Mimicked Tissue Engineering Scaffolds for Maxillofacial and Articular Cartilage Surgery

Description

This book outlines the latest research on the design and fabrication of the biomaterials used in mimicked scaffolds for tissue engineering for maxillofacial and orthopedic applications. The book is written based on integration and optimized concepts of 3 main parts 1) principle of tissue engineering; 2) mimicking of structure and function of scaffolds which is similar to extracellular matrix (ECM); and 3) mimicked scaffolds for tissue engineering in maxillofacial and orthopedic surgery. The content of this book which is interdisciplinary in nature caters to medical product designers, materials scientists and engineers, biologists, and surgeons who have interest in the field of bone tissue engineering.  Contents About the Author 1 Introduction 1.1 Tissue Engineering 1.1.1 Cells 1.1.2 Growth Factors 1.1.3 Extracellular Matrix 1.2 Mimicking for Tissue Engineering 1.2.1 Mimicked Structure in Scaffolds 1.2.2 Mimicked Function in Scaffolds 1.3 Mimicked Scaffolds in Maxillofacial 1.4 Mimicked Scaffolds in Articular Cartilage Surgery References 2 Principles of Tissue Engineering 2.1 Cells and Their Function 2.2 Growth Factors and Their Function 2.3 Extracellular Matrix and Its Function 2.4 Application of Cells in Tissue Engineering 2.5 Application of Growth Factors in Tissue Engineering 2.6 Application of Extracellular Matrix in Tissue Engineering References 3 Mimicking in Tissue Engineering 3.1 Mimicking in Cell Manipulation 3.2 Mimicking in the Design of Growth Factors 3.3 Mimicking in the Design of Extracellular Matrix 3.4 Mimicking in the Design of the Microenvironment References 4 Mimicked Molecular Structures in Scaffolds 4.1 Mimicked Molecular Structure of ECM in Scaffolds 4.1.1 Mimicked Amino Acid Motifs and the Molecular Chain of Proteins 4.1.2 Mimicked Self-Organization of the Assembled Collagen 4.1.3 Mimicked Self-Organization of Assembled Collagen with Mineralization 4.1.4 Mimicked Self-Organization of Assembled Collagen with Biological Molecules 4.2 Mimicked Self-Organization, Based on Synthetic Molecules 4.3 Molecular Modification in Mimicked Molecular Structures 4.4 Chemical Treatment for Mimicked Molecular Structures References 5 Mimicked Morphology and Geography in Scaffolds 5.1 Fabrication of Mimicked Morphological Structures in Scaffolds 5.1.1 Freeze Drying 5.1.2 Particle Leaching 5.1.3 Particle Leaching with Freeze Drying 5.1.4 Three Dimensional (3D) Printing 5.1.5 Solution Casting 5.1.6 Electro-Spinning 5.2 Construction of Mimicked Geometrical Structure in Scaffolds 5.2.1 Construction of Hydrogel, with Porous Scaffolds, into Biphasic Scaffolds 5.2.2 Construction of 2D with 3D Scaffolds into Biphasic Scaffolds References 6 Mimicked Physical and Mechanical Functions in Scaffolds 6.1 Mimicking of Physical Function in Scaffolds 6.2 Mimicking of Mechanical Function in Scaffolds 6.3 Approaches in Mimicking of Physical and Mechanical Function 6.3.1 Physical Approach for Molecular Organization in Mimicking 6.3.2 Chemical Approaches for Molecular Organization in Mimicking References 7 Mimicked Biological Function of Scaffolds 7.1 Mimicking of the Biological Function in Scaffolds 7.1.1 Mimicking of Degradation During Tissue Formation 7.1.2 Mimicking of Bioactivity for Enhancement of Tissue Formation 7.2 Physical Approach in Mimicked Biological Function on Scaffolds 7.2.1 Physical Approach with an Irregular Formation of Molecules 7.2.2 Physical Approach with Regular Formation of Molecules 7.3 Chemical Approach in Mimicked Biological Function on Scaffolds 7.3.1 Surface Immobilization in Mimicked Biological Function on Scaffolds 7.3.2 Molecular Grafting or Conjugation in Mimicked Biological Function of Scaffolds 7.4 Design of Mimicked Biological Function in Scaffolds References 8 Mimicked 3D Scaffolds for Maxillofacial Surgery 8.1 3D Scaffolds for Maxillofacial Surgery 8.1.1 3D Scaffolds for Bone Resorption at Mandible 8.1.2 3D Scaffolds for Alveolar Cleft Lip and Palate 8.2 Mimicked 3D Scaffolds for Maxillofacial Defects 8.2.1 Mimicked Molecular Structural 3D Scaffolds 8.2.2 Mimicked Morphologically Structural 3D Scaffolds 8.2.3 Mimicked Geographically Structural 3D Scaffolds 8.2.4 Mimicked Physical and Mechanical 3D Scaffolds 8.2.5 Mimicked Biochemical and Biological 3D Scaffolds References 9 Mimicked 2D Scaffolds for Maxillofacial Surgery 9.1 2D Scaffolds for Maxillofacial Surgery 9.1.1 2D Scaffolds for Guided Bone Regeneration 9.1.2 2D Scaffolds for Alveolar Cleft Lip and Palate 9.2 Mimicked 2D Scaffolds for Maxillofacial Surgery 9.2.1 Structural Mimicking in Scaffolds 9.2.2 Mimicked Function in Scaffolds References 10 Mimicked Hydrogel Scaffolds for Articular Cartilage Surgery 10.1 Hydrogel Scaffolds for Articular Cartilage Surgery 10.2 Mimicked Hydrogels for Articular Cartilage Surgery 10.2.1 Mimicked Structure of Microenvironments for Hydrogel 10.2.2 Mimicked Function of Microenvironments for Hydrogel 10.3 Fabrication in Mimicked Hydrogels 10.4 Modification in Mimicked Hydrogels 10.4.1 Conjugation of Enzyme Degradable Domains in Mimicked Hydrogels 10.4.2 Incorporation of Biological Signals in Mimicked Hydrogels References 11 Mimicked 3D Scaffolds for Articular Cartilage Surgery 11.1 3D Scaffolds for Cartilage Defect Without Bone Tissue 11.2 3D Scaffolds for Cartilage with Bone Defects 11.3 Mimicked 3D Scaffolds for Articular Cartilage Surgery 11.3.1 Mimicking in Structure of Cartilage Tissue 11.3.2 Mimicking in Function of Cartilage Tissue 11.4 Construction of Mimicked 3D Scaffolds 11.5 Modification in Mimicked 3D Scaffolds References 12 Mimicked 2D Scaffolds in Articular Cartilage Surgery 12.1 2D Scaffolds for Supporting Articular Cartilage Surgery 12.2 Mimicked 2D Scaffolds for Articular Cartilage Surgery 12.3 Fabrication in Mimicked 2D Scaffolds 12.4 Modifications in Mimicked 2D Scaffolds References