A Peace To End All Peace: Creating The Modern Middle East 1914-1922

Description

The Middle East has long been a region of rival religions, ideologies, nationalisms, and ambitions. All of these conflicts - including the hostilities between Arabs and Israelis and the violent challenges posed by Iraq's competing sects - are rooted in the region's political inheritance: the arrangements, unities, and divisions imposed by the Allies after the First World War. In 'A PEACE TO END ALL PEACE', David Fromkin reveals how and why the Allies drew lines on an empty map that remade the geography and politics of the Middle East. Focusing on the formative years of 1914 to 1922, when all seemed possible, he delivers in this sweeping and magisterial book the definitive account of this defining time, describing how the choices narrowed and the Middle East began along a road that led to the conflicts and confusion that continue to this day. A new afterword from Fromkin, written for this edition of the book, includes his invaluable, updated assessment of this region of the world today, and on what this history has to teach us. RUNNING TIME ➼ 23hrs. and 15mins. ©1989 David Fromkin; Afterword copyright 2009 by David Fromkin (P)2018 Tantor CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION PART I THE LAST DAYS OF OLD EUROPE i THE LEGACY OF THE GREAT GAME IN ASIA i II VI THE MIDDLE EAST BEFORE THE WAR i II THE YOUNG TURKS URGENTLY SEEK AN ALLY i II III WINSTON CHURCHILL ON THE EVE OF WAR i II CHURCHILL SEIZES TURKEY’S WARSHIPS i II AN INTRIGUE AT THE SUBLIME PORTE i II PART II KITCHENER TAKES COMMAND i KITCHENER’S LIEUTENANTS i IV KITCHENER SETS OUT TO CAPTURE ISLAM i INDIA PROTESTS i II THE MAN IN THE MIDDLE i II PART III THE TURKISH COMMANDERS ALMOST LOSE THE WAR i II KITCHENER ALLOWS BRITAIN TO ATTACK TURKEY i ON TO VICTORY AT THE DARDANELLES i II RUSSIA’S GRAB FOR TURKEY i II DEFINING BRITAIN’S GOALS IN THE MIDDLE EAST AT THE NARROWS OF FORTUNE i ISO II IV THE WARRIORS i II THE POLITICIANS i II THE LIGHT THAT FAILED i III CREATING THE ARAB BUREAU i MAKING PROMISES TO THE ARABS i II III MAKING PROMISES TO THE EUROPEAN ALLIES i II Ill IV V TURKEY’S TRIUMPH AT THE TIGRIS i II PART IV BEHIND ENEMY LINES i V VI KITCHENER’S LAST MISSION HUSSEIN’S REVOLT i IV V PART V THE FALL OF THE ALLIED GOVERNMENTS: BRITAIN AND FRANCE i II THE OVERTHROW OF THE CZAR i IV V PART VI THE NEW WORLD i LLOYD GEORGE’S ZIONISM i II IV TOWARD THE BALFOUR DECLARATION i II THE PROMISED LAND i II IV V PART VII JERUSALEM FOR CHRISTMAS i II IV THE ROAD TO DAMASCUS i VI THE BATTLE FOR SYRIA i V PART VIII THE PARTING OF THE WAYS i II IV BY THE SHORES OF TROY i IV V PART IX THE TICKING CLOCK i BETRAYAL i V VI THE UNREAL WORLD OF THE PEACE CONFERENCES i II IV PART X THE TROUBLES BEGIN: 1919-1921 EGYPT: THE WINTER OF 1918-1919 AFGHANISTAN: THE SPRING OF 1919 ARABIA: THE SPRING OF 1919 TURKEY: JANUARY 1920 SYRIA AND LEBANON: THE SPRING AND SUMMER OF 1920 i II EASTERN PALESTINE (TRANSJORDAN): 1920 PALESTINE—ARABS AND JEWS: 1920 MESOPOTAMIA (IRAQ): 1920 PERSIA (IRAN) : 1920 PART XI UNMASKING BRITAIN’S ENEMIES i THE SOVIET CHALLENGE IN THE MIDDLE EAST MOSCOW’S GOALS i II A DEATH IN BUKHARA i II PART XII WINSTON CHURCHILL TAKES CHARGE i II IV V VI VII VIII CHURCHILL AND THE QUESTION OF PALESTINE i SIS II V VI VII VIII THE ALLIANCES COME APART i II IV V A GREEK TRAGEDY i IV V VI THE SETTLEMENT OF THE MIDDLE EASTERN QUESTION i II IV V NOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX