Flexible Engineering Toward Green Aircraft: CAE Tools for Sustainable Mobility

Description

This book discusses the recent advances in aircraft design methodologies. It provides an overview of topics such as shape optimization, robust design and aeroelasticity, focusing on fluid-structure numerical methodologies to address static and dynamic aeroelastic problems. It demonstrates that the capability to evaluate the interaction between aerodynamics, inertia and elastic forces is important to avoid drag penalties, control system efficiency loss and generation of potentially dangerous phenomena, such as divergence, control reversal and flutter. The book particularly highlights the advances in "high fidelity" CFD-CSM coupling, describing the latest experimental research to validate the numerical fluid-structure interaction analysis methodologies resulting from the EU-funded RBF4AERO and RIBES projects. Preface References Contents Designing the Next Generation of Aircraft with Simulation 1 An Unexpressed Potential 2 A New Era for Aerospace 3 A Concrete Impact 4 The Importance of Universities and Startups 5 The Future Aeroelastic Wind Tunnel Tests of the RIBES Wing Model 1 Introduction 2 The Wing Model and the Wind Tunnel Facility 3 Experimental Setup and Flow Visualization 4 Force and Pressure Measurements 5 Stress and Displacement Measurements 6 Conclusion References Validation of High Fidelity Computational Methods for Aeronautical FSI Analyses 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 2.1 Radial Basis Functions 3 Strategies of the FSI Numerical Analyses 3.1 Structural Modes Embedding 3.2 2-Way FSI Coupling 4 Test Case Description and Numerical Models 4.1 Experimental Reference Data 4.2 FEM Model and Solution 4.3 RBF Setup 4.4 CFD Configuration 5 Results 5.1 Aerodynamic Coefficients 6 Conclusions References High-Fidelity Static Aeroelastic Simulations of the Common Research Model 1 Introduction 2 Computational Aeroelasticity Tool 2.1 Flow Solver 2.2 Structural Solver 2.3 Fluid-Structure Interface 2.4 Mesh Deformation 2.5 Convergence of Coupled Solution 3 Test Case 3.1 Geometry 3.2 Structural Models 3.3 Aerodynamic Models 3.4 Flow Conditions 4 Results 4.1 Convergence Study of Static Aeroelastic Solution 4.2 Solution of Wing-Fuselage Geometry with Wing-Box Structural Model at M = 0.85 4.3 Solution of Wing-Only Geometry with Beam Stick and Wing-Box Structural Models 5 Conclusion References Aero-elastic Simulations Using the NSMB CFD Solver Including results for a Strut Braced Wing Aircraft 1 Introduction 2 The NSMB CFD Solver 3 The B2000++ Solver 4 Geometric Multi-region Coupling 4.1 Single-Region Coupling Procedure 4.2 Multi-region Coupling Procedure 4.3 Definition of Coupling Regions 5 Remeshing Algorithm 6 Validation Calculations 6.1 MDO Aircraft 6.2 AGARD 445.6 Wing 7 Strut Braced Wing Aircraft 7.1 PROTEUS 7.2 Aero-elastic Coupling 7.3 AMLoad 7.4 Results 8 Conclusions References Semi-Analytical Modeling of Non-stationary Fluid-Structure Interaction 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Framework 2.1 Assumptions 2.2 Mathematical Formulation 2.3 Solution 3 Illustration of the Application of the Methodology: Analysis of the Shock Response of a Submerged Cylindrical Shell Subjected to a Double-Front Shock Wave 4 Conclusions References Fluid Structure Modelling of Ground Excited Vibrations by Mesh Morphing and Modal Superposition 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 2.1 Formulation of Modal Theory 2.2 Radial Basis Functions 3 Problem Definition 3.1 Formulation of the Problem 3.2 Coupling Parametric Space 4 Method 5 Validation 6 Results and Discussion 7 Conclusions References Unsteady FSI Analysis of a Square Array of Tubes in Water Crossflow 1 Introduction 2 Structure of the Document 3 Experimental Set-up 4 Background on RBF Mesh Morphing and Modal Superposition FSI Method 5 Numerical Strategy and Used Numerical Means 6 Isolated Tube Case 6.1 CAD and FEM Case Set-up 7 RBF Solutions Set-up 7.1 CAD and CFD Case Set-up 7.2 Results of the Single Tube Case 8 Tube Array Case 8.1 CAD Case Set-up 8.2 RBF Solutions Set-up 8.3 CFD Case Set-up 9 Results of the Tube Array Configuration 10 Conclusions References Risk Measures Applied to Robust Aerodynamic Shape Design Optimization 1 Introduction 2 Risk Measures for Robust Design Optimization 3 Optimization Algorithm 4 Flow Field Analysis Method 5 Airfoil Shape Handling in the Presence of Uncertainties 6 Error Handling 7 Design Optimization Example 7.1 Aerodynamic Design Problem Description 7.2 Deterministic Problem Solution 7.3 Robust Design Optimization 8 Conclusions References Aero-structural Optimization of a MALE Configuration in the AGILE MDO Framework 1 Introduction 2 Requirements Definition 3 Preliminary Design Workflow 3.1 Engine Deck Definition 3.2 System Design 3.3 Handling Quality Evaluation 4 Aero-elastic Shape Optimization 4.1 Analysis and Tool-Chain Preparation 4.2 Optimization Work-Flow Application 4.3 Analysis Model Update 4.4 Automated Workflow Execution 5 Workflow Results 6 Conclusion and Future Prospects References