The Laboratory of Progress: Switzerland in the Nineteenth Century, Volume 2

Description

The Laboratory of Progress: Switzerland in the 19th Century tells the improbable story of how a small, backward, mountainous agricultural country with almost no raw materials became an industrial powerhouse, a hub of innovation, a touristic mecca and a pioneer in transportation – all in the course of a single century. That a tiny landlocked country should become a dominant steamship builder for the rest of the world; that a country that had never seen a cotton plant should become the world’s second-largest textile producer; that a country with hardly any level terrain should come to boast the world’s most highly developed railway network; and that a country whose main export was impoverished emigrants should be transformed into one of the world’s major financial centres – these astonishing developments, among many others, are explored and explained, both through the specific stories of individual innovators and through a prescient analysis of the political, economic, societal and cultural structures that formed the context in which Switzerland’s astonishing transformation took place. The book is a compelling read both for professional historians and for general readers with an interest in Switzerland; it highlights the roles of transport networks and individual pioneers in industrial and political development. Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents List of Figures List of Milestones Preface Acknowledgements 1 Lifelines: Interconnecting Systems 1.1 Starting Points and Foundations 1.1.1 The Tracks of Progress 1.1.2 Transport Systems on Waterways 1.1.3 Conflicting Interests on Lake Lucerne 1.2 The Interlinking of Transport Systems 1.2.1 It Was a Light-Hearted Journey: Parliamentarians on Their Way Home, 1853 1.2.2 Connecting Railways and Waterways 1.2.2.1 Train Ferries 1.2.3 Connecting Boats and Stagecoaches, Through-Trains and Mountain Railways: The Gotthard Route and the Rigi 1.2.4 Alpine Roads and Stagecoaches 1.3 The Development of Railway Tourism 1.3.1 All Aboard! 1.3.2 A Complex Network, Climbing Ever Higher into the Tributary Valleys 1.3.3 Mountain Railways 1.3.4 Railway Access and the Development of Tourism: Cantonal and Regional Differences 1.3.5 Mass Tourism and Technological Development: The Rigi 1.3.6 Transport Infrastructure and Industrialisation 1.4 The Swiss Railway Project 1.4.1 A Modest Track Record Before 1848 1.4.2 The Railway Project Finds Political Expression in 1849 1.4.3 The Stephenson/Swinburne Expert Assessment of 1850 1.4.4 7 April 1851: The Federal Council Takes a Stand 1.4.5 State Railway or Private Railway? 1.4.6 The Railway Act of 1852 and the Question of Higher Education 1.5 The Success Story of the Railway 1.5.1 The Vital Importance of Railroad Construction for Switzerland 1.5.2 The Railway Redefines Power Dynamics 1.5.3 The Swiss Railway Network up to 1902 1.5.4 An Overview of Opportunities and Risks 1.5.5 The Question of Capital: The Kreditanstalt as an Engine of Progress 1.5.6 The Ups and Downs of the Northeastern Railway 1.5.7 The Transalpine Rail Link and the Railway Act of 1872: On the Way to a Nationalised Railway 1.5.8 Nationalisation 2 Switzerland Unbound: Intrepid Progress 2.1 Get to Know This Pioneering People 2.2 Highlights: From the Helvetic Republic to the Industrialised Welfare State 2.3 The Social Profile of the Pioneers 2.4 The Nation Needs Topographers 2.5 Engineers: Switzerland as Construction Site 2.6 Stonemasons and Reinforced Concrete: The Mechanisation of the Building Trade 2.7 Watches: An Early Swiss Trademark 2.8 Thanks to Cottage Industry, Switzerland Becomes the Second-Largest Textile Exporter in the World 2.9 An Abundance of Water: A Rattling Loom on a Rushing Brook 2.10 Heinrich Kunz and the Issue of Social Welfare 2.11 Escher Wyss: From the Textile to the Engineering Industry 2.12 The Engineering Industry: Honegger’s Looms 2.13 Rieter and Sulzer: The Heavyweights from Winterthur 2.14 SIG Neuhausen: Carriages, Weapons and Milk Cartons 2.15 Educational Journeys to England 2.16 The Brown Dynasty: British Know-how Gains Currency 2.17 The Transformation: From Water to Electricity 2.18 Flushing Away Basel’s Chemical Waste 2.19 Steamboats and Chocolates 2.20 Tickets to the Mountaintops 2.21 Dairy Products: From Mountain to Factory 2.22 The Mechanisation of Agriculture 2.23 Commerce: From Generation to Generation 2.24 Doctor Alfred Escher of Zurich: A La Bonne Heure, This Is a Man Comme Il En Faut Pour La Suisse 2.25 Life Insurance: Johann Conrad Widmer 2.26 Transport Insurance, Fire Insurance and Reinsurance: Moritz Grossmann 2.27 Disaster in Winterthur: Swiss Lloyd and the Financial Bust 2.28 A Breakneck Pace: Hotel Pioneers and Their Empires 2.29 Swiss Industry in the 19th century: Dynamics and Structure 3 Headlines: From Developing Country to Laboratory of Progress 3.1 Almost Passed By 3.2 Peace and Threats to Peace 3.3 War on the Doorstep 3.4 Mass Emigration and Italian Migrant Workers 3.5 Synchronisation and Punctuality 3.6 The Changing Faces of Cities 3.7 In Search of the Secret to Quality 3.8 Turning Obstacles into Advantages 3.9 The 1848 Constitution: A Stroke of Genius 3.10 Transport Is the Key to Almost Everything 3.11 Politics and Business, Hand in Hand 3.12 Who Pulls the Strings Behind the Scenes? 3.13 The Ties of Federalism 3.14 The Hour of Big Gambles 3.15 Neutrality and Good Offices 3.16 On the Way to Direct Democracy 3.17 The Swiss Miracle Appendix: Brief Glossary Bibliography Index of Places Index of Persons