RF Electronics: Design and Simulation

Description

RF Electronics Design and Simulation Contents and Preface Contents Preface Acknowledgment About the Author Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction RF Electronics Design Computer Simulation References Chapter 2: Computer Simulation Introduction Basic Operation Example 2.1: Low-pass Filter Equations in AWRDE Optimisation Example 2.2: Diplexer Example 2.3: Amplifier Transistor Models Determination of Transmission Line Parameters Nonlinear Simulation Time Domain Transient Circuit Simulation Example 2.4: Buck DC-DC Converter Harmonic Balance Circuit Simulation Black Box Matching of Circuits to Measurements Example 2.5: Bandpass T Matching Network S Parameter Measurements Impedance Measurements Summary References Chapter 3: Transformers and Hybrids Transformers and Hybrids Introduction Wideband Transformers Example 3.1: RF Transformer Design Bifilar and Trifilar Windings Transmission line transformers with ferrite cores Transformer Hybrids Power Combiner / Splitter Wilkinson Transformer Hybrid Example 3.2: Wilkinson Transformer Hybrid Design Transmission Line Hybrid with Ferrite Cores Many way hybrids References Chapter 4: Transmission Line Transformers and Hybrids Introduction Example 4.1: Bandwidth Calculation Wilkinson Transmission Line Hybrid Compensated Wilkinson Hybrid Unequal Split Wilkinson Hybrid Wideband Wilkinson Hybrid Example 4.2: 90 MHz to 270 MHz Wilkinson Hybrid Quarter Wave Hybrid or 1.5 ( Rat-race Hybrid Branchline Coupler Backward Travelling Wave Hybrid Edge-Coupled Lines Example 4.2: 20 dB coupler Lange Coupler Broadside coupled lines Example 3: 100 Watt 3 dB Broadside Coupler References Chapter 5: Frequency Mixers Frequency Mixers Introduction Definition of Terms Conversion Loss Isolation Compression Point Dynamic Range Two-tone Third Order Intermodulation Distortion Third Order Intercept Point LO Level Example 5.1: Mixer LO Level Calculation Single Diode Mixer Computer simulation of Mixers Balanced Mixer Double Balanced Mixer Microwave Mixers Microwave mixer using a Branchline Coupler Active Single transistor mixer Gilbert Cell Active Mixer: Quadrature Mixers Active IQ Mixers Examples of Commercial Active Mixers Image Reject Mixers LTCC Mixers Other Mixers Additional Resources References Chapter 6: Oscillators Principles of Oscillators Requirements Oscillator Types Positive Feedback Oscillators Oscillator Design Process Frequency Selective Networks Oscillator Design Procedure Step 1: Select an amplifier type Step 2: Design an amplifier Step 3: Design a resonator Step 4: Linear Oscillator Analysis Step 5: Nonlinear Oscillator Analysis Crystal Oscillators Quartz Crystals Example 6.1: Crystal Oscillator Design RF and Microwave Oscillators Example 6.2: 1 GHz Microstrip Oscillator Design Dual Resonator Oscillator Design Improvements References Chapter 7: RF Filters Introduction Electrical Filters Acoustic filters: Filter Design Revision Filter Tables Butterworth Filters Bessel filter Chebyshev Filter Cauer-Chebyshev Filter RF Lowpass Filter design Bandpass Filter Design LC Bandpass Filters Low-Pass to Band-Pass Transformation LC Coupled Resonator Filter HF Filters Cauer-Chebyshev Bandpass filters Parallel Coupled-Line Filter Example 7.1: 1 GHz, 70 MHz Bandwidth Filter Hairpin Filter Helical Filters Example 7.2: 100 MHz, 1 MHz Bandwidth Filter Interdigital Filters Round Rod Interdigital Filters PCB Interdigital filters Example 7.3: 1 GHz, 70 MHz Bandpass Filter Direct-Coupled Resonator Filters Example 7.4: 1 GHz, 500 MHz Bandwidth Filter Fine Tuning the Filter Microstrip Filter Comparison EM Simulation Coaxial Filters Ceramic Filters SAW Filters References Chapter 8: Amplifiers: Stability, Noise and Gain Introduction MMIC Requirement for Stability Smith Chart Revision Scattering Parameters Revision Stability Stability Circles Unconditional Stability Conditional Stability Stability Factors: Measures of Stability Design for Maximum Gain Amplifier Noise Figure Improving the Noise Figure Improving Amplifier Stability Couplers at input and output Resistors at Output References Chapter 9: Impedance Matching of Power Amplifiers Impedance Matching of Power Amplifiers Introduction Large Signal Parameters: Types of Matching: Choice of Components and Q value LC Matching Pi Network Low Pass T Network Bandpass L network Bandpass T network Capacitive Impedance Transformer Example 1: 150 MHz, 35 W Amplifier Pi network Lowpass T network BandPass L Network Bandpass T network Capacitive Transformer Network Transformer matching Transmission-line Matching Broadband Matching Example 2: Broadband Amplifier References Chapter 10: Circuit Manufacture Circuit Manufacture Introduction Subtractive Process: Conductive Layer Removal Additive Process: Depositing Tracks and Vias Printed Circuit Board Materials Conventional PCB substrates Paper and resin substrates; FR2 and FR3 Fibreglass and epoxy substrates; FR4, FR408, IS400 Microwave and RF printed Circuit Board Materials. RT/duroid 58X0 RT/duroid 6000 (PTFE/Ceramic Laminates) RO3000 and RO3200 (PTFE/Ceramic Laminates) RO4000 Other laminates Multilayer Boards Non-Clad Substrates Alumina Substrates Other substrates Manufacturing Manufacturing using a PCB milling machine Manufacturing using a Laser Ablation Layout Hints Thin Film Thick Film Printing Screens Pastes (Inks) RF applications of Thick Film Circuits Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC) References Appendix: Importing Local Vendor and Spice XML Libraries Importing Local Vendor and Spice XML Libraries Procedure Local Vendor Libraries Spice XML Libraries References