In Defense of the Four Imams

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Halftitle Page Title Page Dedication Copyright Page About the Author Contents Translator’s Introduction Introduction The First Cause He was unaware of the hadith The Second Cause He was aware of the hadith, but it wasn’t sound in his view The Third Cause He believes the hadith presented by those differing with him is weak The Fourth Cause He Stipulates Conditions for the Reports of Reliable Narrators that are different from other scholars The Fifth Cause He knew the hadith, considered it to be genuine, but forgot it The Sixth Cause He did not know what the hadith meant The Seventh Cause He believes that his opponent misconstrues the hadith The Eighth Cause He believes that the interpretation conflicts with something else that shows that the intent is other than what his opponent says The Ninth Cause He believes that the hadith is contravened by something that indicates that it is weak, or it is abrogated, or its meaning is figurative—if it is subject to being taken figuratively and reassigned a different meaning by something accepted as valid by consensus, like a Quranic verse, another hadith, or scholarly consensus The Tenth Cause He believes that the hadith opposes what proves that it is weak, abrogated, or reassigned a figurative meaning while other scholars do not share his view. Or the category of what is mentioned in the hadith is in opposition to something, or it is really not in opposition to anything. Rather, it is weightier. Appendix Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Notes Biography