Engineering Physics II (For JNTUK)

Description

Cover Contents Preface Road map to the Syllabus Chapter 1: Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Computing 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Schrödinger’s time-independent wave equation 1.3 Physical significance of the wave function 1.4 Particle in a potential box Particle in a one-dimensional Box [or one Dimensional Potential well] Determination of B by Normalization Probability of location of the particle Particle in a Rectangular Three-Dimensional Box 1.5 Suitability of quantum system for information processing 1.6 Quantum states 1.7 Classical bits 1.8 Quantum bits or qubits 1.9 Multiple qubits 1.10 Bloch sphere 1.11 Quantum gates 1.12 Advantages of quantum computing over classical computing Formulae Solved Problems Multiple Choice Questions Answers Review Questions Chapter 2: Electron Theory of Metals 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Classical free Electron Theory of Metals To study electrical conductivity 2.3 Relaxation time, mean free path, mean collision time and drift velocity 2.4 Fermi-Dirac distribution 2.5 Quantum free electron theory of electrical conduction 2.6 Sources of electrical resistance [Electron scattering and resistance] Formulae Solved Problems Multiple Choice Questions Answers Review Questions Chapter 3: Band Theory of Solids 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Kronig–Penney model—origin of energy bands 3.3 Bloch theorem 3.4 Origin of energy bands formation in solids 3.5 Velocity and effective mass of an electron Effective mass of an electron 3.6 Classification of materials into conductors, semiconductors and insulators Formulae Multiple Choice Questions Answers Review Questions Chapter 4: Magnetic Properties 4.1 Magnetic permeability 4.2 Magnetization (M ) 4.3 Origin of magnetic moment— Bohr magneton—electron spin Magnetic moment due to orbital motion of electrons and orbital angular momentum Magnetic moment due to spin of the electrons Magnetic moment due to nuclear spin 4.4 Classification of magnetic materials Diamagnetic materials Paramagnetic materials Ferromagnetic materials Anti-ferromagnetic m aterials Ferrimagnetic materials [Ferrites] 4.5 Classical theory of diamagnetism [Langevin theory] 4.6 Theory of paramagnetism 4.7 Domain theory of ferromagnetism Effect of temperature Experimental evidences for domain structure Origin of [Ferromagnetic] Domains Exchange energy Magnetic field energy Anisotropy energy Domain wall [or Bloch Wall] energy Magnetostrictive energy Explanation for origin of domains 4.8 Hysteresis curve 4.9 Anti-ferromagnetic substances 4.10 Ferrimagnetic substances [Ferrites] 4.11 Soft and hard magnetic materials Soft magnetic materials Hard magnetic materials 4.12 Applications of ferrites Formulae Solved Problems Multiple Choice Questions Answers Review Questions Chapter 5: Superconductivity 5.1 Introduction 5.2 General features of superconductors 5.3 Type-I and Type-II superconductors 5.4 Penetration depth 5.5 Flux quantization 5.6 Quantum tunnelling 5.7 DC and AC Josephson’s effect 5.8 BCS theory Description Coherent length BCS ground state 5.9 Applications of superconductivity Magnetic applications Superconducting magnets Magnetic bearings Electrical applications Loss-less power transmission Superconductor fuse and breaker Cryotron switch Computer applications Josephson junction devices Maglev vehicles Medical applications Superconducting sensitive magnetometer Superconductors in medicine Formulae Solved Problems Multiple Choice Questions Answers Review Questions Chapter 6: Dielectric Properties 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Dielectric constant 6.3 Internal or local field 6.4 Clausius–Mosotti relation 6.5 Orientational, ionic and electronic polarizations Dipolar or orientational polarization Ionic polarization Electronic polarization 6.6 Frequency dependence of polarizability: (Dielectrics in alternating fields) 6.7 Piezoelectricity 6.8 Ferroelectricity 6.9 Frequency dependence of dielectric constant Orientational polarization Ionic polarization Electronic polarization 6.10 Important requirements of insulators Electrical requirements Thermal requirements Mechanical requirements Chemical requirements Formulae Solved Problems Multiple Choice Questions Answers Review Questions Chapter 7: Semiconductors 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Intrinsic semiconductors—carrier concentration Electron concentration For hole concentration To evaluate Fermi energy To find intrinsic concentration (ni ) 7.3 Electrical conductivity of a semiconductor To find energy gap of a semiconductor Increase of temperature to double the conductivity 7.4 Extrinsic semiconductors 7.5 Carrier concentration in extrinsic semiconductors 7.6 Minority carrier life time 7.7 Drift and diffusion currents Drift current Diffusion current 7.8 Einstein’s relations 7.9 Continuity equation 7.10 Hall effect 7.11 Direct and indirect band gap semiconductors Formulae Solved Problems Multiple Choice Questions Answers Review Questions Chapter 8: Physics of Nanomaterials 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Properties of nanomaterials Physical properties Geometric structure Optical properties Thermal properties Magnetic properties Electronic properties Mechanical properties Chemical properties 8.3 Preparation (Fabrication) of nanomaterials 8.4 Production of nanomaterials Plasma arcing Sol–gel method Chemical vapour deposition Ball milling Electrodeposition 8.5 Surface occupancy–Reduction of dimensionality 8.6 Quantum wells 8.7 Quantum wire 8.8 Quantum dots 8.9 Density of states and energy spectrum of nanomaterials 8.10 Carbon nanotubes Introduction Formation of nanotubes Properties of nanotubes Applications of nanotubes 8.11 Applications of nanomaterials Multiple Choice Questions Answers Review Questions Model Question Papers Model Question Paper I Model Question Paper II Model Question Paper III Model Question Paper IV Solutions to Model Question Paper I Solutions to Model Question Paper II Solutions to Model Question Paper III Solutions to Model Question Paper IV