Atlantic Europe in the First Millennium BC: Crossing the Divide

Description

European first millennium BC studies have witnessed an increasing theoretical divide between the approaches adopted in different countries. Whilst topics such as ethnicity, identity, and agency have dominated many British studies, such themes have had less resonance in continental approaches. At the same time, British and Iberian first millennium BC studies have become increasingly divorced from research elsewhere in Europe. While such divergence reflects deep historical divisions in theory and methodology between European perspectives, it is an issue that has been largely ignored by scholars of the period. This volume addresses these issues by bringing together 33 papers by leading Bronze Age and Iron Age scholars from France, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Ireland, North America, and the United Kingdom. Initial chapters from leading specialists introduce major themes (landscape studies, social organisation, historiography, dynamics of change, and identity), providing overviews on the history of approaches to these areas, personal perspectives on current problems, and possible future research directions. Subsequent chapters by key researchers develop these topics, presenting case studies and in-depth discussions of particular issues relating to the first millennium BC in the Atlantic realm of Western Europe. Title Pages Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Title Pages (p.i) Atlantic Europe in the First Millennium BC (p.ii) (p.iii) Atlantic Europe in the First Millennium BC Title Pages (p.v) Preface Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada (p.v) Preface (p.v) Preface (p.xi) List of figures Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada (p.xi) List of figures (p.xi) List of figures (p.xi) List of figures (p.xi) List of figures (p.xi) List of figures (p.xi) List of figures (p.xi) List of figures (p.xi) List of figures (p.xi) List of figures (p.xi) List of figures (p.xi) List of figures (p.xi) List of figures (p.xi) List of figures (p.xxiii) List of tables Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada (p.xxiii) List of tables (p.xxiii) List of tables (p.xxv) List of contributors Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada (p.xxv) List of contributors (p.xxv) List of contributors (p.xxv) List of contributors Crossing the Divide Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Crossing the Divide Opening a Dialogue on Approaches to Western European First Millennium BC Studies Abstract and Keywords 1 Introduction: What Divide? Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide 1.1 A conceptual divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide 1.2 Defining Europe(s) Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide 1.3 Chronologies of the first millennium BC Crossing the Divide 1.3.1 Beyond the three ages? Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide 2 A Diachronic View of First Millennium Studies Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide 2.1 ‘Celtic’ Europe? Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide 2.2 Theoretical paradigms Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide 2.2.1 A postprocessual divide? Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide (p.34) 2.3 A ‘Europe of the regions’? Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide 2.4 Internationalism Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide (p.41) 2.5 An increasing resource Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide 3 Current Concerns and Approaches 3.1 Landscape studies Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide 3.2 Hierarchies and heterarchies: social modelling Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide 3.3 Continuity and change Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide 3.3.1 Material culture studies Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide 3.4 Rhythms of life and death 3.4.1 The dead and the living Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide 3.4.2 Warfare Crossing the Divide 3.4.3 Identities Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide (p.57) 3.5 European research traditions Crossing the Divide 4 Conclusions: Towards European Approaches? Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Acknowledgements Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Crossing the Divide Notes: Crossing the Divide Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Archaeological Mainstreams and Minorities Gonzalo Ruiz Zapatero Abstract and Keywords 1 Introduction Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe 2 Researching the European Iron Age: Lights and Shadows Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe 3 Archaeological Mainstreams and Minorities: Theory and Practice Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe 4 Approaches to Iron Age Settlement and Landscapes Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe 5 Iron Age Landscapes: The Fragmentation of an Archaeological Approach Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe 6 Iron Age Settlement Studies: Archaeological Theory Versus Fieldwork Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe 7 Concluding Remarks Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Acknowledgements Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Settlement and Landscape in Iron Age Europe Historical Ecology Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Historical Ecology Using What Works to Cross the Divide William J. Meyer Carole L. Crumley Abstract and Keywords 1 Introduction 2 What is Historical Ecology? Historical Ecology 2.1 The development of historical ecology Historical Ecology 2.2 A conceptual toolbox Historical Ecology Historical Ecology 2.2.1 Some conceptual tools Complex adaptive systems Historical Ecology Resilience Historical Ecology Diversity, region, and scale Historical Ecology Risk and vulnerability Historical Ecology Change and causation Historical Ecology Historical Ecology Agency Historical Ecology Heterarchy Historical Ecology 3 Employing the Tools of Historical Ecology: Atlantic Europe in the First Millennium BC Historical Ecology 3.1 (p.122) Questions of scale Historical Ecology 3.2 Operational principles 3.3 Data types Historical Ecology 3.3.1 Biophysical data 3.3.2 Anthropogenic