.6-3 Charts for t Over 3/8 in. (10 mm) to 3/4 in. (19 mm), Inclusive A-250.3.6-4 Charts for t Over 3/4 in. (19 mm) to 2 in. (50 mm), Inclusive A-250.3.6-5 Charts for t Over 2 in. (50 mm) to 4 in. (100 mm), Inclusive A-250.3.6-6 Charts for t Over 4 in. (100 mm) A-370 Sample Certificate of Authorization C-3-1 Definitions of Terms for Local Circumferential Band Heating of Pipe Weld C-3-2 Definitions of Terms for Local Circumferential Band With Branch Connection to Pipe Attachment Weld C-5.3-1 Schematic Representation of Equipment Used to Directly Attach Thermocouples by Capacitor Discharge Welding C-6.3.4-1 Location of Thermocouples (Monitoring and Control) for Pipe Sizes Up to 6 NPS (150 DN) and One Control Zone C-6.3.4-2 Location of Thermocouples (Monitoring and Control) for Pipe Sizes 8 NPS Through 12 NPS (200 DN Through 300 DN) and Two Control Zones C-6.3.4-3 Location of Thermocouples (Monitoring and Control) for Pipe Sizes 14 NPS Through 30 NPS (350 DN Through 750 DN) and Four Control Zones C-6.3.4-4 Location of Monitoring Thermocouples for Branch Nozzle or Attachment C-6.4.5-1 Example of One Approach When the Heated Band from Weld Requiring PWHT Intersects Weld Not Requiring PWHT E-7-1 Single Indications E-7-2 Multiple Planar Flaws Oriented in Plane Normal to Pressure-Retaining Surface E-7-3 Surface and Subsurface Flaws E-7-4 Nonaligned Coplanar Flaws in Plane Normal to Pressure-Retaining Surface (Illustrative Flaw Configurations) E-7-5 Multiple Aligned Planar Flaws Tables PG-19 Post Cold‐Forming Strain Limits and Heat‐Treatment Requirements for Austenitic Materials and Nickel-Based Alloys PG-20 Post Cold‐Forming Strain Limits and Heat‐Treatment Requirements PG-26 Weld Strength Reduction Factors to Be Applied When Calculating Maximum Allowable Working Pressure or Minimum Required Thickness of Components Fabricated With a Longitudinal Seam Weld PG-39 Minimum Number of Threads Per Connection PG-56.2 Tube Attachment Angle Design Factor, K PG-67.5 Supercritical Correction Factor, Ksc PG-67.5M Supercritical Correction Factor, Ksc PG-68.7 Superheat Correction Factor, Ksh PG-68.7M Superheat Correction Factor, Ksh PW-11 Required Volumetric Examination of Welded Butt Joints PW-33 Alignment Tolerance of Sections to Be Butt Welded PW-39-1 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 1 PW-39-2 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 3 PW-39-3 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 4 PW-39-4 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 5A PW-39-5 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 15E PW-39-6 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 6 PW-39-7 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 7 PW-39-8 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 8 PW-39-9 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 10H PW-39-10 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 10I PW-39-11 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 31 PW-39-12 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 43 PW-39-13 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 45 PW-39-14 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Attachments — P-No. 51 PW-39.1 Alternate Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels PR-9-1 Minimum Thickness of Buttstraps PR-15.3-1 Allowable Stress on Rivets in Tension PB-1 Maximum Design Temperatures for Brazing Filler Metal PB-16 Recommended Joint Clearance at Brazing Temperature PL-21.3.4-1 Thickness of Riveted Reinforcing Rings for Dome Openings PL-24.1-1 Maximum Allowable Working Pressure for Steel Flues for Firetube Locomotive Boilers PL-28.4-1 Radii for Firebox Mudrings PL-30.4.5-1 Fillet-Welded Staybolt: Examples of Nominal Dimensions Permitted ±0.02 in. (±0.5 mm) PHRSG-4 Minimum Drain Pot Size II-1 Standard Units for Use in Equations Guide for Completing the Certificate of Conformance for Reapplication of the Certification Mark V-4-1 Sizes of Angles Required for Staying Segments of Heads A-44 Guide for Estimating Steaming Capacity Based on Heating Surface A-75-1 A-250.3.2 Maximum Permissible Size of Rounded Indication A-351 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report, Form P-2 A-351.1 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report, Form P-2A A-351.2 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report, Form P-2B A-352 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report, Form P-3 A-353 Guide for Completing Engineering-Contractor Data Report for a Complete Boiler Unit, Form P-3A A-354 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Partial Data Report, Form P-4 A-354.1 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report, Form P-4A A-354.2 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report, Form P-4B A-355 Guide for Completing Summary Data Report for Process Steam Generators, Form P-5 A-356 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report for Pressure Relief Valves, Form P-7 A-357 Guide to Data Report Forms Distribution A-358 Guide for the Preparation of Manufacturer’s or Assembler’s Certificate of Conformance, Form P-8 A-359 Guide for Completing Manufacturer’s Data Report for Locomotive Boilers, Form PL-1 A-360 Codes, Standards, and Specifications Referenced in Text A-370 Guide to Information Appearing on Certificate of Authorization B-1 Identification Elements C-4-1 Minimum Requirements for Soak Band Width, Heated Band Width, and Gradient Control Band Width for Local Circumferential Band PWHT of Circumferential Welds in Cylindrical Components in the Horizontal Position C-4-2 Minimum Heated Band Width for Preheating and Postheating C-6.3.2-1 Control Zones E-3-1 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for 1/2 in. (13 mm) To Less than 1 in. (25 mm) Thick Weld E-3-2 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for 1 in. (25 mm) To 12 in. (300 mm) Thick Weld E-3-3 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for Larger Than 12 in. (300 mm) Thick Weld Forms III-1A Certificate of Conformance for Reapplication of the Certification Mark P-2 Manufacturer’s Data Report for All Types of Boilers Except Watertube and Electric P-2A Manufacturer’s Data Report for All Types of Electric Boilers P-2B Manufacturer’s Data Report for Electric Superheaters and Reheaters P-3 Manufacturer’s Data Report for Watertube Boilers, Superheaters, Waterwalls, and Economizers P-3A Engineering-Contractor Data Report for a Complete Boiler Unit P-4 Manufacturer’s Partial Data Report P-4A Manufacturer’s Data Report for Fabricated Piping P-4B Manufacturer’s Data Report for Field Installed Mechanically Assembled Piping P-5 Summary Data Report for Process Steam Generators P-6 Manufacturer’s Data Report Supplementary Sheet P-7 Manufacturer’s Data Report for Pressure Relief Valves P-8 Manufacturer’s or Assembler’s Certificate of Conformance for Pressure Relief Valves PL-1 Manufacturer’s Data Report for Locomotive Boilers C-9.2-1 Standard Procedure for Local Heating C-9.3-1 Standard Documentation Checklist for Local Heating Endnotes