Petun to Wyandot: The Ontario Petun from the Sixteenth Century

Description

Charles Garrad’s unique work resurrects the memory of the Petun and traces their route from their creation myth to their living descendants scattered from southwestern Ontario to Kansas and Oklahoma. COVER © Copyright ABSTRACT RÉSUMÉ Table of Contents Editors’ Foreword Foreword Dedication Acknowledgements and Thanks Chapter 1: Background Information 1.0 Overview 1.1 Knowing Less 1.2 The Method Followed 1.3 Some Basic Concepts and Understandings Chapter 2: Locating the Petun Country 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Physical Geography 2.2 Maps Showing the Petun Country 2.3 Primary Source Maps 2.4 Secondary Source Maps 2.5 Crossing the Nottawasaga River 2.6 Distance and Directional Information to the Petun Country 2.7 Ekarenniondi as a Territory and as Lake Huron 2.8 Trails through the Petun Country 2.9 The Routes from the Petun Country to the Neutrals 2.10 Conclusions Chapter 3: The Origins of the Petun 3.0 Searching for the Origins of the Petun 3.1 Wyandot Creation Myth 3.2 Iroquois Creation and Confederacy Founding Myths Related to the Petun 3.3 Later History: Directions of Mythological and Possible Ancient Origins 3.4 The Historical Approach 3.5 The Anthropological Approach 3.6 The Archaeological Approach 3.7 On the Origins of the Petun Chapter 4: French Sources 4.0 Explorers, Traders and Truchements 4.1 Samuel de Champlain 4.2 Truchements (Interpreters) 4.3 The Missionaries Chapter 5: The Mission of the Apostles to the Petun, 1639-1650 5.0 A Clash of Beliefs 5.1 The Founding of the Mission of the Apostles to the Khionontateronons (see Figure 5.1) 5.2 The Mission of the Apostles 1639-1640 5.3 The Mission of the Apostles 1640-1641 5.4 The Mission of the Apostles 1641-1642 5.5 The Mission of the Apostles 1642-1645 5.6 The Mission of the Apostles 1646-1648 5.7 The Mission of the Apostles 1649 5.8 The Closing of the Mission of the Apostles Chapter 6: Using Native Artifacts to Interpret Petun Sites 6.0 Introduction 6.1 Using Native Pottery 6.2 Petun Origins and Distant Relationships 6.3 Using Native Clay Smoking Pipe Bowls (Figures 6.1 and 6.2) 6.4 Using Chert Types 6.5 Using Shamanic Artifacts 6.6 Using Marine Shell 6.7 Site Sequences and Pottery Coefficients 6.8 Four Problems in Further Dating Petun Sites 6.9 Site Dating Information from Native Artifacts Summarised by Artifact Type and GBP 6.10 Site Dating Information from Native Artifacts Summarised (Table 6.17) Chapter 7: Using European Artifacts to Interpret Petun Sites 7.0 Introduction 7.1 Using Glass Trade Beads 7.2 Using European Brass and Copper 7.3 Using Iron Trade Knives 7.4 Using Iron Trade Axes 7.5 Using Swords 7.6 Using Guns 7.7 Using Brass Bezelled Finger Rings 7.8 Using Other French Imported Goods 7.9 Dating the European Artifacts and the Sites 7.10 Observations on 7.7 through 7.9 7.11 Site Dating Information from European Artifacts Summarised by Artifact Type and GBP (Table 7.13) 7.12 Observations on Table 7.14 Chapter 8: Petun Subsistence and Economy 8.0 Introduction 8.1 The Little Ice Age 8.2 Diet and Tobacco 8.3 Petun Forest Environment Indicated by Recovered Charred Wood 8.4 The Petun Use of Faunal Resources 8.5 Conclusions and Possibilities Chapter 9: Petun Village and Camp Sites Interpreted 9.0 Introduction 9.1 The Ontario Archaeological Sequence and the Petun Country 9.2 A Partial Inventory of Pre-Petun and Petun Village and Camp Remains in the Petun Country from Late Middleport to Dispersal 9.3 The Arrival of the French: The Villages Visited by Champlain in 1616 9.4 The Villages of the Mission of the Apostles 1639-1641 (Figure 5.1) 9.5 The Village Attacked by the Iroquois 1640 9.6 The Villages of the Resumed Mission of the Apostles 1646-1650 (Figure 5.1) 9.7 The Village Attacked by the Iroquois 1647 and 1649 9.8 The Villages of the Dispersal 1650 9.9 Evident Village Removal Sequences 9.10 The Petun Sequence 9.11 A Final Observation Chapter 10: The Petun and their Neighbours 10.0 Introduction 10.1 Social Aspects of Petun Culture 10.2 Petun Culture and External Relations Chapter 11: After the Dispersal 11.0 Introduction 11.1 Semantic Issues, When Did the Petun become the Wyandot 11.2 The “Huron” Component of the Western Wyandots 11.3 The Subsequent Route of the Western Wyandots (Petun-Wyandots) (Figure 11.1) 11.4 The Petuns and Neutrals at Detroit 1651-1652 11.5 Neutral Country, Detroit and Michilimackinac (1650-1652) 11.6 A,otonatendïa, Rock Island and Green Bay (ca. 1652-ca. 1661) 11.7 Méchingen/Wisconsin/Mississippi/Minnesota/Black River (ca. 1654‑1660) 11.8 Chequamegon/La Pointe/St. Esprit (1660-1671) 11.9 Michilimackinac/St. Ignace (1671-1701/3) 11.10 St. Joseph River 1695 11.11 Detroit and Michigan 1701-1843, and the Extension into Ohio 11.12 Windsor, Anderdon 1701-1892 11.13 Ohio 1701-1843 11.14 Indian Territory Kansas 1843-1855, and After 11.15 Indian Territory, Oklahoma, 1867-Present 11.16 Afterword Appendix A: Abbreviations Used for Pottery Type Names in the Petun Country Appendix B: Summaries of Petun Village Site Faunal Reports Appendix C: Linguistic Data Petun Language Names of some Pre-Dispersal Petun People Wyandot Personal Names The Rise of the Deer and the Title Sastaretsi after 1649 Names of Petun Places Petun Clans and Clan Names, Pre- and Post-Dispersal The Clans of the Pre-Dispersal Petun Appendix D: Petun Wampum Belts Overview Double Calumet Treaty Belt Peace-Path Belt The Jesuit Missionary Belt The Four-Nations Alliance Belt Discussion—On the Significance of the Belts Appendix E: Names for the Petun References Cited Index