Capitalism, Jacobinism and International Relations: Revisiting Turkish Modernity

Description

This book offers a radical reinterpretation of the development of the modern world through the concept of Jacobinism. It argues that the French Revolution was not just another step in the construction of capitalist modernity, but produced an alternative (geo)political economy – that is, 'Jacobinism.' Furthermore, Jacobinism provided a blueprint for other modernization projects, thereby profoundly impacting the content and tempo of global modernity in and beyond Europe. The book traces the journey of Jacobinism in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey. It contends that until the 1950s, the Ottoman/Turkish experiment with modernity was not marked by capitalism, but by a historically specific Jacobinism. Asserting this Jacobin legacy then leads to a novel interpretation of the subsequent transition to and authoritarian consolidation of capitalism in contemporary Turkey. As such, by tracing the world historical trajectory of Jacobinism, the book establishes a new way of understanding the origins and development of global modernity. Cover Half-title Series information Title page Copyright information Dedication Contents Acknowledgments 1 Introduction The Plan of the Book 2 Modernity, Historicity and Transdisciplinarity Historicizing Modernity: Beyond Fragmented Methodologies From Marx to Marxism: Unifying the ''Political'' and the ''Economic'' International Historical Sociology: Unifying the ''Social'' and the ''International'' Uneven and Combined Development: Modernity, Temporality, Multilinearity Renewing International Historical Sociology Conclusion 3 Capitalism, Absolutism, Jacobinism: The International Relations of Modernity The ''Great Divergence'' in Post-Feudal Europe: England versus France The (Geo)politics of Capitalist Modernity: ''The Improvement of Property'' The (Geo)politics of Absolutist Modernity: ''The Improvement of the Public'' The French Revolution and the Rise of the Jacobins Property and the Terror: Beyond Capitalism and Socialism Substituting Capitalism: The ''Citizen-Soldier'' and ''Public School'' as Keys to Understanding Alternate Routes to Modernity Conclusions: Rethinking the Jacobin Model and the ''International'' 4 Disputing Ottoman Modernity (1839-1918) The (Geo)politics of Ottoman Centralization Attempts French Revolution and the Ottoman Empire: Between the Ayans and the Peasantry The Tanzimat as a Combined Project: Between Jacobinism and Capitalism (1838-1876) Sharecroppers, Peasants and Landlords: Toward a Market-Dependent Society? From the Constitution to the Revolution: The Rise of Jacobinism (1876-1908) From Abdülhamid II to the Young Turks: Inventing a Jacobin Islam and a Jacobin Public The Geo(politics) of Revolution: Reimagining the ''People'' The Young Turk Revolution, War and the Jacobin ''Terror'' (1908-1918) Conclusion: A Substitute Jacobin Route to Modernity 5 Kemalism as the Ultimate Turkish Substitution for Capitalism (1923-1945) The Prelude to the Republic: The (Geo)politics of Sharecropping Industrialization, Monopolization, Peasantization (1923-1945): Kemalism as State Capitalism? The Army, the School and the ''Terror'': Redefining Property and the Citizen-Turk Conclusion: Kemalism as a Turkish-Jacobin Synthesis 6 Reinterpreting Capitalist Modernity à la Turca Land and Democracy: World War II and the Prelude to Multiparty Politics New World Order, Petty Commodity Production and the Transition to Capitalism A Failed Jacobin Coup and Its Legacy: The 1961 Constitution and ''Social Republic'' Planners, Oligopolists and Workers: Contradictions of a Capitalist-Jacobin Compound Capitalism of the Oppressed: Reinterpreting the National View Movement Turkey's (Not-So) Great Transformation, 1980-2002: Secularism against Capitalism Consolidation of Capitalist Modernity: From Neo-Ottoman Commonwealth to Capitalist Authoritarianism 7 Conclusion Bibliography Index