data Historical Ecology 3.4 Integrating and interpreting the data 3.4.1 Project organization and sequence Historical Ecology Phase I: Advanced planning (all stakeholders) Historical Ecology Phase II: Advanced planning (research clusters) Phase III: Planning and analysis (disciplinary workgroups) Historical Ecology Phase IV: Model integration (research clusters) Phase V: Model integration (all stakeholders) Historical Ecology 3.4.2 GIS: A tool for data integration Historical Ecology 4 Conclusion Historical Ecology Historical Ecology Historical Ecology Historical Ecology Historical Ecology Historical Ecology Historical Ecology Historical Ecology Notes: Historical Ecology Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South-west Iberia Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South-west Iberia Sebastián Celestino Pérez Victorino Mayoral Herrera José Ángel Salgado Carmona Rebeca Cazorla Martín Abstract and Keywords 1 Introduction: Historiography and State of the Issue Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South-west Iberia Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South-west Iberia Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South-west Iberia Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South-west Iberia 2 Warrior Stelae and the Landscape Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South-west Iberia Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South-west Iberia 2.1 The macro-territorial study Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South-west Iberia Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South-west Iberia 2.2 The regional study Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South-west Iberia Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South-west Iberia 3 Intensive Archaeological Survey and Warrior Stelae Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South-west Iberia Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South-west Iberia Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South-west Iberia Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South-west Iberia Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South-west Iberia (p.149) 4 Conclusions Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South-west Iberia Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South-west Iberia Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South-west Iberia Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South-west Iberia Stelae Iconography and Landscape in South-west Iberia Landscape Dynamics, Political Processes, and Social Strategies in the Eastern Iberian Iron Age Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Landscape Dynamics, Political Processes, and Social Strategies in the Eastern Iberian Iron Age Ignacio Grau Mira Abstract and Keywords 1 Introduction Landscape Dynamics, Political Processes, and Social Strategies in the Eastern Iberian Iron Age Landscape Dynamics, Political Processes, and Social Strategies in the Eastern Iberian Iron Age 2 The Early Iron Age: Genesis of a New Model of Society Landscape Dynamics, Political Processes, and Social Strategies in the Eastern Iberian Iron Age Landscape Dynamics, Political Processes, and Social Strategies in the Eastern Iberian Iron Age (p.157) 3 Landscape Transformations: Settlement Pattern and Land Use Landscape Dynamics, Political Processes, and Social Strategies in the Eastern Iberian Iron Age 4 Ideology and the Strategies of Social Cohesion Landscape Dynamics, Political Processes, and Social Strategies in the Eastern Iberian Iron Age Landscape Dynamics, Political Processes, and Social Strategies in the Eastern Iberian Iron Age Landscape Dynamics, Political Processes, and Social Strategies in the Eastern Iberian Iron Age (p.161) 5 The Consolidation of Iberian Clienteles Landscape Dynamics, Political Processes, and Social Strategies in the Eastern Iberian Iron Age Landscape Dynamics, Political Processes, and Social Strategies in the Eastern Iberian Iron Age 6 Local Landscapes of Power Landscape Dynamics, Political Processes, and Social Strategies in the Eastern Iberian Iron Age Landscape Dynamics, Political Processes, and Social Strategies in the Eastern Iberian Iron Age 7 Funerary Evidence of Social Differentiation Landscape Dynamics, Political Processes, and Social Strategies in the Eastern Iberian Iron Age Landscape Dynamics, Political Processes, and Social Strategies in the Eastern Iberian Iron Age 8 Strategies for Perpetuating Social Inequality Landscape Dynamics, Political Processes, and Social Strategies in the Eastern Iberian Iron Age Landscape Dynamics, Political Processes, and Social Strategies in the Eastern Iberian Iron Age 9 Final Remarks Landscape Dynamics, Political Processes, and Social Strategies in the Eastern Iberian Iron Age Landscape Dynamics, Political Processes, and Social Strategies in the Eastern Iberian Iron Age Landscape Dynamics, Political Processes, and Social Strategies in the Eastern Iberian Iron Age A Re-examination of Three Wessex-type Sites Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada A Re-examination of Three Wessex-type Sites Little Woodbury, Gussage All Saints, and Winnall Down Oliver Davis Abstract and Keywords 1 Introduction A Re-examination of Three Wessex-type Sites A Re-examination of Three Wessex-type Sites 2 Type Sites and Social Modelling A Re-examination of Three Wessex-type Sites A Re-examination of Three Wessex-type Sites A Re-examination of Three Wessex-type Sites A Re-examination of Three Wessex-type Sites (p.177) 3 Beyond the Type-Site A Re-examination of Three Wessex-type Sites A Re-examination of Three Wessex-type Sites A Re-examination of Three Wessex-type Sites 4 Discussion A Re-examination of Three Wessex-type Sites A Re-examination of Three Wessex-type Sites A Re-examination of Three Wessex-type Sites A Re-examination of Three Wessex-type Sites 5 Conclusion (p.184) Acknowledgements A Re-examination of Three Wessex-type Sites A Re-examination of Three Wessex-type Sites A Re-examination of Three Wessex-type Sites A Re-examination of Three Wessex-type Sites A Re-examination of Three Wessex-type Sites Notes: Landscape in the Late Iron Age of Northwest Portugal Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Landscape in the Late Iron Age of Northwest Portugal Francisco Sande Lemos Gonçalo Cruz João Fonte Joana Valdez Abstract and