Media Law And Policy In The Internet Age

Description

The Internet brings opportunity and peril for media freedom and freedom of expression. It enables new forms of publication and extends the reach of traditional publishers, but its power increases the potential damage of harmful speech and invites state regulation and censorship as well as manipulation by private and commercial interests. In jurisdictions around the world, courts, lawmakers and regulators grapple with these contradictions and challenges in different ways with different goals in mind. The media law reforms they are adopting or considering contain crucial lessons for those forming their own responses or who seek to understand how technology is driving such rapid change in how information and opinion are distributed or restricted. In this book, many of the world's leading authorities examine the emerging landscape of reform in nations with variable political and legal contexts. They analyse developments particularly through the prisms of defamation and media regulation, but also explore the impact of technology on privacy law and national security. Whether as jurists, lawmakers, legal practitioners or scholars, they are at the front lines of a story of epic change in how and why the Internet is changing the nature and raising the stakes of 21st century communication and expression. Acknowledgements......Page 6 Contents......Page 8 List of Contributors......Page 14 Table of Cases......Page 16 Table of Legislation......Page 24 Introduction......Page 32 Part A: Conceptual Perspectives of Media Law and Policy......Page 42 Introduction......Page 44 Challenges to Media Freedom in the Internet Age......Page 45 Media Law in the Internet Age: Opportunities......Page 52 Concluding Observations......Page 56 Introduction......Page 58 Televising Courts......Page 59 Social Media......Page 61 The Judicial Communication Office and Media Panel......Page 63 Conclusion......Page 67 The Defamation Act 2013......Page 68 Speech Crimes......Page 74 Independent Press Regulation and the Leveson Report......Page 76 Conclusion......Page 78 Independence of the Press as a Constitutional Necessity......Page 80 Conclusion......Page 88 Part B: Media Law Reform and Defamation......Page 90 Rethinking Reynolds: Defending Public Interest Speech......Page 92 Reynolds to Section 4......Page 93 The Terms of Section 4......Page 96 Parliamentary Debates......Page 98 Stronger than Reynolds?......Page 100 A Second Generation of Reform?......Page 102 Conclusion......Page 103 The Long Road to the Responsible Communication Defence......Page 106 Modernising the Fair Comment Defence......Page 115 Defamation Law and the Internet......Page 118 The Law of Jurisdiction: The Next Capital of Libel Tourism?......Page 120 The Serious Harm Test......Page 121 Related Causes of Action......Page 122 Conclusion......Page 124 The Internet and Politics in the Development of Hong Kong Defamation Law......Page 126 The New Media......Page 128 Website Hosts and Discussion Sites......Page 129 Automated Internet Search Suggestions......Page 132 Public Interest......Page 133 Reportage......Page 137 Other Defences......Page 139 Damages......Page 140 Conclusion......Page 142 The First Phase: 1979 to 2001......Page 144 The Second Phase: 2001 to 2013......Page 145 The Philippine Supreme Court on Cyber Libel: Lost in Overbreadth......Page 158 The Philippine Law on Libel......Page 159 The Adonis Challenge to the Cybercrimes Prevention Act......Page 160 The Legal Challenge......Page 162 Decision of the Court......Page 164 Concluding Observations......Page 168 Introduction......Page 172 Facts of the Case......Page 173 Journalists" Ethics......Page 174 Hearing History......Page 175 The Law at the Time of Appeal......Page 177 Court of Appeal"s Decision......Page 182 Comment on the Court of Appeal"s Decision......Page 185 Conclusion: Why, When and Who?......Page 191 Part C: Legal Regulation of the Media and Internet......Page 194 Elements of the New Media Landscape......Page 196 Visions of Political Power in the Digital Age......Page 199 Technology as Media Control Regulation......Page 202 Elements of a New Media Governance Framework......Page 206 Outlook......Page 210 What the PCC Did......Page 212 The PCC in Transition......Page 213 The Political Impasse......Page 214 The Virtues of Self-regulation......Page 215 Introduction......Page 218 Media Ownership......Page 219 Character of New Zealand Media......Page 220 Legal Restrictions on Media Freedom......Page 222 Regulation of Online Media-New Zealand Models......Page 227 Conclusion-a Mess or a Map?......Page 239 Introduction......Page 242 History of the Common Law......Page 243 Legislative Protections......Page 248 Steps by the Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC)......Page 251 June 2014 ALRC Inquiry......Page 254 Future Directions?......Page 255 Introduction......Page 258 Public Perceptions Regarding Freedom of Expression......Page 260 Barriers to Freedom of the Press......Page 261 Televisual Media and Politics......Page 264 Conclusion: Two Faces of Freedom of the Press in Indonesia Today......Page 265 Index......Page 268