Software Design and Development - The Preliminary Course

Description

Acknowledgements......Page 4 To the student......Page 8 Evolution of software applications......Page 10 Internet applications......Page 11 Spreadsheets and presentation software......Page 13 Set 1A......Page 19 Intellectual property......Page 22 Software licence agreements......Page 24 Sources of code and license conditions that apply......Page 29 Set 1B......Page 30 Ergonomics......Page 31 Set 1C......Page 32 Inclusivity......Page 40 Required skills in software design and development......Page 47 Chapter 1 review......Page 48 2. Hardware and software......Page 53 The function and operation of hardware within a computer system......Page 57 Input......Page 59 Keyboard......Page 60 Scanner......Page 62 Radio frequency identification (RFID)......Page 64 Microphone (and sound card)......Page 67 Set 2A......Page 68 Output......Page 71 LCD based monitors......Page 72 CRT based monitors......Page 73 Data projectors......Page 77 Inkjet printers......Page 80 Speakers (and sound card)......Page 81 Set 2B......Page 83 Storage......Page 86 Secondary storage......Page 87 Optical storage......Page 89 Flash memory......Page 93 Processing and control......Page 101 Set 2C......Page 105 Operating system and utilities......Page 106 Utilities......Page 110 Application software......Page 112 Programming languages......Page 114 Generations of programming languages......Page 115 The need for translation......Page 119 How does the hardware process software instructions? (The fetch-execute cycle)......Page 123 What occurs when an application is first initiated and run?......Page 125 What are the hardware requirements for software?......Page 127 3. Software Development Approaches......Page 128 Agile approach......Page 131 Prototyping approach......Page 135 Set 3A......Page 144 Rapid application development (RAD) approach......Page 145 Set 3B......Page 149 Chapter 3 review......Page 154 Introduction to software development......Page 156 Identification of inputs and required outputs......Page 157 Determining the steps that will solve a problem......Page 159 Systems flowcharts......Page 161 Data flow diagrams (DFDs)......Page 168 Structure charts......Page 171 Set 4A......Page 175 Representing numbers in binary and hexadecimal......Page 176 Integer......Page 179 Floating point (real)......Page 180 String......Page 181 Boolean......Page 183 Data structures......Page 185 One-dimensional array......Page 186 Sequential files......Page 188 Data dictionary......Page 192 Set 4C......Page 194 Methods for representing algorithms......Page 195 Control structures......Page 197 Set 4D......Page 206 Subroutines......Page 207 Modularity......Page 208 Loading and printing arrays......Page 211 Processing using sequential files......Page 213 Set 4E......Page 215 Chapter 4 review......Page 217 5. Implementing software solutions......Page 221 Metalanguages......Page 225 Set 5A......Page 233 Statements used to define and use data types......Page 234 Statements used to code algorithms, including control structures......Page 238 Set 5B......Page 247 Syntax errors......Page 248 Runtime errors......Page 249 Logic errors......Page 250 Stubs......Page 251 Flags......Page 252 Debugging output statements......Page 253 Automated debugging tools......Page 254 Set 5C......Page 255 Developing standard subroutines for reuse......Page 256 Combining code from different sources......Page 262 Making the same data available to different subroutines and modules......Page 263 Sharing variables by altering their scope......Page 264 Parameter passing......Page 265 Set 5D......Page 266 Consultation with users and/or managers......Page 268 Effective user interfaces......Page 269 Factors affecting readability......Page 270 Prompts and messages......Page 275 Set 5E......Page 277 Documentation for developers......Page 279 Documentation for users......Page 281 6. Testing and evaluating software solutions......Page 286 Test data for checking algorithms and code......Page 289 The selection of appropriate test data......Page 290 Stepping through a coded solution......Page 294 Set 6A......Page 298 Comparing different solutions to the same problem......Page 300 Desk checking......Page 303 Checking the solution meets the original requirements......Page 305 Social and ethical perspective......Page 306 Set 6B......Page 309 Chapter 6 review......Page 311 7. Maintaining software solutions......Page 314 Changing user requirements......Page 315 Upgrading the user interface......Page 316 Changes in the data to be processed......Page 317 Changing organisational focus......Page 318 Changes in government requirements......Page 319 Inclusion of code from other sources......Page 320 Set 7A......Page 322 Use of variables or constants instead of literal constants......Page 323 Use of standard control structures......Page 324 One logical task per subroutine......Page 325 Reading original documentation to understand code......Page 326 Reading original algorithms......Page 329 Creating algorithms from source code......Page 330 Chapter 7 review......Page 335 8. Developing software solutions......Page 338 Defining and understanding the problem......Page 339 Identification of inputs, processes and outputs......Page 342 Identifying a suitable development approach......Page 344 Prototype 1......Page 345 Prototype 2......Page 349 Prototype 3......Page 354 Prototype 4......Page 358 Chapter 8 review......Page 359 Glossary......Page 367 Index......Page 376