Advances in Non-destructive Evaluation: Proceedings of NDE 2019

Description

This book comprises the proceedings of the Conference and Exhibition on Non Destructive Evaluation, (NDE 2019). The contents of the book encompass a vast spectrum from Conventional to Advanced NDE including novel methods, instrumentation, sensors, procedures and data analytics as applied to all industry segments for quality control, periodic maintenance, life estimation, structural integrity and related areas. This book will be a useful reference for students, researchers and practitioners.   Preface Contents About the Editors Study of Effect of Surface Roughness in Single Lap Joint (SLJ) of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced-Polymer (CFRP) Composites Using Radiography and Thermography 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Specimens 2.1 Laminate Fabrication 2.2 Adherend Preparation 2.3 Single Lap Joint Fabrication 3 Experimental Methods 3.1 Roughness Measurement 3.2 Digital X-ray Radiography 3.3 Thermography 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Roughness Result 4.2 X-ray Radiography 4.3 Temporal Curves Using Thermography 5 Conclusion References Non-invasive Detection of Extent of Corrosion in Steel Reinforcing Bars by Magnetic Force Measurement 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Experimental Setup 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Phase-Sensitive Detection of Extent of Corrosion Using Anisotropic Magnetoresistive (AMR) Sensor in Steel Reinforcing Bars (Rebars) 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Sensor Configuration 2.2 Experimental Setup 3 Experimental Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion and Future Work References A Thermographic System for Quantitative and Automated Subsurface Detail Visualization 1 Introduction 2 Theory of QFMTWI 3 Methodology 3.1 FFT Phase 3.2 Hilbert Phase 3.3 Pulse Compression 3.4 Artificial Neural Networks 3.5 Particle Swam Optimization (PSO) 3.6 Segmentation 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Defect Sizing 4.2 PSO Algorithm 4.3 Depth Estimation 4.4 Segmentation Outputs 5 Conclusion References Inspection of Friction Stir Welded Joint Using EMAT Generated Fundamental Shear Horizontal Guided Wave Mode (SH0) 1 Introduction 2 SH0 Mode 3 EMAT Generation of SH0 4 Experimental Setup 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusions References Proper Orthogonal Decomposition-Based Coating Thickness Estimation in Quadratic Frequency Modulated Thermal Wave Imaging 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Material and Methods 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References High Temperature Eddy Current Sensor for Real-Time Structural Health Monitoring of Critical Engineering Components 1 Introduction 2 Finite Element Method (FEM)-Based Simulation 3 Experimental Procedure 3.1 Material and Method 3.2 Sensor Characterisation 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Damage Assessment for a Sandwich-Like Panel Using Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Guided Waves 1 Introduction 2 Experimental and Numerical Process 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Analysis of the Results from the LDV 3.2 Analysis of the Results from Numerical Studies 3.3 Analysis of the Results Using an Elliptical-Based Signal Processing Method 4 Conclusion References Development of Sectored External Pipeline Inspection Gauge for Health Monitoring of Industrial Carbon Steel Pipelines 1 Introduction 2 EPIG Development Overview 2.1 MFL Basics 2.2 Tool Design 2.3 Acquisition and Processing System Design 2.4 Defect Characterization and Signal Analysis 3 Test Bench Trials 4 Conclusion References Ultrasonic Waveguide Technique for Temperature Measurement Using T(0,1) Wave Mode 1 Introduction 2 Ultrasonic Guided Waves in Cylindrical Wire 3 Temperature Measurement Using T(0,1) Mode 3.1 Single Bent Waveguide with a Single Transducer for Temperature Measurement 3.2 Pair of Bent Waveguides with Single Transducer for Temperature Measurement 4 Conclusions References Rapid Non-destructive Evaluation of Fireproof Coating Degradation Using Terahertz Line Scanner 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup 3 THz Images 3.1 Moisture Ingression 3.2 Substrate Defects 3.3 Foreign Particles 4 Conclusions References A Non-destructive Approach of Dynamic Characterization of CFRP Composite Subjected to Hygrothermal Ageing 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Fabrication of CFRP Composite 2.2 Accelerated Hygrothermal Ageing 2.3 Free Vibration Analysis 2.4 NDE Using Ultrasound 2.5 Correlation Between Damping and Ultrasound Attenuation 3 Results and Conclusion References Pore Evaluation and Distribution in Cement Mortar Using Digital Image Processing 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Thickness Estimation of Marine Structures Using an ROV-Based Pulsed Eddy Current Technique 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Case Study: Thickness Estimation of Steel Jackets Covered with Marine Growth at a Port in TN, India 3.2 Case Study: Thickness Estimation of Steel Piles Covered with Marine Growth at a port in Rotterdam, The Netherlands 4 PEC: Key Application Areas, Advantages and Limitations 4.1 Key Applications Areas Include Inspection of Underlying Steel Structures 4.2 Advantages 4.3 Limitations 5 Summary and Conclusion References Prediction of Failure Process in Geo-Material Using Finite Element Based Digital Image Correlation (DIC) Method 1 Introduction 2 Finite Element-Based Digital Image Correlation Formulation 3 Numerical Validation: 4 Laboratory Experimentation 5 Conclusion References Detection of Cracks in Stainless Steel Structures Using Transient Eddy Current Oscillations Method 1 Introduction 2 Experimental setup and Theory 3 Experimental Results 4 Conclusions References Damage Assessment of Concrete Bridge Structures Using Ultrasonic Tomography Technique 1 Introduction 2 Ultrasonic Tomography 3 Experimental Investigations 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References An Analytical and Experimental Study of Nonlinear Intermodulation in Delaminated Composite Plate 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Experimental Setup 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Analytical Investigation 4.2 Experimental Investigation 5 Conclusions References Ultrasonic Inspection of Weld Defects Using Total Focusing Method 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 2.1 Full Matrix Capture 2.2 Total Focusing Method 2.3 Multimode Total Focusing Method 3 TFM for Weld Inspection 3.1 Wedge and Probe Selection 3.2 Effect of Mode Conversions on TFM Images 4 Weld Specimens and Scan Setup 5 Experimental Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Modelling the Propagation of Partial Discharge Signals Inside Gas Insulated Transmission Line Sections 1 Introduction 2 Hybrid Modelling of GITL 2.1 Numerical Modelling 3 Generation and Measurement of Corona Signals 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Assessment of Sensitivity of Radioisotope-Based Radiometry Data During Inspection of Large Sized Solid Rocket Motors 1 Introduction 1.1 Brief 2 Experimental Set-up 3 Procedure 4 Observations 5 Conclusion 6 Limitations References Planar Printed E-Field Sensor Array for Microwave NDE of Composites 1 Introduction 2 Sensor Array Design 2.1 Sensor Working Principle 2.2 Numerical Modeling 3 Measurements 3.1 Measurement Setup 3.2 Sensor Measurements 4 Conclusion References Studies on Using FBG Sensor as a Tool for Identifying Corrosion in Pipelines 1 Introduction 2 Theory of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors 3 Finite Element Simulation Studies 4 Hoop Strain Measurement Using FBG Sensors 5 Conclusion References Numerical Modelling of Remote Field Eddy Current Testing of Steam Generator Tubes 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Modelling of RFEC Technique 2.1 Model Construction 2.2 Numerical Simulations 3 Influence of Magnetic Coupling 3.1 Selection of Optimum Frequency 3.2 Modelling Adjacent SG Tubes 4 Conclusion References Asymmetrical Analysis of Breast Thermal Images for Detection of Breast Cancer 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Collection and Protocol Used 3.2 Steps Involved to Obtain Statistical Features of Breast Thermograms 3.3 Steps Involved to Obtain Temperature Values of Breast Thermograms 4 Results and Analysis of Asymmetricity in Breast Thermograms 5 Conclusion References Numerical Analysis of Partial Discharge Source Localization Using Time of Arrival Measurements and Nonlinear Least Squares Search 1 Introduction 2 Modeling and Numerical Simulations 3 Signal Analysis and Source Localization 4 Conclusion References Characteristics of Acoustic Emissions Generated During Steel Rebar Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Aim of the Study 3 AE Parameters for Corrosion Monitoring 4 Experimental Setup 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusions References Implementation of Acoustic Emission Testing to Study the Type of Cracking in Reinforced Concrete Beams 1 Introduction 2 Implementing Gaussian Mixture Modeling to Acoustic Emissions Generated During the Fracture Process in RC Beams 3 Experimental Program 3.1 AE Monitoring Test Setup 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 GMM Analysis of AE Generated During the Fracture Process in RC Beams 4.2 Variation of Surface Strain in RC Beams with Shear Stirrups and Without Shear Stirrups 5 Conclusions References Vacuum and Helium Leak Testing Techniques Used for Very Large Size Vacuum Chambers 1 Introduction 2 Development of Techniques and Observations 2.1 Techniques Developed 2.2 Discussion 3 Conclusions References Coded Excitation for Low-Power Operation in Guided Ultrasonic Wave Non-destructive Evaluation 1 Introduction 2 EMAT-Guided Waves 3 Coded Excitation 4 Experiment and Results 5 Conclusions References Mixing of Lamb Waves at Delamination Defect in a Unidirectional GFRP Laminate 1 Introduction 2 Finite Element Simulation 2.1 Structural Modeling 2.2 Element Size and Time Step 2.3 Modeling of Contact Pair 2.4 Formulation of Nonlinearity Index (NLI) 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Basic Experimental Results 3.2 Numerical Simulation Results 4 Summary and Conclusions References Parametric Study on Resolution Achieved Using FMC-TFM-Based Phased Array Ultrasonic Imaging 1 Introduction 1.1 Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT) 1.2 Full Matrix Capture-Total Focusing Method (FMC-TFM) 2 Experimental Method 2.1 Equipment and Data Acquisition Details 2.2 Specimen Details 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References EMAT-Phased Array Inspection of Thick Austenitic Stainless Steel and Dissimilar Metal Welds 1 Introduction 2 SH Wave EMAT PA Probe 3 Experimental Details 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Computed Tomography (CT) Is an Asset to Ensure the Quality and Reliability of Parts in Aerospace Applications 1 Introduction 2 CT for Non-destructive Evaluation 2.1 Inspection of Electron Beam (EB) Weld of Test Ring Hardware 2.2 Inspection of Port Welds of Housing Sub-assembly 2.3 Inspection and Measurement of Bucking of Aluminum Alloy V65 Rivets 2.4 Inspection of End Fittings Realized Through Additive Manufacturing (AM) 2.5 Inspection of Carbon–Carbon (C–C) Composites 3 CT as an Aid for Failure Analysis (FA) 3.1 Investigation of Reduced Stroke in Isolation Valve 3.2 Investigation of Failed Pressure Regulator 4 CT for Dimensional Metrology 4.1 Dimensional Measurement of Parts 4.2 3D CAD Comparison 5 Merits of CT 6 Conclusions References Improvements in Quality of Neutron Radiography Images of Pyro Components Used in Aerospace Applications Using Image Processing Tools 1 Introduction 1.1 Image Processing for Grayscale Images 2 Experimental Details 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Median Filtering 3.2 Gaussian Filtering 3.3 Bilateral Filtering 4 Conclusion References The Promise of Metamaterials for Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation 1 Introduction 2 Super Resolution Imaging 3 Wave Manipulation 4 Topological Lensing 5 Conclusion References