Essentials of pharmacoeconomics

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Essentials of Pharmacoeconomics: SECOND EDITION Title Page Copyright Dedication Reviewers Preface Acknowledgments Contents PART I: BASIC TOPICS Chapter 1: Introduction PHARMACOECONOMICS—WHAT IS IT? WHY IS PHARMACOECONOMICS IMPORTANT? RELATIONSHIP OF PHARMACOECONOMICS TO OTHER RESEARCH TYPES OF PHARMACOECONOMIC STUDIES SUMMARY QUESTIONS/EXERCISES REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS Chapter 2: Measuring and Estimating Costs COSTING TERMS COST CATEGORIZATION ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF CATEGORIZATION PERSPECTIVE TIMING ADJUSTMENTS FOR COSTS RESOURCES FOR COST ESTIMATIONS SUMMARY QUESTIONS/EXERCISES REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS Chapter 3: Critiquing Research Articles APPROPRIATENESS OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS QUESTIONS TO USE WHEN CRITIQUING RESEARCH ARTICLES SUMMARY QUESTIONS/EXERCISES REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS Chapter 4: Cost-Minimization Analysis OVERVIEW SUMMARY COMPOSITE ARTICLE: CMA—ANTI-NAUSEA QUESTIONS/EXERCISES REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS Chapter 5: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis OVERVIEW PRESENTATION OF COSTS AND EFFECTIVENESS COST-EFFECTIVENESS GRID COST-EFFECTIVENESS PLANE INTERMEDIATE OUTCOMES VERSUS PRIMARY OUTCOMES EFFICACY VERSUS EFFECTIVENESS CONSENSUS AND DEBATE SUMMARY COMPOSITE ARTICLE 1: CEA—ASTHMA COMPOSITE ARTICLE 2: CEA—POST–MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION HEART FAILURE QUESTIONS/EXERCISES REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS Chapter 6: Cost-Utility Analysis OVERVIEW STEPS IN CALCULATING QALYS TRENDS IN CUA ANALYSES SUMMARY COMPOSITE ARTICLE 1: CUA—ONCOLOGY COMPOSITE ARTICLE 2: CUA—IMMUNOSUPPRESSION QUESTIONS/EXERCISES REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS Chapter 7: Cost-Benefit Analysis DEFINITION AND HISTORY ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS CONDUCTING A CBA DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COSTS AND BENEFITS MEASURING INDIRECT AND INTANGIBLE BENEFITS CALCULATING RESULTS OF COSTS AND BENEFITS SUMMARY COMPOSITE ARTICLE 1: CBA—VACCINATION COMPOSITE ARTICLE 2: CBA—ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE QUESTIONS/EXERCISES REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS Chapter 8: Health-Related Quality of Life: Health Status Measures DEFINITIONS HRQoL MEASURES VERSUS UTILITY MEASURES DOMAINS OF HEALTH STATUS ASSESSING HRQoL INSTRUMENTS PHARMACOECONOMICS AND HRQoL MEASURES PREFERENCE-BASED CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES SUMMARY COMPOSITE ARTICLE 1: HRQoL—RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS COMPOSITE ARTICLE 2: HRQoL—CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN QUESTIONS/EXERCISES REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS PART II: ADVANCED TOPICS Chapter 9: Decision Analysis WHAT IS DECISION ANALYSIS? STEPS IN DECISION ANALYSIS THRESHOLD ANALYSIS SUMMARY COMPOSITE ARTICLE 1: DECISION ANALYSIS—MIGRAINE COMPOSITE ARTICLE 2: DECISION ANALYSIS—ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION QUESTIONS/EXERCISES REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS Chapter 10: Markov Modeling OVERVIEW STEPS IN MARKOV MODELING DISADVANTAGES OF MARKOV MODELING ADVANCED ISSUES OTHER ADVANCED TOPICS SUMMARY COMPOSITE ARTICLE 1: MARKOV MODELING—INITIATION OF HIV THERAPY ANSWERS COMPOSITE ARTICLE 2: MARKOV MODELING—PHOSPHATE BINDERS ANSWERS QUESTIONS/EXERCISES REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS Chapter 11: Retrospective Databases OVERVIEW OF RETROSPECTIVE DATABASES RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED TRIALS OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RCTs ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES TYPES OF RETROSPECTIVE DATABASES INSURANCE AND CLAIMS RECORDS CRITIQUING RETROSPECTIVE DATABASE STUDIES SUMMARY COMPOSITE ARTICLE 1: RETROSPECTIVE DATABASE—COPD COMPOSITE ARTICLE 2: RETROSPECTIVE DATABASE—BISPHOSPHONATES QUESTIONS/EXERCISES REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS Chapter 12: Pharmacy Services WHAT ARE PHARMACY SERVICES? HISTORY OF PHARMACY SERVICES REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH ISSUES IN VALUING PHARMACY SERVICES MEDICARE MEDICATION THERAPY MANAGEMENT SUMMARY COMPOSITE ARTICLE: PHARMACY SERVICES QUESTIONS/EXERCISES REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS Chapter 13: International Perspective HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURES COMPARABILITY OF PHARMACOECONOMIC RESULTS BETWEEN COUNTRIES HISTORY OF PHARMACOECONOMIC GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT SUMMARY QUESTIONS/EXERCISES REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS Chapter 14: Future Issues APPLICATION OF PHARMACOECONOMICS IN THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL AGENCIES PRIVATE HEALTH CARE PLANS BARRIERS TO PHARMACOECONOMICS IN THE UNITED STATES OTHER FUTURE ISSUES SUMMARY QUESTIONS/EXERCISES REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS Glossary Index