The Roots of Revolt: A Political Economy of Egypt from Nasser to Mubarak

Description

A conceptually rich, historically informed, and interdisciplinary study of the contentious politics emerging out of decades of authoritarian neoliberal economic reform, The Roots of Revolt examines the contested political economy of Egypt from Nasser to Mubarak, just prior to the Arab Uprisings of 2010–11. Based on extensive fieldwork conducted across rural and urban Egypt, Angela Joya employs an 'on the ground' approach to critical political economy that challenges the interpretations of Egyptian politics put forward by scholars of both democratization and authoritarianism. By critically reassessing the relationship between democracy and capitalist development, Joya demonstrates how renewed authoritarian politics were required to institutionalize neoliberal reforms demanded by the International Monetary Fund, presenting the real-world impact of economic policy on the lives of ordinary Egyptians before the Arab Uprisings. Cover Half-title Title page Copyright information Contents List of Figures and Tables Figures Tables Acknowledgements 1 Neoliberal Authoritarianism in Contemporary Egypt The Purpose and Scope of the Study Capitalism and Democracy in Mubarak's Egypt Resilient Authoritarianism and Networks of Privilege Capitalism against Democracy Accumulation by Dispossession Class, State and Society in the Middle East From Dispossession to Resistance to Revolt Sources Structure of the Book 2 The Developmentalist State and the Market Economy: From Nasser to Sadat From Independence to Arab Socialism Important Substitution Industrialization Agrarian Reform Workers and Peasants The Contradictions and Limits of Arab Socialism Economic Liberalization under Anwar Sadat Class, Property and State Power Crisis and Conflict: The Outcomes of Infitah Conclusion 3 ''We Need the Government to Unleash Us, the Tigers'': Mubarak and the Neoliberal Turn Accumulation, Dispossession and the Transformation of the State The Crisis of the 1980s The Neoliberal Turn, 1991–1995 The Minister of the Poor, 1996–1999 From Crisis to Consolidation, 1999–2004 The Government of Businessmen, 2004–2011 Neoliberal Class Formation Conclusion 4 ''We Feed the Nation'': The Military as a Fraction of Capital The Military as a Class Fraction From Nationalist Revolution to Infitah The Military under Nasser The Military under Sadat The Military under Mubarak The Military and Economic Liberalization The 2000s Conclusion 5 The Mosque and the Market: The Muslim Brotherhood The Muslim Brotherhood: Islam, the Market and the Moral Economy Islamism against the State: The Brotherhood Islam against the Left: The Brotherhood under Sadat The Brotherhood under Mubarak The Muslim Brothers and Economic Liberalization The New Guard Breakthroughs and Crackdowns, 2004-2010 Conclusion 6 ''Strike like an Egyptian'': Workers and the Collapse of the Authoritarian Bargain The Corporatist Compromise and the Authoritarian State Labour Market Dualism and Informality in the Egyptian Labour Market Privatization, Liberalization and the Decline of the Corporatist Compromise Increased Employer Power, Unemployment and Informality in the Labour Market The Rise of Worker Protest Conclusion 7 ''You Let the Dogs Eat the Peasants'': Peasants, Small Farmers and Accumulation by Dispossession Agricultural Liberalization Accumulation by Dispossession and Agrarian Change The Expropriating State The Violence of Dispossession Dispossession for Industrial Development Dispossession and Tourism and Luxury Development Poverty, Agrarian Change and Rural Discontent Contentious Politics, Collective Action and Class Struggle Conclusion Conclusion Egypt under Mubarak Accumulation by Dispossession and the Fragmentation of Egyptian Capital Neoliberal Authoritarianism and Contentious Politics Bibliography Index