Classic Imaging Signs. A Guide to the Whole Body

Description

Foreword: Imaging Signs Foreword: Classic Imaging Signs: A Guide to the Whole Body Preface Contents Contributors Associate Editors Contributors 1: Introduction 1.1 The Formation of Imaging Signs 1.2 The Features of Imaging Signs 1.3 Classification of Imaging Signs 1.4 The Role of Imaging Signs in Diagnosis 1.5 The Decision-Making of Imaging Signs 1.6 Radiomics and AI References 2: Brain 2.1 White Matter Buckling Sign 2.2 CSF Cleft Sign 2.3 Interhemispheric Fissure Sign 2.4 Gyral Gathering Sign 2.5 Lateral Ventricular Depressing Sign 2.6 Little Ventricle 2.7 The Swirl Sign 2.8 Spot Sign 2.9 Gray-White Matter Interface Displacement 2.10 The Dense or Hyperdense Artery Sign 2.11 The Middle Cerebral Artery Dot Sign 2.12 Middle Cerebral Artery Susceptibility Sign 2.13 The Cord Sign 2.14 The Insular Ribbon Sign 2.15 The Disappearing Basal Ganglia Sign 2.16 The Obscured Lentiform Nucleus Sign 2.17 Fogging Effect 2.18 Coarse Flecks of Calcification 2.19 The Tram-Track Sign 2.20 The Tuft Sign 2.21 The Infundibulum Sign 2.22 Target Sign 2.23 Black Target Sign and White Target Sign 2.24 Multilocular Ringlike Enhancement 2.25 Hoop Sign and Popcorn Sign 2.26 Ivy Sign 2.27 Butterfly-Like Lesions 2.28 The Mount Fuji Sign 2.29 The Eye of the Tiger Sign 2.30 Aura Sign 2.31 Basilar Artery Encasement Sign 2.32 The Tau Sign 2.33 The Reversal Sign 2.34 The False Falx Sign 2.35 The Interpeduncular Fossa Sign 2.36 The Empty Delta Sign 2.37 The Parasagittal Sinus Sign 2.38 The Pulvinar or Hockey Stick Sign 2.39 The Radial Bands Sign 2.40 The Triangular Pattern 2.41 The Dural Tail Sign 2.42 The Acute Angle Sign 2.43 The Ependymal Dot-Dash Sign 2.44 The Hummingbird Sign and the Swallowtail Sign 2.45 The Hot Cross Bun Sign 2.46 The Molar Tooth Sign 2.47 The Caput Medusa Sign References Suggested Readings for this Chapter 3: Head and Neck 3.1 Progressive Enhancement Sign 3.2 Tendon Sign 3.3 V-Shape Sign 3.4 Teardrop Sign 3.5 Tram-Track Sign 3.6 Double-Ring Sign 3.7 Salt-and-Pepper Sign 3.8 Steeple Sign 3.9 Bitten Cookie Sign 3.10 Prominent Ear Sign 3.11 Gas Bubble Sign References Further Readings for this Chapter 4: Chest 4.1 Multinodule Accumulation Sign 4.2 Lobulation Sign 4.3 Spinous Protuberant Sign 4.4 Vacuole Sign 4.5 Coarse Spicules Sign 4.6 Pleural Indentation Sign 4.7 Beaded Septum Sign 4.8 Honeycomb Sign 4.9 Withered Tree Sign 4.10 CT Angiogram Sign 4.11 Air Bronchiologram Sign 4.12 Air Bronchogram 4.13 Positive Bronchus Sign 4.14 Mucous Bronchogram 4.15 Gloved Finger Sign 4.16 Feeding Vessel Sign 4.17 Vascular Convergence Sign 4.18 Silhouette Sign 4.19 Luftsichel Sign 4.20 Golden S Sign 4.21 Hampton’s Hump Sign 4.22 Square Sign 4.23 Peach-Tip Sign 4.24 Comet Tail Sign 4.25 Reversed Halo Sign 4.26 Halo Sign 4.27 Air Crescent Sign 4.28 Water-Lily Sign 4.29 Mosaic Pattern 4.30 Ground-Glass Opacity 4.31 Tree-in-Bud Sign 4.32 Double-Wall Sign 4.33 Crazy Paving Appearance 4.34 Black Pleural Line Sign 4.35 Sarcoid Galaxy Sign 4.36 Diaphragm Sign; the Interface Sign; the Bare Area Sign; the Displaced Crus Sign 4.37 Split Pleura Sign 4.38 Subpleural Line; Subpleural Curvilinear Shadow 4.39 Signet Ring Sign 4.40 Fallen Lung Sign 4.41 Ring Around the Artery Sign 4.42 Deep Sulcus Sign 4.43 Scimitar Sign 4.44 Bulging Fissure Sign 4.45 Air–Fluid Level Sign 4.46 Incomplete Border Sign 4.47 Grey Snow Sign 4.48 Ace-of-Spade Sign 4.49 SAM Sign 4.50 Linguine Sign 4.51 Peripheral Washout Sign 4.52 Spicular Sign 4.53 Tiny Calcium Sign 4.54 Tattoo Sign References Suggested Reading for This Chapter 5: Solid Organs of Upper Abdomen 5.1 Light Bulb Sign 5.2 Bright Dot Sign 5.3 Mother-in-Law Sign 5.4 Rapid Wash-in Followed by Washout 5.5 Mosaic Pattern 5.6 Bull’s Eye Sign 5.7 Pupil-like Sign 5.8 Lollipop Sign 5.9 Target Sign 