Keywords 1 Geographical Context Landscape in the Late Iron Age of Northwest Portugal 2 The Cultura Castreja (Castro Culture) Landscape in the Late Iron Age of Northwest Portugal Landscape in the Late Iron Age of Northwest Portugal Landscape in the Late Iron Age of Northwest Portugal 3 Chronological Considerations Landscape in the Late Iron Age of Northwest Portugal 4 Hillforts and the Landscape of North Western Portugal Landscape in the Late Iron Age of Northwest Portugal Landscape in the Late Iron Age of Northwest Portugal 4.1 Great hillforts of the Portuguese north-western coastline Landscape in the Late Iron Age of Northwest Portugal 4.2 Hillforts located between the coastline and the interior 4.3 Hillforts of the interior (western Trás-os-Montes) Landscape in the Late Iron Age of Northwest Portugal 5 Territorial Complexity: Neutral Places, Sacred Mountains, and Border Sanctuaries 5.1 Neutral places Landscape in the Late Iron Age of Northwest Portugal Landscape in the Late Iron Age of Northwest Portugal Landscape in the Late Iron Age of Northwest Portugal 5.2 Sacred mountains Landscape in the Late Iron Age of Northwest Portugal 5.3 Border sanctuaries 6 Borders and Pacts Landscape in the Late Iron Age of Northwest Portugal (p.201) 7 Final Considerations Landscape in the Late Iron Age of Northwest Portugal Landscape in the Late Iron Age of Northwest Portugal Landscape in the Late Iron Age of Northwest Portugal Landscape in the Late Iron Age of Northwest Portugal Landscape in the Late Iron Age of Northwest Portugal Notes: La Tène and Early Gallo-Roman Settlement in Central Gaul Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada La Tène and Early Gallo-Roman Settlement in Central Gaul An Examination of the Boundary between the Aedui, Lingoni, and Senoni (Northern Burgundy, France) Pierre Nouvel Abstract and Keywords La Tène and Early Gallo-Roman Settlement in Central Gaul 1 The Variation in Occupation La Tène and Early Gallo-Roman Settlement in Central Gaul (p.207) 1.1 Agglomerated settlements and proto-urban centres La Tène and Early Gallo-Roman Settlement in Central Gaul La Tène and Early Gallo-Roman Settlement in Central Gaul La Tène and Early Gallo-Roman Settlement in Central Gaul 1.2 Farms and rural settlements La Tène and Early Gallo-Roman Settlement in Central Gaul (p.212) 1.3 Cemeteries and rural sanctuaries La Tène and Early Gallo-Roman Settlement in Central Gaul La Tène and Early Gallo-Roman Settlement in Central Gaul 2 Organization of La Tène Occupation 2.1 The situation in the Champagne region La Tène and Early Gallo-Roman Settlement in Central Gaul 2.2 The case of the lower Burgundy plateau La Tène and Early Gallo-Roman Settlement in Central Gaul 2.2.1 Later Hallstatt Iron Age and earlier part of the later Iron Age (fifth–third centuries BC) 2.2.2 Latter part of the later Iron Age (c.100–50 BC) 2.2.3 After the Roman conquest (Augustan period) La Tène and Early Gallo-Roman Settlement in Central Gaul 2.2.4 Flavian period 3 Conclusions La Tène and Early Gallo-Roman Settlement in Central Gaul La Tène and Early Gallo-Roman Settlement in Central Gaul La Tène and Early Gallo-Roman Settlement in Central Gaul La Tène and Early Gallo-Roman Settlement in Central Gaul La Tène and Early Gallo-Roman Settlement in Central Gaul ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited John Collis Abstract and Keywords ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited 1 Levels of Conservatism ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited 2 Archaeology and Linguistics ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited 3 Archaeology and Anthropology ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited 4 Karl Versus Collis and Hill ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited 5 Culture, Function, Time, and Space ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited 6 Linguistic Models and Anthropological Analogy ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited 7 Irish Early Medieval Society ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited 8 Proximity and Peer Polity Interaction ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited 9 Conclusions ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited Acknowledgements ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited ‘Reconstructing Iron Age Society’ Revisited How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? J. D. Hill Abstract and Keywords How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? 1 Were there Segmentary Societies in Iron Age Britain or Ireland? How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? 2 Society in British Iron Age Archaeology How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? 3 Why Should Elites be Everywhere? is Hierarchy the Norm? How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? 4 Iron Age Britain: Too Many Chiefs and Not Enough Indians or Vice Versa? How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? 5 How Might Non-Triangular Iron Age Social Forms Work? 5.1 Households How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? 5.2 Communities How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? 5.3 Kinship 5.4 Tribes How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? 5.5 Was Iron Age agriculture Iron Age politics? How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? 5.6 If not triangles, what shape? How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? 5.7 Councils and leaders How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? 