Simon V of Montfort and Baronial Government, 1195-1218

Description

Dissenter from the Fourth Crusade, disseised earl of Leicester, leader of the Albigensian Crusade, prince of southern France: Simon of Montfort led a remarkable career of ascent from mid-level French baron to semi-independent count before his violent death before the walls of Toulouse in 1218. Through the vehicle of the crusade, Simon cultivated autonomous power in the liminal space between competing royal lordships in southern France in order to build his own principality. This first English biographical study of his life examines the ways in which Simon succeeded and failed in developing this independence in France, England, the Midi, and on campaign to Jerusalem. Simon's familial, social, and intellectual connexions shaped his conceptions of political order, which he then implemented in his conquests. By analysing contemporary narrative, scholastic, and documentary evidence-including a wealth of archival material-this volume argues that Simon's career demonstrates the vitality of baronial independence in the High Middle Ages, despite the emergence of centralised royal bureaucracies. More importantly, Simon's experience shows that barons themselves adopted methods of government that reflected a concern for accountability, public order, and contemporary reform ideals. This study therefore marks an important entry in the debate about baronial responsibility in medieval political development, as well as providing the most complete modern account of the life of this important but oft-overlooked crusader. Cover Simon V of Montfort and Baronial Government, 1195-1218 Copyright Dedication Acknowledgements Contents List of Figures List of Abbreviations Rates of Exchange Montfort Family Tree Introduction 1: Subject and Vassal Family history Harmony Philip II of France John of England Peter II of Aragon The papacy Conflict Philip of France John of England Peter of Aragon The papacy Competing lordships The Church Philip of France 2: Crusaders Family and the Fourth Crusade Family and the Albigensian Crusade The Montforts The Barres The Montmorencys Land grants Religious connections Personal loyalty The Zaran company High baronage 3: Masters and Monks The Holy Land Social morality Heresy 4: Lord of Montfort and Earl of Leicester Inheritance Image Ecclesiastical patronage Finance Government and household 5: Viscount of Béziers and Carcassonne Conquest Image Ecclesiastical patronage Finance Government and household Reform and heresy 6: Duke of Narbonne and Count of Toulouse Conquest Image Ecclesiastical patronage Finance Government and household Reform and heresy Conclusion Bibliography Manuscript Sources Printed Primary Sources Secondary Sources Index