Mass Transfer Driven Evaporation From Capillary Porous Media

Description

Mass Transfer–Driven Evaporation from Capillary Porous Media offers a comprehensive review of mass transfer–driven drying processes in capillary porous media, including pore-scale and macro-scale experiments and models. It covers kinetics of drying of a single pore, pore-scale experiments and models, macro-scale experiments and models, and understanding of the continuum model from pore-scale studies. The book: Explains the detailed transport processes in porous media during drying. Introduces cutting-edge visualization experiments of drying in porous media. Describes the pore network models of drying in porous media. Discusses the continuum models of drying in porous media based on pore-scale studies. Points out future research opportunities. Aimed at researchers, students and practicing engineers, this work provides vital fundamental and applied information to those working in drying technology, food processes, applied energy, and mechanical and chemical engineering. Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Editors Contributors Chapter 1 Slow Evaporation in a Capillary Porous Medium: A State of the Art 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Slow Drying of Capillary Porous Media 1.3 Microfluidic Experiments 1.4 Modeling 1.5 Discussion 1.6 Summary Acknowledgments References Chapter 2 Evaporation from Straight Capillary Tubes 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Evaporation of a Straight Tube of Circular Cross Section 2.3 Evaporation of a Straight Tube of Square Cross Section 2.3.1 Experiment 2.3.2 Model 2.4 Evaporation of Interconnected Straight Tubes with Various Sizes 2.5 Summary References Chapter 3 Pore Scale Experiments on Evaporation from Porous Media 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Evaporation in the PDMS-based Microfluidic Pore Network without Corner Liquid Films 3.2.1 Experimental Setup and Image Processing 3.2.2 Experimental Results 3.3 Evaporation in the Silicon-Glass Based Microfluidic Pore Network with Corner Liquid Films 3.3.1 Experimental Setup 3.3.2 Experimental Results 3.4 Capillary Instability during Evaporation in the Silicon-Glass Based Microfluidic Pore Network 3.4.1 Experimental Setup 3.4.2 Experimental Results 3.5 Summary References Chapter 4 A Mesoscopic Approach for Evaporation in Capillary Porous Media: Shan Chen Lattice Boltzmann Method 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Evaporation in Porous Media 4.1.2 Lattice Boltzmann Method for Transport Phenomena in Porous Media 4.1.3 Outline 4.2 Lattice Boltzmann Method: Evaporation in Porous Media 4.2.1 General Lattice Boltzmann Method 4.2.2 Shan Chen Lattice Boltzmann Method 4.2.2.1 Liquid–Vapour Interaction 4.2.2.2 Solid–Fluid Interactions 4.2.2.3 Water–Air Interactions 4.2.3 Initial and Boundary Conditions 4.2.4 Implementation of Isothermal Evaporative in SC LBM 4.2.5 Lattice Boltzmann Methodology 4.3 Results and Discussion 4.3.1 Dominant Phenomenon 4.3.2 Pore-Scale Physics 4.3.2.1 Capillary Valve Effect 4.3.2.2 Burst and Merge Invasions 4.3.2.3 Haines Jumps 4.3.3 Micro–Macro Interactions 4.3.3.1 4-Bundle of Capillaries 4.3.3.2 Array of Capillary Channels 4.3.3.3 Isothermal Evaporation in Random Porous Media 4.3.4 Film Effects during Evaporation in Porous Media 4.4 Conclusion References Chapter 5 Pore Network Models for Evaporation in Porous Media 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Pore Network Model for Evaporation in Porous Media with the Capillary Valve Effect 5.2.1 Model 5.2.2 Results 5.3 Pore Network Model for Evaporation in Porous Media with the Continuous and Discontinuous Corner Films 5.3.1 Model 5.3.2 Results 5.4 Pore Network Model for Capillary Instability Induced Gas–Liquid Interfaces Displacement in Porous Media during Evaporation 5.4.1 Model 5.4.2 Results 5.5 Summary References Chapter 6 Continuum Models 6.1 Introduction 6.2 LE Continuum Models of Drying 6.2.1 LE Model Neglecting the Vapor Transport 6.2.2 LE Model with Vapor Transport 6.2.3 NLE Continuum Model of Drying 6.2.4 Method of Solution 6.3 Continuum Model Parameters 6.4 Boundary Conditions at the Interfacial Surface 6.4.1 TBC with Critical Saturation Concept 6.4.2 TBC with Interfacial Resistance Concept 6.4.3 TBC with Mass Transfer Coefficient Concept 6.4.4 TBC with External Mass Transfer Characteristic Length 6.4.5 TBC for NLE Two-Equation Model 6.4.6 TBC Parameters 6.5 Continuum Models versus Experiments 6.5.1 LE Model Neglecting the Vapor Transport 6.5.2 LE Model with Vapor Transport 6.5.3 NLE Model 6.6 A More Advanced Continuum Model 6.7 Discussion 6.8 Summary Acknowledgment References Chapter 7 A Continuum Approach to the Drying of Small Pore Networks 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Two Versions of the One-Equation Continuum Model 7.2.1 The Governing Equations of Diffusion-Based Continuum 7.2.1.1 Model Component Mass Balance for Liquid Water 7.2.1.2 Component Mass Balance for Water Vapor 7.2.1.3 Mass Balance for Total Moisture 7.2.1.4 Initial and Boundary Conditions 7.2.2 The Governing Equations of Three-Transport-Zone Continuum Model 7.2.2.1 The Continuum Model for the First Drying Period (Wet Surface) 7.2.2.2 Initial and Boundary Conditions 7.2.2.3 The Continuum Model for the Second Drying Period (Dry Surface) 7.2.2.4 Boundary Conditions 7.3 Identification of the Continuum Model Parameters from PNM Simulations 7.3.1 Moisture Transport Coefficient 7.3.2 Relative Humidity 7.3.3 Vapor Transport Coefficient 7.4 Sensitivity upon the Macroscopic Parameters of CM 7.4.1 Network Saturation Interval 7.4.2 Methods for Treating Dataset 7.5 Hybrid Method to Treat Sensitivity Parameters on CM 7.6 CMs versus PNMs 7.6.1 Simulation Results Obtained from the Two-Transport-Zone CM 7.6.2 Simulation Results Obtained from the Three-Transport-Zone CM 7.7 Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgment References Index