5.8 Social inequalities and hierarchy 6 Conclusions How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? How Did British Middle and Late Pre-Roman Iron Age Societies Work (if they did)? Social Inequality during the Iron Age Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Social Inequality during the Iron Age Interpretation Models1 Inés Sastre Abstract and Keywords 1 Introduction Social Inequality during the Iron Age 2 Castro Archaeological Record: Defining Characteristics Social Inequality during the Iron Age Social Inequality during the Iron Age Social Inequality during the Iron Age 3 Diverse Iron Age ‘Germanic Societies’ Social Inequality during the Iron Age Social Inequality during the Iron Age Social Inequality during the Iron Age Social Inequality during the Iron Age Social Inequality during the Iron Age 4 Alternative Proposal: The Weight of Communal Antisocial Division Forces Social Inequality during the Iron Age Social Inequality during the Iron Age Social Inequality during the Iron Age Social Inequality during the Iron Age 5 Segmentary Castros in North-Western Iberia During the Iron Age Social Inequality during the Iron Age Social Inequality during the Iron Age Social Inequality during the Iron Age Social Inequality during the Iron Age Social Inequality during the Iron Age 6 Final Remarks Social Inequality during the Iron Age Social Inequality during the Iron Age Social Inequality during the Iron Age Social Inequality during the Iron Age Notes: Iron Age Societies against the State Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Iron Age Societies against the State An Account of the Emergence of the Iron Age in North-western Iberia Francisco Javier González García César Parcero-Oubiña Xurxo Ayán Vila Abstract and Keywords Iron Age Societies against the State (p.286) 1 Clastres and the Definition of ‘Primitive Societies’ Iron Age Societies against the State Iron Age Societies against the State Iron Age Societies against the State Iron Age Societies against the State Iron Age Societies against the State 2 The Context of the Iron Age in the North-West Iberian Peninsula: A General Picture Iron Age Societies against the State Iron Age Societies against the State Iron Age Societies against the State Iron Age Societies against the State 3 Iron Age Societies Against the State: Understanding the Emergence of the Iron Age as a Historical Process Iron Age Societies against the State Iron Age Societies against the State Iron Age Societies against the State Iron Age Societies against the State 4 Discussion Iron Age Societies against the State Iron Age Societies against the State Acknowledgements Iron Age Societies against the State Iron Age Societies against the State Shifting Centres of Power and Changing Elite Symbolism in the Scheldt Fluvial Basin during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Shifting Centres of Power and Changing Elite Symbolism in the Scheldt Fluvial Basin during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age Guy De Mulder Jean Bourgeois Abstract and Keywords 1 Introduction Shifting Centres of Power and Changing Elite Symbolism in the Scheldt Fluvial Basin during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age 2 Characterizing the Late Bronze Age in the Scheldt: Deposition in Wet Contexts Shifting Centres of Power and Changing Elite Symbolism in the Scheldt Fluvial Basin during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age Shifting Centres of Power and Changing Elite Symbolism in the Scheldt Fluvial Basin during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age Shifting Centres of Power and Changing Elite Symbolism in the Scheldt Fluvial Basin during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age Shifting Centres of Power and Changing Elite Symbolism in the Scheldt Fluvial Basin during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age 3 From the Water to the Grave Shifting Centres of Power and Changing Elite Symbolism in the Scheldt Fluvial Basin during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age Shifting Centres of Power and Changing Elite Symbolism in the Scheldt Fluvial Basin during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age Shifting Centres of Power and Changing Elite Symbolism in the Scheldt Fluvial Basin during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age Shifting Centres of Power and Changing Elite Symbolism in the Scheldt Fluvial Basin during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age Shifting Centres of Power and Changing Elite Symbolism in the Scheldt Fluvial Basin during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age 4 Displaying New Status Identities Shifting Centres of Power and Changing Elite Symbolism in the Scheldt Fluvial Basin during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age Shifting Centres of Power and Changing Elite Symbolism in the Scheldt Fluvial Basin during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age Shifting Centres of Power and Changing Elite Symbolism in the Scheldt Fluvial Basin during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age 5 Late Iron Age Developments in the Scheldt Shifting Centres of Power and Changing Elite Symbolism in the Scheldt Fluvial Basin during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age 6 Conclusion Shifting Centres of Power and Changing Elite Symbolism in the Scheldt Fluvial Basin during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age Shifting Centres of Power and Changing Elite Symbolism in the Scheldt Fluvial Basin during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age Shifting Centres of Power and Changing Elite Symbolism in the Scheldt Fluvial Basin during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age Shifting Centres of Power and Changing Elite Symbolism in the Scheldt Fluvial Basin during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age Shifting Centres of Power and Changing Elite Symbolism in the Scheldt Fluvial Basin during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age Notes: Shifting Centres of Power and Changing Elite Symbolism in the Scheldt Fluvial Basin during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age Examples of Social Modelling in the Seine Valley during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Examples of Social Modelling in the Seine Valley during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Rebecca Peake Régis Issenmann Valérie Delattre Abstract and Keywords 1 Introduction Examples of Social Modelling in the Seine Valley during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age 2 Seine Valley Archaeology Examples of Social Modelling in the Seine Valley during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age 3 Individuals and Community in Late Bronze Age Funerary Practice 3.1 Marolles-sur-Seine, La Croix de la Mission (Peake and Delattre 2007) Examples of Social Modelling in the Seine Valley during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age 3.2 Marolles-sur-Seine, ‘La Croix Saint-Jacques’ (Delattre and Peake forthcoming) 3.3 Marolles-sur-Seine, Les Gours aux Lions (C. and D. Mordant 1970; Gouge 1999) Examples of Social Modelling in the Seine Valley during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Examples of Social Modelling in the Seine Valley during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age 4 Defining Settlement and Status: Ongoing Work in the Seine Valley Examples of Social Modelling in the Seine Valley during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age 4.1 Characteristics of the Villiers-sur-Seine settlement (Peake et al. 2009) Examples of Social Modelling in the Seine Valley during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Examples of Social Modelling in the Seine Valley during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age (p.328) 5 A Question of Social Hierarchy at the End of the Early Iron Age Examples of Social Modelling in the Seine Valley during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age 5.1 Typological descriptors of late prehistoric settlement Examples of Social Modelling in the Seine Valley during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age 5.2 Polarized settlement networks and comparison with funerary contexts Examples of Social Modelling in the Seine Valley during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Examples of Social Modelling in the Seine Valley during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Examples of Social Modelling in the Seine Valley during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age 6 Socio-Economic Organization: An Intermediate Aristocracy Examples of Social Modelling in the Seine Valley during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Acknowledgments Examples of Social Modelling in the Seine Valley during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Examples of Social Modelling in the Seine Valley during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Examples of Social Modelling in the Seine Valley during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Becoming Welsh Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Becoming Welsh Modelling First Millennium BC Societies in Wales and the Celtic Context Raimund Karl Abstract and Keywords Becoming Welsh Becoming Welsh 1 Thinking Small Scale Becoming Welsh Becoming Welsh 2 Small Celtic Worlds (p.340) 2.1 The ‘Celtic’ sources Becoming Welsh Becoming Welsh (p.342) 2.2 Celtic cooperation and conflict resolution Becoming Welsh Becoming Welsh 2.3 Celtic kin and ‘court’ Becoming Welsh 3 Wales in the Late Second and Early First Millennium BC Becoming Welsh Becoming Welsh 4 Social Attachment, Increasing Returns, and Upward Social Mobility Becoming Welsh (p.348) 5 Wales in the Later First Millennium BC Becoming Welsh Becoming Welsh 6 Social Differentiation and the Evolution of Hierarchy in Welsh (and Celtic) Societies 6.1 Social functions in medieval Celtic societies Becoming Welsh Becoming Welsh 6.2 Ethnic convergence and social change Becoming Welsh 6.3 The kin, rank, and the ‘people’ in Celtic societies Becoming Welsh 7 Becoming Welsh Becoming Welsh Becoming Welsh (p.355) Abbreviations Becoming Welsh Becoming Welsh Becoming Welsh Becoming Welsh Person, Family, and Community Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Person, Family, and Community The Social Structure of Iron Age Societies Seen through the Organization of their Housing in North-western Europe Dimitri Mathiot Abstract and Keywords 1 Introduction Person, Family, and Community Person, Family, and Community (p.360) 2 The Different Settlement Forms 2.1 Hallstatt–early La Tène unenclosed sites in northern France and central Belgium Person, Family, and Community Person, Family, and Community 2.2 Third- to first-century BC enclosed sites: northern France and central Belgium Person, Family, and Community Person, Family, and Community Person, Family, and Community 2.3 Iron Age byre-house farms in the Low Countries Person, Family, and Community Person, Family, and Community 3 Wandering Farms in a Common Landscape 3.1 A generational rhythm (p.368) 3.2 A stable pattern for these moving farms Person, Family, and Community 4 The Stabilization of the Landscape 4.1 Settling the farms: the evidence Person, Family, and Community 4.2 The social implications of settlement stabilization Person, Family, and Community Person, Family, and Community 5 Conclusion Person, Family, and Community Person, Family, and Community Person, Family, and Community Person, Family, and Community Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Rachel Pope Ian Ralston Abstract and Keywords 1 Introduction Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent 2 Approaching Sex and Status Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent (p.379) 3 The Mortuary Evidence from Temperate Europe West of the Rhine Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent 3.1 Late Hallstatt women Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent 3.2 Early La Tène women Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent 4 The Mortuary Evidence from Early to Middle Iron Age Britain Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent 4.1 Northern Britain Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent 4.2 Southern Britain Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent 5 Gendered Artefacts and Practice in Iron Age Societies Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent 6 Gendering Iron Age Identities: Craft, Martial, Ritual and Status Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent 7 Conclusions Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Acknowledgements Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Notes: Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent Approaches to Metalwork Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Approaches to Metalwork The Role of Technology in Tradition, Innovation, and Cultural Change Barbara R. Armbruster Abstract and Keywords 1 Introduction Approaches to Metalwork Approaches to Metalwork 2 Approaches to Metalwork Approaches to Metalwork 2.1 Optical examination Approaches to Metalwork Approaches to Metalwork 2.2 Approaches from material sciences Approaches to Metalwork Approaches to Metalwork 2.3 Analogies 2.3.1 Iconography Approaches to Metalwork 2.3.2 Ethnoarchaeology Approaches to Metalwork 2.3.3 Experimental archaeology 2.3.4 Literary sources Approaches to Metalwork 3 Case Study of the Development of Gold Technology: Technological Change and Changing Identity in the Late Bronze Age–Early