5.10 Cluster Sign 5.11 Peripheral Washout Sign 5.12 Halo Sign 5.13 Transparent Ring Sign 5.14 Wedge-Shaped Sign 5.15 Straight Line Sign 5.16 Liver Capsule Depressed Sign 5.17 Straight Border Sign 5.18 Target Sign and Crescent Sign 5.19 Pearl Necklace Sign 5.20 Garland Sign 5.21 Tortoise Shell Sign 5.22 Periportal Tracking Sign 5.23 Periportal Halo Sign 5.24 Focal Hepatic Hot Spot Sign 5.25 Cyst-in-Cyst Sign 5.26 Floating Membrane Sign 5.27 Beaded Sign 5.28 Soft Rattan Sign 5.29 Double Duct Sign 5.30 Teardrop Superior Mesenteric Vein Sign 5.31 Duct-Penetrating Sign 5.32 Central Dots Sign 5.33 Central Arrowhead Sign 5.34 Golf Ball-on-Tee Sign 5.35 Calyceal Crescent Sign 5.36 Cortical Rim Sign 5.37 Renal Halo Sign 5.38 Perirenal Halo Sign 5.39 Perirenal Cobwebs Sign 5.40 Pseudo-capsule Sign 5.41 Spoke Wheel Sign 5.42 Soft-Tissue Rim Sign 5.43 Comet-tail Sign 5.44 Faceless Kidney 5.45 Goblet Sign 5.46 Cobra Head Sign 5.47 Drooping Lily Sign References Suggested Readings for this Chapter 6: Gastrointestinal Tract 6.1 Double Bubble Sign 6.2 Small-Bowel Feces Sign 6.3 Bird’s Beak Sign 6.4 String of Pearls Sign 6.5 Coffee Bean Sign 6.6 Spoke Wheel Sign 6.7 Whirl Sign 6.8 Corkscrew Sign 6.9 Target Sign 6.10 Target Sign 6.11 Double Halo Sign 6.12 Comb Sign 6.13 Gastrointestinal String Sign 6.14 Bowel Wall Fat Halo Sign 6.15 Disproportionate Fat Stranding Sign 6.16 Misty Mesentery Sign 6.17 Fat Ring Sign 6.18 Hyperattenuating Ring Sign 6.19 Arrowhead Sign 6.20 Accordion Sign 6.21 Apple Core Sign; Apple Core Lesion 6.22 Duodenal Wind Sock Sign 6.23 Rigler Sign 6.24 Football Sign 6.25 Dependent Viscera Sign 6.26 Northern Exposure Sign References Suggested Readings for this Chapter 7: Peritoneum and Pelvis 7.1 Sentinel Clot Sign 7.2 Concentric Ring Sign 7.3 Onion Skin Appearance 7.4 Hyperintense Rim Sign 7.5 Floating Aorta Sign 7.6 Sandwich Sign 7.7 Spongiform Gas Bubbles 7.8 Floating Ball Sign 7.9 Shading Sign 7.10 Ovarian Vascular Pedicle Sign 7.11 Bridging Vascular Sign 7.12 Double Peak Sign 7.13 Spur Sign References Suggested Readings for this Chapter 8: Signs in Musculoskeletal Radiology 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Flipped Meniscus Sign 8.3 Absent Bow Tie Sign 8.4 Fragment-in-Notch Sign 8.5 Cyclops Lesion 8.6 Anterior Tibial Translocation Sign 8.7 Celery Stalk Sign 8.8 Double Posterior Cruciate Ligament Sign 8.9 Double-Line Sign 8.10 Crescent Sign 8.11 Yo-Yo on String Sign 8.12 Arcuate Sign 8.13 Double Oreo Cookie Sign 8.14 J Sign 8.15 Secondary Cleft Sign 8.16 Lateral Capsular Sign 8.17 Fallen Fragment Sign 8.18 Iliac Hyperdense Line 8.19 Terry Thomas Sign 8.20 Lateral Femoral Notch Sign 8.21 Elephant Trunk Sign 8.22 Fat–Blood Interface Sign 8.23 Elbow Fat Pad Sign 8.24 C Sign 8.25 Target Sign 8.26 Swirl Sign 8.27 Flow Void Sign 8.28 Button Sequestrum Sign References Suggested Readings for this Chapter 9: Spine 9.1 Peripheral Spinal Cord Hypointensity Sign 9.2 The Sugarcoating Sign 9.3 The Polka-Dot Sign 9.4 The Rugger Jersey Spine Sign 9.5 The Ivory Vertebra Sign 9.6 The Posterior Vertebral Scalloping Sign 9.7 MRI Fluid Sign 9.8 The Intravertebral Vacuum Cleft Sign 9.9 The Inverted Napoleon’s Hat Sign 9.10 The Scotty Dog Collar Sign 9.11 The Incomplete Vertebral Ring Sign 9.12 Wide Canal Sign 9.13 The Naked Facet Sign 9.14 The Fat C2 Sign References Suggested Readings for this Chapter 10: Vascular Imaging and Interventional Strategy 10.1 Flat Cava Sign 10.2 String of Beads Sign 10.3 Hyperattenuating Crescent Sign 10.4 Yin-yang Sign 10.5 Draped Aorta Sign 10.6 Dog Leg Sign 10.7 Double Lumen Sign 10.8 Floating Viscera Sign 10.9 Double Rail Sign 10.10 Thread and Streak Sign 10.11 Angiographic String Sign 10.12 Snowman Sign 10.13 Scimitar Sign 10.14 Mistletoe Sign 10.15 The “3” Sign References Suggested Readings for this Chapter Index