The Making of Medieval Sardinia

Description

This landmark volume combines classic and revisionist essays to explore the historiography of Sardinia’s exceptional transition from an island of the Byzantine empire to the rise of its own autonomous rulers, the iudikes, by the 1000s. Half Title Series Information Title Page Copyright Page Contents Acknowledgments Maps and FIgures List of Contributors Abbreviations The Making of Medieval Sardinia: A Historiographical Introduction 1 Sardinia in the Roman Empire 2 The Advent of Christianity 3 Byzantinisation in Sardinia 4 The Monetary Economy of Byzantine Sardinia and the Question of the Mint 5 Post-conquest Africa and Sardinia 6 Sardinia and the Muslims 7 From Archontes to Iudikes 8 The Latin Church, Charters and the Condaghes 9 Architecture and the Arts Chapter 1 Discovery, Invention, and Supposition: Three Case Studies from Medieval Sardinia 1 Introduction 2 Cuerpos santos, Their ‘archaeology’ and the Beginning of an Imagined Medieval Past 3 The Falsi of Arborea and the Historiography of Medieval Sardinia in the Nineteenth Century 4 Of Saints and Charters: Shaping Sardinian ‘national’ Memory 5 A New Quest: The Seals of the Carte volgari Chapter 2 Ancient Historical Contexts: Phoenicians, Carthage, Rome and the Barbaricini 1 Prehistory 2 The Late Nuragic Period: The Heroes of Mont’e Prama, Aristotle and Timeless Therapeutic Sleep 3 Phoenicians and Carthaginians in Sardinia 4 Roman Occupation: Clientage and the Fortunes of the Populares 5 Inland Barbaria 6 On the Ethnic Origin of the Sards 7 A ‘national’ History: Natio, Gens, Genus According to Cicero and Varro 8 The Revolts 9 The Latifundia Economy 10 An Island Society 11 Sardo–Punic and Roman Institutions 12 Popular Religiosity: Sardus Pater 13 Christianity 14 The Vandals 15 The Byzantine Era 16 Roman Heritage in Medieval Sardinia Chapter 3 Saints, Cults, Sanctuaries, and Monasteries 1 Introduction 2 Saints and Monks in the Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Sixth Century 3 The Seventh Century 4 The Eighth-Century ‘break’ in the Byzantine Empire and Its Effects on the Spread of Cults and Monasticism in Sardinia 5 The Ninth Century and the ‘Macedonian Renaissance’: A New Hellenisation of Sardinia? 6 The Tenth and the Eleventh Centuries: The End of the Byzantine Age in Sardinia Chapter 4 Early Muslim Raids on Byzantine Sardinia 1 Introduction 2 Chronology and Sources for the Raids of the 700s 3 Muslim Strategies against Sicily and Sardinia: To Raid or to Conquer? 4 Sardinia in Early Muslim Political Geographies 5 Occidentalism: Perceptions of Sardinia’s Politics and People 6 Conquest Historiography: From Didactic Fictions to Annalistic Chronicles 7 Western Historiography: From the Medieval to the Renaissance 8 Early Modern Arabists and Risorgimento Orientalists 9 New Theories: Linguistics, Toponymy and Dialect Studies 10 Back to the Future: Pseudo-Methodius’ Apocalypse 11 The Muslim Periphery in the Central Mediterranean 12 Summary and Conclusions Chapter 5 Byzantine Administrative Influence in Medieval Sardinia Chapter 6 The Coinage of Byzantine Sardinia 1 Introduction 2 ‘S’ for Sardinia: The Evidence from Justinian ii 3 Leontius 4 Tiberius iii 5 Justinian ii’s Second Reign 6 Anastasius ii 7 Theodosius iii 8 Leo iii 9 Before Justinian ii: The Quest for the Retrograde ‘S’ 10 The Rise and Fall of the ‘Byzantine mint of Sardinia’ Chapter 7 The Iudex Sardiniae and the Archon Sardanias between the Sixth and Eleventh Century 1 Introduction 2 The Envoy to Louis the Pious in 815 3 Iudices / ἄρχοντες: Ninth and Tenth Centuries 4 Mujāhid and the End of the Archontate of Sardinia 5 The Fragmentation of the Archontate of Sardinia 6 The Archontate and Giudicato of Arborea 7 The Giudicato of Calari 8 The Kingdom of Torres 9 The Giudicato of Gallura 10 From the Iudex Provinciae to the ἄρχων Σαρδενίας According to Roman–Byzantine Legal Sources 11 Some Conclusions Chapter 8 Muslim Contacts with Sardinia: From Fatimid Ifrīqiya to Mujāhid of Dénia 1 Sardinia and the Byzantine West 2 The Fatimid Attack on Genoa and Sardinia 3 The Sardinian Envoy to Cordoba 4 Geopolitical Change in the Western Mediterranean of the Early 1000s 5 The Mujāhid Expedition to Sardinia 6 On the Death and Resurrection of Mālūt 7 The Spain-to-Sardinia transit route from the 1000s 8 The Santa Maria Navarrese Locket 9 Arab-Muslim Funereal Epigraphy in Sardinia Chapter 9 The Role of the Church in the Rise of the Sardinian Giudicati 1 Historiographical Traditions and Problems 2 The Vita Sancti Mamiliani et Sentii 3 Sardinia Aligned with the Rest of Christendom 4 The Wider Papal Space in the Tyrrhenian Sea 5 Recognition of the Reform: A Question of Political Survival? 6 Upheavals Caused by the Reform Movement 7 Cluny, Saint-Victor, and Rome 8 A First Attempt at Synthesis Chapter 10 Sociolinguistic Dynamics and Dynastic Names in Byzantine and Early Medieval Sardinia Chapter 11 The Earliest Charter Sources from Medieval Sardinia 1 Between the Byzantine and Early giudicale Periods:The Contribution of Sphragistics 2 Documentation of the Eleventh Century 3 Greek-Latin Digraphia 4 Latin-Sardinian Bilingualism 5 Document Types and Scribanos 6 Diplomatic Models 7 Origins and Development of Diplomatic Formularies Chapter 12 Language and Vernacular Writing in Medieval Sardinia Chapter 13 Visual Arts in Early Medieval Sardinia: Painting, Sculpture and Metalwork 1 Introduction 2 The Key Issues 3 Painting 4 Metalwork 5 Sculpture 6 Conclusions Chapter 14 Aspects of Medieval Architecture in Sardinia in the Eleventh and Twelfth Century 1 Introduction 2 A New Artistic Language in the Making 3 On Santa Maria del Regno at Àrdara 4 Architecture and Internal Space in Santa Maria del Regno at Àrdara 5 The Issue of Àrdara’s Capitals 6 Final Thoughts about Santa Maria del Regno 7 San Saturnino at Cagliari and the Architecture of the Victorines 8 Some Concluding Remarks Bibliography Index