Iron Age in Iberia 3.1 The beginning: goldwork in the Atlantic late Bronze Age Iberia Approaches to Metalwork Approaches to Metalwork 3.2 The hybridization processes: composite gold work of the transitional late Bronze Age–early Iron Age phase Approaches to Metalwork Approaches to Metalwork (p.430) 3.3 Jewellery from the north-west of Iberia Approaches to Metalwork (p.431) 3.4 A case apart: ritual objects of a ‘new’ Mediterranean cult made by Atlantic technology 3.5 The new era: orientalizing style and new technological know-how Approaches to Metalwork Approaches to Metalwork 4 Concluding Remarks Approaches to Metalwork Acknowledgements Approaches to Metalwork Approaches to Metalwork Approaches to Metalwork Approaches to Metalwork Approaches to Metalwork Approaches to Metalwork The Problem of Continuity Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada The Problem of Continuity Reassessing the Shape of the British Iron Age Sequence John C. Barrett Mark Bowden David McOmish Abstract and Keywords 1 Introduction The Problem of Continuity 2 Horizons of Change The Problem of Continuity 3 Regionalism The Problem of Continuity The Problem of Continuity The Problem of Continuity (p.444) 4 Systems and Process The Problem of Continuity The Problem of Continuity The Problem of Continuity The Problem of Continuity The Problem of Continuity The Problem of Continuity The Problem of Continuity Iron Age Ireland Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Iron Age Ireland Continuity, Change, and Identity Katharina Becker Abstract and Keywords 1 Shifting Parameters Iron Age Ireland 2 Defining the Period Iron Age Ireland Iron Age Ireland 3 Biased by Desing Iron Age Ireland Iron Age Ireland Iron Age Ireland Iron Age Ireland Iron Age Ireland Iron Age Ireland 4 Regional Identities Iron Age Ireland Iron Age Ireland Iron Age Ireland Iron Age Ireland 5 Changes Iron Age Ireland Iron Age Ireland 6 Discussion Acknowledgements Iron Age Ireland Iron Age Ireland Iron Age Ireland Iron Age Ireland Iron Age Ireland Iron Age Ireland Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain Reinterpreting Mirror Burials Jody Joy Abstract and Keywords Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain (p.469) 1 Re-Examination of the Burial Data Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain 1.1 Position of mirrors in the grave Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain 1.2 Prominent locations in the landscape Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain 1.3 Mirrors, sex, and gender Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain 1.4 Mirrors deposited in covering Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain 1.5 Mirrors associated with ‘mature’ adults Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain (p.478) 2 Mirrors as High-Status Objects Buried with their Owners as Provision for the Afterlife Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain 3 Discussion Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain Exploring Status and Identity in Later Iron Age Britain Discovering San Chuis Hillfort (Northern Spain) Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Discovering San Chuis Hillfort (Northern Spain) Archaeometry, Craft Technologies, and Social Interpretation Jesús F. Jordá Pardo Carlos Marín Suárez Javier García-Guinea Abstract and Keywords 1 Introduction Discovering San Chuis Hillfort (Northern Spain) 2 Description of San Chuis Hillfort Discovering San Chuis Hillfort (Northern Spain) Discovering San Chuis Hillfort (Northern Spain) 3 Archaeometry 3.1 Geo-radar geophysical prospection Discovering San Chuis Hillfort (Northern Spain) 3.2 Radiocarbon and chronology Discovering San Chuis Hillfort (Northern Spain) Discovering San Chuis Hillfort (Northern Spain) Discovering San Chuis Hillfort (Northern Spain) 3.3 Physical-chemical characterization of metallic materials Discovering San Chuis Hillfort (Northern Spain) 4 Craft Technologies and Social Interpretation Discovering San Chuis Hillfort (Northern Spain) 4.1 Architecture Discovering San Chuis Hillfort (Northern Spain) Discovering San Chuis Hillfort (Northern Spain) Discovering San Chuis Hillfort (Northern Spain) 4.2 Pottery Discovering San Chuis Hillfort (Northern Spain) Discovering San Chuis Hillfort (Northern Spain) Discovering San Chuis Hillfort (Northern Spain) 4.3 Metallurgy 5 Conclusions Discovering San Chuis Hillfort (Northern Spain) Acknowledgements Discovering San Chuis Hillfort (Northern Spain) Discovering San Chuis Hillfort (Northern Spain) Discovering San Chuis Hillfort (Northern Spain) Discovering San Chuis Hillfort (Northern Spain) Notes: Changing to Remain the Same Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Changing to Remain the Same The Southern Iberian Peninsula between the Third and the First Centuries BC Alicia Jiménez Abstract and Keywords 1 Learning by Imitation Changing to Remain the Same 2 Change and Continuity in Southern Iberia Changing to Remain the Same Changing to Remain the Same Changing to Remain the Same Changing to Remain the Same 3 Genuinely Roman Changing to Remain the Same Changing to Remain the Same Changing to Remain the Same Changing to Remain the Same Aknowledgements Changing to Remain the Same Changing to Remain the Same Changing to Remain the Same Changing to Remain the Same Changing to Remain the Same Notes: Changing to Remain the Same Crossing the Divide in the First Millennium BC Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Crossing the Divide in the First Millennium BC A Study into the Cultural Biographies of Boats Robert Van de Noort Abstract and Keywords 1 Introduction Crossing the Divide in the First Millennium BC Crossing the Divide in the First Millennium BC 2 Seafaring in the First Millennium BC Crossing the Divide in the First Millennium BC (p.524) 3 Gazetteer of First Millennium Boats and their Context Crossing the Divide in the First Millennium BC Crossing the Divide in the First Millennium BC Crossing the Divide in the First Millennium BC Crossing the Divide in the First Millennium BC Crossing the Divide in the First Millennium BC 4 Contextualizing the Craft: Towards a Model of Travel in Later Prehistory Crossing the Divide in the First Millennium BC Crossing the Divide in the First Millennium BC 5 Conclusion Crossing the Divide in the First Millennium BC (p.531) Acknowledgements Crossing the Divide in the First Millennium BC Crossing the Divide in the First Millennium BC Crossing the Divide in the First Millennium BC The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west Symbols of Power in Ancestral Landscapes Leonardo García Sanjuán Abstract and Keywords 1 Introduction The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west 2 Old problems The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west (p.540) 3 New Evidence The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west 4 New Perspectives 4.1 Pairs The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west (p.550) 4.2 Ancestral landscapes The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west 5 Conclusion The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west Acknowledgements The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west The Warrior Stelae of the Iberian South-west Notes: Funerary Expression and Ideology in the Cogotas Culture Settlements in the Northern Meseta of the Iberian Peninsula Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Funerary Expression and Ideology in the Cogotas Culture Settlements in the Northern Meseta of the Iberian Peninsula Miguel Ángel Arnáiz Alonso Juan Montero Gutiérrez Abstract and Keywords 1 Introduction Funerary Expression and Ideology in the Cogotas Culture Settlements in the Northern Meseta of the Iberian Peninsula 2 A Brief Review of the Cogotas Archaeological Record Funerary Expression and Ideology in the Cogotas Culture Settlements in the Northern Meseta of the Iberian Peninsula Funerary Expression and Ideology in the Cogotas Culture Settlements in the Northern Meseta of the Iberian Peninsula Funerary Expression and Ideology in the Cogotas Culture Settlements in the Northern Meseta of the Iberian Peninsula 3 Identifying Ritual Practices in the Archaeological Record Funerary Expression and Ideology in the Cogotas Culture Settlements in the Northern Meseta of the Iberian Peninsula 4 Starting Point: Background of the Traditional Perspective Funerary Expression and Ideology in the Cogotas Culture Settlements in the Northern Meseta of the Iberian Peninsula 5 Discussing Social Organization and Economic Activities of the Cogotas Culture Funerary Expression and Ideology in the Cogotas Culture Settlements in the Northern Meseta of the Iberian Peninsula 5.1 Some general aspects concerning social organization 5.2 Relationships between palaeoeconomical evidence and surplus production Funerary Expression and Ideology in the Cogotas Culture Settlements in the Northern Meseta of the Iberian Peninsula Funerary Expression and Ideology in the Cogotas Culture Settlements in the Northern Meseta of the Iberian Peninsula Funerary Expression and Ideology in the Cogotas Culture Settlements in the Northern Meseta of the Iberian Peninsula Funerary Expression and Ideology in the Cogotas Culture Settlements in the Northern Meseta of the Iberian Peninsula Funerary Expression and Ideology in the Cogotas Culture Settlements in the Northern Meseta of the Iberian Peninsula 6 Interpreting Ideological use of Ritual Practices as Mechanisms of Social Control Funerary Expression and Ideology in the Cogotas Culture Settlements in the Northern Meseta of the Iberian Peninsula Funerary Expression and Ideology in the Cogotas Culture Settlements in the Northern Meseta of the Iberian Peninsula (p.570) 7 Conclusion Acknowledgements Funerary Expression and Ideology in the Cogotas Culture Settlements in the Northern Meseta of the Iberian Peninsula Funerary Expression and Ideology in the Cogotas Culture Settlements in the Northern Meseta of the Iberian Peninsula Funerary Expression and Ideology in the Cogotas Culture Settlements in the Northern Meseta of the Iberian Peninsula Funerary Expression and Ideology in the Cogotas Culture Settlements in the Northern Meseta of the Iberian Peninsula Funerary Expression and Ideology in the Cogotas Culture Settlements in the Northern Meseta of the Iberian Peninsula Funerary Expression and Ideology in the Cogotas Culture Settlements in the Northern Meseta of the Iberian Peninsula Warriors and Heroes from the North-east of Iberia: A View from the Funerary Contexts Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Warriors and Heroes from the North-east of Iberia: A View from the Funerary Contexts Raimon Graells Fabregat Abstract and Keywords 1 Introduction Warriors and Heroes from the North-east of Iberia: A View from the Funerary Contexts Warriors and Heroes from the North-east of Iberia: A View from the Funerary Contexts (p.577) 2 Weapon Graves: Hierarchy Warriors and Heroes from the North-east of Iberia: A View from the Funerary Contexts 2.1 Combination A: spear heads Warriors and Heroes from the North-east of Iberia: A View from the Funerary Contexts 2.2 Combination B: complete spear 2.3 Combination C: two spears Warriors and Heroes from the North-east of Iberia: A View from the Funerary Contexts (p.580) 2.4 Combination D: one or two spears and body armour3 2.5 Combination E: spear and sword 2.6 Combination F: two swords (p.581) 2.7 Combination G: hunting equipment, spears and body armour Warriors and Heroes from the North-east of Iberia: A View from the Funerary Contexts 3 Sword Graves Warriors and Heroes from the North-east of Iberia: A View from the Funerary Contexts Warriors and Heroes from the North-east of Iberia: A View from the Funerary Contexts 4 Isolated Heroes Warriors and Heroes from the North-east of Iberia: A View from the Funerary Contexts Warriors and Heroes from the North-east of Iberia: A View from the Funerary Contexts 5 Conclusions Warriors and Heroes from the North-east of Iberia: A View from the Funerary Contexts Warriors and Heroes from the North-east of Iberia: A View from the Funerary Contexts Warriors and Heroes from the North-east of Iberia: A View from the Funerary Contexts Warriors and Heroes from the North-east of Iberia: A View from the Funerary Contexts Notes: Warriors and Heroes from the North-east of Iberia: A View from the Funerary Contexts Warriors and Heroes from the North-east of Iberia: A View from the Funerary Contexts Headhunting and Social Power in Iron Age Europe Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Headhunting and Social Power in Iron Age Europe Ian Armit Abstract and Keywords 1 Introduction Headhunting and Social Power in Iron Age Europe 2 Headhunting and the Ancient Celts Headhunting