Spine Secrets

Description

For more than 30 years, the highly regarded Secrets Series® has provided students and practitioners in all areas of health care with concise, focused, and engaging resources for quick reference and exam review. Spine Secrets Plus, 3rd Edition, by Dr. Vincent J. Devlin, features the Secrets’ popular question-and-answer format that also includes lists, tables, pearls, memory aids, and an easy-to-read style – making inquiry, reference, and review quick, easy, and enjoyable. The proven Secrets Series® format gives you the most return for your time – succinct, easy to read, engaging, and highly effective. Fully revised and updated throughout, including protocols and guidelines that are continuously evolving and that increasingly dictate best practices. Expanded PLUS format includes extended coverage, a larger format, colorful visual elements, and larger, detailed images and illustrations to provide an overall enhanced learning experience. Remain at the forefront of the nuances of spine surgery and related specialties with updates on new techniques and technologies, as well as changing treatment options and drug information. Top 100 Secrets and Key Points boxes provide a fast overview of the secrets you must know for success in practice and on exams. Zero in on key information with bulleted lists, mnemonics, and practical tips from prominent specialists – all providing a concise overview of important, board-relevant content. Portable size makes it easy to carry with you for quick reference or review anywhere, anytime. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices. i - 0 i - Front Matter Front Matter Spine Secrets IBC - Inside back cover Inside back cover IFC - Inside front cover Inside front cover iv - Copyright Copyright v - Dedication Dedication vii - Contributors Contributors x - Preface Preface xi - Contents Contents 1 - Top 100 secrets 13 - CHAPTER 1 - Clinically relevant anatomy of the cervical region 1 Clinically relevant anatomy of the cervical region Keywords: Osteology Articulations, ligaments, and discs Neural anatomy Vascular structures Fascia and musculature of the cervical spine Bibliography 26 - CHAPTER 2 - Clinically relevant anatomy of the thoracic region 2 Clinically relevant anatomy of the thoracic region Keywords: Osteology Articulations, ligaments, and discs Neural anatomy Vascular structures Fascia, musculature, and related structures Bibliography 35 - CHAPTER 3 - Clinically relevant anatomy of the lumbar and sacral region 3 Clinically relevant anatomy of the lumbar and sacral region Osteology Articulations, ligaments, and discs Neural anatomy Vascular structures Fascia, musculature, and related structures Bibliography 45 - CHAPTER 4 - Evaluation of cervical spine disorders 4 Evaluation of cervical spine disorders Bibliography 52 - CHAPTER 5 - Evaluation of thoracic and lumbar spine disorders 5 Evaluation of thoracic and lumbar spine disorders Thoracic spine examination Lumbar spine examination Bibliography 59 - CHAPTER 6 - Evaluation of spinal deformities 6 Evaluation of spinal deformities Keywords: Evaluation of patients with coronal plane spinal deformities Evaluation of patients with sagittal plane spinal deformities Bibliography 68 - CHAPTER 7 - Evaluation of impairment, disabilty, and workers’ compensation 7 Evaluation of impairment, disabilty, and workers compensation Keywords: References Bibliography 79 - CHAPTER 8 - Strategies for imaging and diagnosis in spinal disorders 8 Strategies for imaging and diagnosis in spinal disorders Keywords: References Bibliography 86 - CHAPTER 9 - Radiographic assessment of the spine 9 Radiographic assessment of the spine Keywords: General Cervical spine Thoracic spine Lumbar spine Spinal deformity assessment Bibliography 100 - CHAPTER 10 - Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine 10 Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine Keywords: Bibliography 114 - CHAPTER 11 - Computed tomography and ct-myelography 11 Computed tomography and ct-myelography Keywords: Bibliography 121 - CHAPTER 12 - Nuclear imaging and spinal disorders 12 Nuclear imaging and spinal disorders Keywords: Bibliography 127 - CHAPTER 13 - Cervical spinal disorders_ Nonsurgical management strategies 13 Cervical spinal disorders: Nonsurgical management strategies Keywords: Bibliography 138 - CHAPTER 14 - Thoracic and lumbar spinal disorders_ Nonsurgical management strategies 14 Thoracic and lumbar spinal disorders: Nonsurgical management strategies Keywords: Thoracic spine Lumbar spine References Bibliography 148 - Chapter 15 - Pharmacologic management of pain in spine disorders 15 Pharmacologic management of pain in spine disorders Keywords: Bibliography 159 - CHAPTER 16 - Diagnostic and therapeutic spinal injections 16 Diagnostic and therapeutic spinal injections Keywords: General considerations Epidural injections Medial branch nerve blocks and facet joint injections Injections targeting the intervertebral disc Sacroiliac injections Injections to assess conditions which mimic spinal pathology Bibliography 169 - CHAPTER 17 - Electrodiagnosis in spinal disorders 17 Electrodiagnosis in spinal