Photonic Materials: Recent Advances and Emerging Applications

Description

This book is a review of photonic materials and their applications. It presents 14 chapters, that give a snapshot of the field including basic sciences (photonics, plasmonics, advanced optics, nanophotonics) and applications (renewable energy, fiber-optics, lasers and smart materials). The book starts with a summary of recent developments in photonic crystal (PC) applications. This introduction is followed by chapters that present design concepts and investigations of PC devices such as: - All-optical XOR gates using 2D photonic crystals - One-dimensional PCs containing germanium (Ge). - Graphene surface plasmonics - Nanophotonics and fiber-optic lasers - Chalcogenides - Bragg Fibers and more The broad range of topics make this an informative source on current and exciting photonics research, and the variety of photonic materials. It serves as a reference for graduate scholars (in physics and materials science) and allied researchers who have a keen interest in photonics. Cover Title Copyright End User License Agreement Contents Foreword Preface List of Contributors Photonic Crystal Instruments Muhammad A. Butt1,2,* INTRODUCTION PC SENSING INSTRUMENTS PC OPTICAL LOGIC GATES PC OPTICAL POWER SPLITTER AND POL. SPLITTER PC POLARIZATION MAINTAINING INSTRUMENTS PC BASED LASERS CONCLUDING REMARKS CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES All-optical Logic Gate Using Photonic Crystals for Ultra-Fast Telecommunication Applications Margarat Michael1,*, B. Elizabeth Caroline1, J. Vidhya1, M. Saravanan1 and P. Nithyavalli1 INTRODUCTION RELATED WORKS LIGHT PROPAGATION IN PERIODIC MEDIA TYPES OF PHOTONIC CRYSTALS 1D PhC 2D PhC 3D PhC PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION PWE Method Solutions of Maxwell’s Equations in Frequency Domain FDTD Method DESIGN OF PROPOSED ALL-OPTICAL XOR LOGIC GATE PROPOSED ALL-OPTICAL XOR LOGIC GATE USING NANORESONATORS CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES Pressure Dependent Reflectance and Transmitt- ance Properties in 1D- Photonic Crystal Containing Germanium (Ge) Sanjeev K Srivastava*, 1, Yogesh Sharma2 and Mirza Tanweer Ahmad Beig2 INTRODUCTION THEORETICAL MODEL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on Reflectance Properties of Normal PC Structure Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on the Transmission mode of Conjugate PC Structure CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES Recent Advances in Graphene Based Plasmonics Tista Basak1,* and Tushima Basak2,* INTRODUCTION THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF PLASMONS IN GRAPHENE Electronic Structure of Graphene Optical Response and Dispersion Relation of Graphene Surface Plasmons Semi-classical Model Random Phase Approximation(RPA) TYPES OF GRAPHENE SURFACE PLASMONS COUPLING OF SURFACE PLASMONS WITH PHOTONS, PHONONS AND ELECTRONS BEHAVIOUR OF SURFACE PLASMONS IN GRAPHENE WITH DIFFERENT DIMENSIONALITIES Characteristics of Surface Plasmons in 2D Bilayer Graphene Characteristics of Surface Plasmons in 1D Graphene Nanoribbons (GNRs) and 0D Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) CURRENT APPLICATIONS OF SURFACE PLASMONS IN GRAPHENE CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Third Generation Solar Cells - Promising Devices to Meet the Future Energy Needs Ram Chhavi Sharma1,* INTRODUCTION Basic Parameters Third Generation Solar Cells Organic Solar Cells Main Features of Conjugated Polymers Principle of Operation Perovskite Solar Cells Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) Quantum Dot Solar Cells CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Recent Advances of Graphene in Solar Cell Applications Chandra Kamal Borah1,* and Sanjeev Kumar1,* INTRODUCTION APPLICATION OF GR IN VARIOUS TYPES OF SOLAR CELLS Gr in Heterojunction Silicon Solar Cell Graphene in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Graphene in Perovskite Solar Cells Graphene in Other Types of Solar cells CONCLUSION ABBREVIATIONS CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES A Review on the Materials and Applications of Nanophotonics Athira Jayaprakash1, Joshua Nigel1 and Ishu Sharma1,* INTRODUCTION Materials Two-dimensional Materials Single Layered Graphene Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Photonic Crystals Dielectric Nanostructures Fabrication Techniques Top-down