and Social Power in Iron Age Europe Headhunting and Social Power in Iron Age Europe 3 The Iron Age of Southern France Headhunting and Social Power in Iron Age Europe 4 Human Crania from Settlement Sites: Languedoc Headhunting and Social Power in Iron Age Europe Headhunting and Social Power in Iron Age Europe Headhunting and Social Power in Iron Age Europe Headhunting and Social Power in Iron Age Europe Headhunting and Social Power in Iron Age Europe Headhunting and Social Power in Iron Age Europe 5 The Iconography of Headhunting: Provence Headhunting and Social Power in Iron Age Europe Headhunting and Social Power in Iron Age Europe Headhunting and Social Power in Iron Age Europe 6 Headhunting and Social Power Headhunting and Social Power in Iron Age Europe Headhunting and Social Power in Iron Age Europe 7 Conclusion Headhunting and Social Power in Iron Age Europe Acknowledgements Headhunting and Social Power in Iron Age Europe Headhunting and Social Power in Iron Age Europe Headhunting and Social Power in Iron Age Europe Headhunting and Social Power in Iron Age Europe The Ritual Representation of the Body during the Late Iron Age in Northern France Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada The Ritual Representation of the Body during the Late Iron Age in Northern France Valérie Delattre Abstract and Keywords The Ritual Representation of the Body during the Late Iron Age in Northern France 1 Treatment of the Dead The Ritual Representation of the Body during the Late Iron Age in Northern France 2 Satisfying the Chthonian Divinities 3 The Tomb as an Accesible Space The Ritual Representation of the Body during the Late Iron Age in Northern France The Ritual Representation of the Body during the Late Iron Age in Northern France 4 Skulls of Ancestors or Enemies? The Ritual Representation of the Body during the Late Iron Age in Northern France (p.613) 5 Conclusion The Ritual Representation of the Body during the Late Iron Age in Northern France Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Richard Hingley Abstract and Keywords 1 Introduction Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin 1.1 Histories of archaeology and origin myths Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin 1.2 The myths behind the writing of the Iron Age past Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin 2 Barbarism and Civilization and the Origins of Archaeology Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin 3 Iron Age Archaeology and ‘The Celtic Controversy’ Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin 4 A Critical and Constructive History of Later Prehistoric Peoples Acknowledgements Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Notes: Iron Age Knowledge: Pre-Roman Peoples and Myths of Origin Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent Reading Edward Gibbon’s The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire and Examining the Significance of Landscape, Place, and Water in Settlement Studies Adam Rogers Abstract and Keywords 1 Introduction Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent 2 Background to Gibbon’s Life Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent 3 Reading Gibbon Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent 4 Gibbon’s Attitude Towards Pre-Roman Settlement Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent 5 Gibbon and ‘Landscape’ Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent 6 Rethinking Late Iron Age Landscape and Settlement Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent 7 Conclusions Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent Ancient sources Modern sources Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent Notes: Exploring Late Iron Age Settlement in Britain and the Near Continent The ‘Introduction to Ethnicity Syndrome’ in Proto-historical Archaeology Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada The ‘Introduction to Ethnicity Syndrome’ in Proto-historical Archaeology Guillermo-Sven Reher Díez Abstract and Keywords 1 The ‘Introduction to Ethnicity Syndrome’ The ‘Introduction to Ethnicity Syndrome’ in Proto-historical Archaeology 2 Ethnicity in Anthropology and Archaeology The ‘Introduction to Ethnicity Syndrome’ in Proto-historical Archaeology The ‘Introduction to Ethnicity Syndrome’ in Proto-historical Archaeology The ‘Introduction to Ethnicity Syndrome’ in Proto-historical Archaeology The ‘Introduction to Ethnicity Syndrome’ in Proto-historical Archaeology 3 Ethnicity in Protohistorical Archaeology The ‘Introduction to Ethnicity Syndrome’ in Proto-historical Archaeology The ‘Introduction to Ethnicity Syndrome’ in Proto-historical Archaeology 4 Overcoming the Syndrome in Protohistorical Archaeology The ‘Introduction to Ethnicity Syndrome’ in Proto-historical Archaeology The ‘Introduction to Ethnicity Syndrome’ in Proto-historical Archaeology The ‘Introduction to Ethnicity Syndrome’ in Proto-historical Archaeology 5 Conclusions The ‘Introduction to Ethnicity Syndrome’ in Proto-historical Archaeology The ‘Introduction to Ethnicity Syndrome’ in Proto-historical Archaeology The ‘Introduction to Ethnicity Syndrome’ in Proto-historical Archaeology The ‘Introduction to Ethnicity Syndrome’ in Proto-historical Archaeology The ‘Introduction to Ethnicity Syndrome’ in Proto-historical Archaeology Notes: Boundaries, Status, and Conflict Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada Boundaries, Status, and Conflict An Exploration of Iron Age Research in the Twentieth Century Niall Sharples Abstract and Keywords 1 Introduction Boundaries, Status, and Conflict Boundaries, Status, and Conflict 2 Sub-Disciplines Boundaries, Status, and Conflict 3 Oppositions Boundaries, Status, and Conflict Boundaries, Status, and Conflict Boundaries, Status, and Conflict Boundaries, Status, and Conflict (p.675) 4 Cultural Theory Boundaries, Status, and Conflict Boundaries, Status, and Conflict Boundaries, Status, and Conflict 5 Conclusion Boundaries, Status, and Conflict Boundaries, Status, and Conflict Boundaries, Status, and Conflict Boundaries, Status, and Conflict Boundaries, Status, and Conflict Notes: Boundaries, Status, and Conflict (p.683) Index Tom Moore and Xosê-Lois Armada (p.683) Index (p.683) Index (p.683) Index (p.683) Index (p.683) Index (p.683) Index (p.683) Index (p.683) Index (p.683) Index (p.683) Index (p.683) Index (p.683) Index