disorders Keywords: Bibliography 177 - CHAPTER 18 - Spinal orthoses 18 Spinal orthoses Keywords: Bibliography 191 - CHAPTER 19 - Indications for surgical intervention in spinal disorders and when not to operate 19 Indications for surgical intervention in spinal disorders and when not to operate Keywords: Bibliography 199 - CHAPTER 20 - Preoperative assessment and planning for patients undergoing spine surgery 20 Preoperative assessment and planning for patients undergoing spine surgery Keywords: Bibliography 206 - CHAPTER 21 - Anesthetic considerations and intraoperative management during spine surgery 21 Anesthetic considerations and intraoperative management during spine surgery Keywords: References Bibliography 216 - CHAPTER 22 - Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring during spinal procedures 22 Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring during spinal procedures Keywords: Clinically based spinal monitoring tests Neurophysiologic monitoring modalities Clinical applications of neurophysiologic monitoring Reference Bibliography 222 - CHAPTER 23 - Postoperative management and adverse events after spine surgery 23 Postoperative management and adverse events after spine surgery Keywords: Surgical adverse events Medical adverse events References Bibliography 233 - CHAPTER 24 - Procedures for decompression of the spinal cord and nerve roots 24 Procedures for decompression of the spinal cord and nerve roots Keywords: General principles Cervical spinal region Thoracic and lumbar spinal regions Reference Bibliography 242 - CHAPTER 25 - Spinal arthrodesis, graft materials, and graft techniques 25 Spinal arthrodesis, graft materials, and graft techniques Keywords: References Bibliography 253 - CHAPTER 26 - Surgical approaches to the occiput and cervical spine 26 Surgical approaches to the occiput and cervical spine Keywords: Posterior surgical approaches Anterior surgical approaches Bibliography 260 - CHAPTER 27 - Surgical approaches to the thoracic, lumbar, and lumbosacral spine 27 Surgical approaches to the thoracic, lumbar, and lumbosacral spine Keywords: Bibliography 275 - CHAPTER 28 - Occipital and cervical spine instrumentation 28 Occipital and cervical spine instrumentation Keywords: Bibliography 287 - CHAPTER 29 - Thoracic and lumbar spine instrumentation 29 Thoracic and lumbar spine instrumentation Keywords: General considerations Posterior spinal instrumentation Anterior spinal instrumentation Bibliography 298 - CHAPTER 30 - Instrumentation and fusion at the lumbosacral junction and pelvis 30 Instrumentation and fusion at the lumbosacral junction and pelvis Keywords: Reference Bibliography 306 - CHAPTER 31 - Minimally invasive spine surgery 31 Minimally invasive spine surgery Keywords: Minimally invasive cervical spine surgery Minimally invasive thoracic spine surgery Minimally invasive lumbar spine surgery Bibliography 314 - CHAPTER 32 - Artificial disc replacement 32 Artificial disc replacement Keywords: Lumbar total disc arthroplasty Cervical disc arthroplasty Bibliography 323 - CHAPTER 33 - Revision spine surgery 33 Revision spine surgery Keywords: General considerations Revision surgery after prior spinal decompression procedures Revision surgery after prior spinal fusion Revision surgery for spinal deformity Bibliography 333 - CHAPTER 34 - Spinal cord stimulation and implantable drug delivery systems 34 Spinal cord stimulation and implantable drug delivery systems Keywords: Bibliography 341 - CHAPTER 35 - Pediatric back pain 35 Pediatric back pain Keywords: Evaluation Common conditions associated with pediatric back pain References Bibliography 349 - CHAPTER 36 - Pediatric cervical disorders 36 Pediatric cervical disorders Keywords: Development of the cervical spine Specific conditions affecting the pediatric occipitocervical junction and cervical region Reference Bibliography 358 - CHAPTER 37 - Early-onset scoliosis 37 Early-onset scoliosis Keywords: Background Nonoperative treatment Surgical treatment Bibliography 369 - CHAPTER 38 - Idiopathic scoliosis 38 Idiopathic scoliosis Keywords: Early-onset idiopathic scoliosis Late-onset or adolescent idiopathic scoliosis Bibliography 382 - CHAPTER 39 - Congenital spinal deformities 39 Congenital spinal deformities Keywords: Bibliography 390 - CHAPTER 40 - Neuromuscular spinal deformities 40 Neuromuscular spinal deformities Keywords: General concepts Specific neuromuscular disorders Cerebral palsy Duchenne muscular dystrophy Spinal muscular atrophy Myelodysplasia Miscellaneous neuromuscular disorders References Bibliography 399 - CHAPTER 41 - Sagittal plane deformities in pediatric patients 41 Sagittal plane deformities in pediatric patients Keywords: Background Postural kyphosis Scheuermann kyphosis Congenital kyphosis Miscellaneous pediatric sagittal plane deformities References Bibliography 408 - CHAPTER 42 - Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in pediatric patients 42 Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in pediatric patients Keywords: Definitions Spondylolysis Spondylolisthesis Bibliogrpahy 418 - CHAPTER 43 - Pediatric spinal trauma 43 Pediatric spinal trauma Keywords: General considerations Cervical spine Thoracic and lumbar spine Bibliography 429 - CHAPTER 44 - Pathophysiology and pathoanatomy of degenerative disorders of the adult spine 44 Pathophysiology and pathoanatomy of degenerative disorders of the adult spine Keywords: Bibliography 436 - CHAPTER 45 - Cervical degenerative disorders 45 Cervical degenerative disorders Keywords: Axial neck pain Cervical radiculopathy Degenerative cervical myelopathy References Bibliography 446 - CHAPTER 46 - Thoracic disc herniation and stenosis 46 Thoracic disc herniation and stenosis Keywords: Bibliography 451 - CHAPTER 47 - Lumbar disc herniation 47 Lumbar disc herniation Keywords: Bibliography 458 - CHAPTER 48 - Discogenic low back pain 48 Discogenic low back pain Keywords: Reference Bibliography 466 - CHAPTER 49 - Lumbar spinal stenosis 49 Lumbar spinal stenosis Keywords: Bibliography 472 - CHAPTER 50 - Disorders of the sacroiliac joint 50 Disorders of the sacroiliac joint Keywords: Background Anatomy Diagnosis Nonsurgical treatments Surgical treatment References Bibliography 483 - CHAPTER 51 - Adult idiopathic and degenerative scoliosis 51 Adult idiopathic and degenerative scoliosis Keywords: References Bibliography 495 - CHAPTER 52 - Sagittal plane deformities in adults 52 Sagittal plane deformities in adults Keywords: General principles Surgical treatment Bibliography 505 - CHAPTER 53 - Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in adults 53 Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in adults Keywords: Isthmic spondylolisthesis Degenerative spondylolisthesis References Bibliography 515 - CHAPTER 54 - Evaluation of the spine trauma patient 54 Evaluation of the spine trauma patient Keywords: References Bibliography 523 - CHAPTER 55 - Spinal cord injury 55 Spinal cord injury Keywords: Bibliography 532 - CHAPTER 56 - Upper cervical spine trauma 56 Upper cervical spine trauma Keywords: Occipital condyle and craniocervical junction Atlas fractures and c1–c2 joint injuries Axis fractures and c2–c3 joint injuries Bibliography 545 - CHAPTER 57 - Lower cervical spine injuries 57 Lower cervical spine injuries Keywords: Injury classification Compression subaxial cervical spine injuries (ao type a) Tension band subaxial cervical spine injuries (ao type b) Translational subaxial cervical injuries (ao type c) Facet injuries involving the subaxial cervical spine (ao type f) Injuries in special circumstances References Bibliography 557 - CHAPTER 58 - Thoracic and lumbar spine fractures 58 Thoracic and lumbar spine fractures Keywords: General Injury classification Overview of treatment options Treatment of specific injuries Compression fractures Stable burst fractures Unstable burst fractures Chance fractures Flexion-distraction injuries Extension injuries Translational injuries (fracture-dislocations) Gunshot injuries to the spine References Bibliography 573 - CHAPTER 59 - Sacral fractures 59 Sacral fractures Keywords: Bibliography 581 - CHAPTER 60 - Spinal injuries in athletes 60 Spinal injuries in athletes Keywords: Cervical spine injuries Thoracic spine injuries Lumbar spine injuries Injuries involving the sacrum Reference Bibliography 593 - CHAPTER 61 - Disorders of the spinal cord and related structures 61 Disorders of the spinal cord and related structures Keywords: Spinal cord tumors Syringohydromyelia and chiari malformation Spinal dysraphism Miscellaneous disorders involving the spinal cord Bibliography 608 - CHAPTER 62 - Primary spine tumors 62 Primary spine tumors Keywords: References Bibliography 623 - CHAPTER 63 - Metastatic spine tumors 63 Metastatic spine tumors Keywords: References Bibliography 633 - CHAPTER 64 - Metabolic bone diseases of the spine 64 Metabolic bone diseases of the spine Keywords: Bone basics—structure, function, and homeostasis Osteoporosis Definition, types, and risk factors Diagnosis, evaluation, and prevention Pharmacologic treatment Bone health optimization and secondary fracture prevention Osteomalacia Paget disease Bibliography 648 - CHAPTER 65 - Treatment options for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures 65 Treatment options for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures Keywords: Bibliography 660 - CHAPTER 66 - Spinal infections 66 Spinal infections Keywords: Pyogenic infections Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis Spinal epidural abscess Pediatric disc space infection and osteomyelitis Granulomatous infections Tuberculosis Nontuberculous granulomatous spinal infections Bibliography 668 - CHAPTER 67 - Rheumatoid arthritis 67 Rheumatoid arthritis Keywords: Bibliography 679 - CHAPTER 68 - Ankylosing spondylitis and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis 68 Ankylosing spondylitis and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis Keywords: Bibliography 691 - CHAPTER 69 - Spinal navigation, robotic surgery, and three-dimensional printing 69 Spinal navigation, robotic surgery, and three-dimensional printing Keywords: Spinal navigation Robot-assisted spine surgery 3d-printing applications for spine surgery References Bibliography 699 - 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