Methods Bottom-up Methods APPLICATIONS Absorbers Graphene Photodetectors 2D TMDCs Based LEDs Biosensing CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES Revolutionary Future Using the Ultimate Potential of Nanophotonics Sumaya Khan1,* and Ishu Sharma1,* INTRODUCTION Photons and Electrons: Similarities and Differences Photons and Electrons: The Constriction in Various Facets Propagation of sub-atomic Particles through a Classically Forbidden Zone Localization Under a Periodic Potential Nanoscale Optical Interactions Axial Nanoscopic Localization Lateral Nanoscopic Localization New Cooperative Transitions APPLICATIONS Synchronous Oscillations of Delocalized Electrons on Nanoparticles and Surfaces Fluorescence-Based Systems Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Single-photon Sources Semiconductor Nanocrystals: New Fluorescent Labels for Biology Nano-Based Semiconductor Crystals: a New Active Component for Excimer Lasers Organic Light Emitting Diode DISCUSSION CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES A Simulative Study on Electro-Optic Character- istics of InAlGaAs/InP for Fiber Optic-based Communications under Nanoscale Well Thickness Layers Pyare Lal1,* and P. A. Alvi1 INTRODUCTION SIMULATED HETEROINTERFACE NANOSTRUCTURE, AND THEORETICAL DETAILS COMPUTATIONAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES Two-Dimensional Materials for Advancement of Fiber Laser Technologies Kavintheran Thambiratnam1,*, Norazriena Yusoff1, Siti Aisyah Reduan1, Muhamad Zharif Samion1, Shok Ing Ooi1 and Harith Ahmad1 INTRODUCTION 2D Material-Based Saturable Absorbers for Fiber Lasers 2D Chalcogenides Metal Monochalcogenides (MMs) Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) MXenes OPERATING PRINCIPLES FOR PULSE GENERATION IN FIBER LASER TECHNOLOGY Q-switching Technique Mode-locking Technique CONFIGURATION OF 2D MATERIALS AS SATURABLE ABSORBERS GENERATION OF Q-SWITCHED PULSES IN FIBER The 1.0 μm Wavelength Region The 1.5 μm Wavelength Region The 2.0 μm Wavelength Region GENERATION OF MODE-LOCKED PULSES IN FIBER LASERS The 1.0 μm Wavelength Region The 1.5 μm Wavelength Region The 2.0 μm Wavelength Region CONCLUSION, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES Optical Properties of Hollow-Core Bragg Fiber Waveguides Ritesh Kumar Chourasia1,3,*, Nitesh K. Chourasia2 and Narendra Bihari1,3 INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION THEORETICAL MODELLING OF THE PROPOSED STRUCTURE HANKEL FORMALISM OF THE PROPOSED STRUCTURE NUMERICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES Photonic Nanostructured Bragg Fuel Adulteration Sensor Ritesh Kumar Chourasia1,4,*, Nitesh K. Chourasia2, Ankita Srivastava3,4 and Narendra Bihari1,4 INTRODUCTION MODELLING OF THE BFW PHOTONIC NANOSTRUCTURE Hankel Function Formalism (HFF) and Transfer Matrix Methodology (TMM) in Cylindrical Coordinates Various Predictive Models Fuel Energy Adulteration Sensor Performance Parameter NUMERICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES Modelling Fabrication Variability in Silicon Photonic Devices. Mursal Ayub Hamdani1,* and Gausia Qazi1 INTRODUCTION PHOTONIC DEVICE LEVEL OPTIMIZATION Iterative Optimisation Algorithms Empirical Optimisation Algorithms QR-code Structure Algorithms Irregular Structure Algorithms Deep Neural Networks Assisted Silicon Photonics Design Multilayer Perceptron Convolution Neural Network PHOTONIC CIRCUIT LEVEL OPTIMIZATION Stochastic Collocation Method Polynomial Chaos Expansion Layout Aware Variational Analysis CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES Introduction of Smart Materials: The Art to Outrival Technology Claire Mary Savio1 and Ishu Sharma1,* INTRODUCTION PREPARATION METHODS Combustion Synthesis Method Preparation of Piezoelectric Materials Vacuum Induction Melting Method Using Molecular Complexes Mixed Oxide Technology SMART MATERIALS IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Conductive Inks Muscle Wire Electro-textiles Light Diffusing Acrylics Smart Grids Applications in Other Fields Structural Engineering Self-Repair Defense and Space Nuclear Industries Biomedical Applications Reducing Electronic Waste Reducing Food Waste Health The Ageing Population Civil Engineering Soft Robotics Future Prospects Cardiac Tissue Engineering Civil engineering Swarm Robotics Soft Robotics Hydrogels CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Subject Index Back Cover