Ambiguous Gender in Early Modern Spain and Portugal

Description

From the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions conducted a number of trials against individuals accused by members of their communities of being of the other gender – men accused of being women and women accused of being men – or even hermaphrodites. Using new inquisitorial sources, this study examines the complexities revolving around transgenderism and the construction of gender identity in the early modern Iberian World. It throws light upon the manner in which the Inquisition, medical practitioners and the wider society in Spain and Portugal responded to transgenderism and on the self-perception of individuals whose behaviour, whether consciously or unconsciously, flouted these social and sexual conventions. François Soyer, Ph.D. (2007), University of Cambridge, is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society. He is currently a lecturer in early modern history at Southampton (UK) and an Australian Research Council research fellow at the University of Adelaide (Australia). Table of contents List of Illustrations .. vii Acknowledgements.. ix Note to the Reader.. xi Maps. xiii Introduction.. 1 1 Gender Stereotypes and Sexual Transgressions in Early Modern Spain and Portugal.. 17 2 Inquisitors and Hermaphrodites… 50 3 “A Woman Married as a Man”: The Trial of Francisco Roca (1649–1650).. 96 4 “Father Paula”: The Trial of Father Pedro Furtado (1698–1701)…125 5 The “She-Man” of Ervedal: The Trial of Joseph “Josepha” Martins (1725)… 181 6 Sister Maria’s Secret Penis: The Trial of Maria Duran (1741–1744).. 210 Conclusion… 286 Appendix… 305 Bibliography… 315