First Aid Clinical Pattern Recognition for the USMLE Step 1

Description

This groundbreaking new guide helps you logically associate and link symptoms to likely diagnoses/conditions―a critical skill for passing the USMLE Step 1    Despite the recent changes to the USMLE Step 1, it remains a very important exam for medical students. In order to navigate the vignette-based questions, students must be able to determine a diagnosis based on the vignette, then understand the science behind the diagnosis―a process called pattern recognition. This innovative guide will help you master  pattern recognition―a crucial skill to develop in order to thrive throughout the medical school curriculum.  Organized by symptom to reflect exactly what you’ll see on test day, First Aid Clinical Pattern Recognition for the USMLE Step 1 provides overviews for more than 50 symptoms, discussing differential diagnosis and the principles that should inform your thinking about each symptom. Overviews are followed by Step 1-style vignettes for every potential diagnosis that may be included in the Step 1 exam. Then, each vignette is followed by the diagnosis―and competing diagnoses―along with explanations of why the patterns fit for the correct diagnosis.  Guiding principles provide important information (such as which diagnoses are common, which are rare, which are acute, which are chronic, etc.) to enhance the way you think about each symptom. Each vignette contains classic history/physical exam and lab/test findings that would be observed in a typical presentation of the disease. Cover Title Copyright Contents Introduction Biochemistry FAILURE TO THRIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY OR REGRESSION INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY DYSMORPHIC FEATURES PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES MUSCLE WEAKNESS BONE AND JOINT ABNORMALITIES ALTERED MENTAL STATUS NEUROPATHY HEMATOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES DERMATITIS OR RASH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS DYSLIPIDEMIAS Immunology PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS BLOOD TRANSFUSION REACTIONS TRANSPLANT REJECTION Microbiology FEVER AND HEADACHE FEVER AND COUGH FEVER AND NIGHT SWEATS FEVER AND ARTHRITIS FEVER AND SORE THROAT FEVER AND HIV/AIDS DYSURIA GENITAL LESIONS AND STI VAGINAL DISCHARGE AND PELVIC INFECTIONS TRANSPLACENTAL INFECTIONS DIARRHEA (INFECTIOUS) Pathology CELLULAR ADAPTATIONS, INJURY, AND DEATH INFLAMMATION WOUND HEALING INTRACELLULAR ACCUMULATIONS AND PATHOLOGIC CALCIFICATION NEOPLASIA Pharmacology PHARMACOKINETICS AUTONOMIC DRUGS—CHOLINOMIMETICS AUTONOMIC DRUGS—MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS AUTONOMIC DRUGS—SYMPATHOMIMETICS AUTONOMIC DRUGS—SYMPATHOLYTICS DRUG REACTIONS TOXICITIES BEERS CRITERIA® Public Health Sciences STUDY DESIGN STUDY BIASES EVALUATION OF TEST RESULTS TEST CUTOFFS RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC (ROC) CURVE QUANTIFYING RISK STATISTICAL TESTS, ERRORS, AND VALIDITY CORE ETHICAL PRINCIPLES AND SITUATIONS HEALTH CARE LAW Cardiovascular CHEST PAIN—CARDIAC DYSPNEA—CARDIAC MURMURS CARDIAC TUMORS CYANOSIS PALPITATIONS SYNCOPE SHOCK MISCELLANEOUS CASES VASCULITIDES Endocrinology HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS DISORDERS HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY DISORDERS ADRENAL GLAND DISORDERS THYROID DISORDERS PARATHYROID DISORDERS PANCREATIC ENDOCRINE DISORDERS NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS Gastrointestinal DYSPHAGIA AND ODYNOPHAGIA ABDOMINAL AND RECTAL PAIN GI BLEED NAUSEA AND VOMITING DIARRHEA, CONSTIPATION, AND STEATORRHEA JAUNDICE ASCITES Hematology and Oncology ANEMIA PORPHYRIA THROMBOCYTOPENIA COAGULOPATHIES MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS LEUKEMIA LYMPHOMA PLASMA CELL DYSCRASIAS Musculoskeletal, Dermatology, and Connective Tissue WRIST/HAND SYMPTOMS ELBOW SYMPTOMS SHOULDER/NECK SYMPTOMS DISTORTIONS OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY ANKLE/FOOT SYMPTOMS KNEE SYMPTOMS HIP SYMPTOMS MISCELLANEOUS PRESENTATIONS MUSCULOSKELETAL PRESENTATIONS IN CHILDREN MUSCULOSKELETAL TUMORS BACK SYMPTOMS OTHER RHEUMATIC AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES RAISED SKIN LESIONS SKIN PIGMENT CHANGES BLISTERS RASH WITH FEVER RASH WITHOUT FEVER Neurology and Special Senses HEADACHE BRAIN TUMORS WEAKNESS SENSORY ABNORMALITIES ALTERED MENTAL STATUS (AMS) MOVEMENT DISORDERS ATAXIA SEIZURES EYE REDNESS ACUTE VISION LOSS MOTILITY AND PUPIL ABNORMALITIES CHRONIC VISION LOSS VISUAL FIELD DEFECTS HEARING LOSS DIZZINESS AND VERTIGO Psychiatry CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY EGO DEFENSES AMNESIA, DISSOCIATION, AND DELIRIUM PSYCHOSIS MOOD DISORDERS POSTPARTUM DISORDERS ANXIETY SPECTRUM DISORDERS PERSONALITY DISORDERS FACTITIOUS AND SOMATIC DISORDERS EATING DISORDERS PSYCHIATRIC PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG EMERGENCIES DRUG INTOXICATION AND WITHDRAWAL Renal ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY (AKI) CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) ALBUMINURIA AND PROTEINURIA HEMATURIA FLANK PAIN CONGENITAL URINARY TRACT ANOMALIES PEDIATRIC ABDOMINAL MASS RENAL CYSTIC DISEASE URINARY INCONTINENCE ELECTROLYTE DISTURBANCES ACID–BASE DISORDERS Reproductive (OB/GYN and Urology) NORMAL FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY NORMAL PREGNANCY AND LABOR NORMAL INFANT/CHILD MILESTONES ABNORMALITIES IN PREGNANCY GYNECOLOGY BREAST DISORDERS AND BREAST CANCERS INFERTILITY SCROTAL SWELLING OR MASS SCROTAL PAIN URETHRAL DISCHARGE CONGENITAL PENILE ABNORMALITIES ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION URINARY RETENTION Respiratory DYSPNEA CYANOSIS, HYPOXIA, AND HYPOXEMIA CHEST PAIN—PULMONARY CAUSES COUGH AND HEMOPTYSIS UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT HEAD AND NECK MASS LUNG CANCERS EXCESSIVE DAYTIME SLEEPINESS EDEMA