The Emergence of Ukraine: Self-Determination, Occupation, and War in Ukraine, 1917–1922

Description

The Emergence of Ukraine: Self-Determination, Occupation, and War in Ukraine, 1917–1922, is a collection of articles by several prominent historians from Austria, Germany, Poland, Ukraine, and Russia who undertook a detailed study of the formation of the independent Ukrainian state in 1918 and, in particular, of the occupation of Ukraine by the Central Powers in the final year of the First World War. A slightly condensed version of the German language Die Ukraine zwischen Selbstbestimmung und Fremdherrschaft 1917–1922 (Graz, 2011), this book provides, on the one hand, a systematic outline of events in Ukraine during one of the most complex periods of twentieth century European history, when the Austro-Hungarian and Russian empires collapsed at the end of the Great War and new independent nation-states emerged in Central and Eastern Europe. On the other hand, several chapters of this book provide detailed studies of specific aspects of the occupation of Ukraine by German and Austro-Hungarian troops following the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signed on 9 February 1918 between the Central Powers and the Ukrainian People’s Republic. For the first time, these chapters offer English speaking readers a wealth of hitherto unknown historical information based on thorough research and evaluation of documents from military archives in Vienna, Freiburg, Berlin, Munich, and Stuttgart. The first section of the book deals with military aspects of the German and Austro-Hungarian conquest of Ukraine in 1918, the suppression of uprisings, occupation, and retreat; it also discusses the administration of occupied territory, the economic utilization of the country, the occupying powers’ relations with the Ukrainian government, and the internal Ukrainian perspective on the occupation. The second section details developments in Ukraine between 1917 and 1922. The third section deals with the Central Powers’ policies toward Eastern Europe in general and Ukraine in particular, while the fourth and final section is an analysis of the international context of Ukraine’s efforts to establish a state during this period. This book is an essential resource for anyone interested in the history of the First World War and the modern history of Central and Eastern Europe. Translated from the German by Gus Fagan Partial translation of 'Die Ukraine: zwischen selbstbestimmung und fremdherrschaft' List of Maps, vii List of Illustrations, viii Publisher’s Preface, Marko Robert Stech, ix Editor’s Preface, Wolfram Dornik, xiii Introduction, Wolfram Dornik, xv 1. Eastern Europe between War and Revolution, 1914–1922, 1 1a. A Time of Troubles: Revolutionary Upheavals and Armed Conflicts in the Former Tsarist Empire, 1917–1922 , Hannes Leidinger, 1 1b. The Ukrainian Policy of the Central Powers during the First World War, Peter Lieb and Wolfram Dornik, 37 2. Ukrainian Efforts at State-Building between Independence and Foreign Domination, 76 2a. Ukraine between Revolution, Independence, and Foreign Dominance, Georgiy Kasianov, 76 2b. The Western Ukrainian People’s Republic of 1918–1919, Vasyl Rasevych, 132 3. The German Empire and Austria-Hungary as Occupiers of Ukraine in 1918, 155 3a. Military Operations, Peter Lieb and Wolfram Dornik, 155 3b. The Administration of the Occupation, Wolfram Dornik and Peter Lieb, 202 3c. Economic Utilization, Wolfram Dornik and Peter Lieb, 235 3d. The View from Within: Everyday Life during the Occupation, Vasyl Rasevych, 280 4. Ukraine in International Relations in 1918, 298 4a. Russia’s Ukrainian Policy before 1917, Alexei Miller, 298 4b. The Ukrainian Policy of Bolshevik Russia, 1917–1922, Bogdan Musial, 321 4c-e. Limits to Power: Ukraine in the Strategies of the Allied Powers, 1917–1924, Hannes Leidinger and Wolfram Dornik, 347 4f. Poland’s Ukrainian Policy, 1918–1922, Bogdan Musial, 369 Conclusion, 386 Looking Ahead: A Comparison of the Occupation Regimes of 1918 and 1941–1944, Peter Lieb, Wolfram Dornik, and Georgiy Kasianov, 386 Concluding Observations, Wolfram Dornik, 399 Appendix, 407 List of Sources, 407 Abbreviations, 419 Index Authors