Smart Nanosensors

Description

This book serves as a comprehensive compilation of contemporary research conducted in the domain of nanosensors. The amalgamation of many elements within the emerging field contributes to the development of a useful collection specifically designed for inexperienced researchers in the domain of smart materials and nanosensor technologies. An adequate range of subjects has been incorporated into the present book. It includes enzyme-mimetic use of smart nanomaterials for enhanced biosensing applications, theranostic utilization of smart nanomaterials for targeted drug delivery, sensors for pollutant detection, and the utilization of smart nanomaterials in the development of biosensors for studying host-microbe interactions. Nanosensors have emerged as a promising avenue for various applications, including sensing in the fields of medicine, packaging, and heavy metal ion detection. Recent developments in the field of smart nanomaterials have led to significant advancements in the application of intelligent switches and sensors within the domains of agriculture, food production, and water treatment. The primary emphasis of this book is the study of the synthesis and fabrication processes involved in the production of smart materials, together with their application within the domain of sensor technology. The existing body of literature has two main categories: introductory textbooks that provide fundamental knowledge about the field and specialized publications that focus exclusively on certain subtopics within the domain of sensor technology. The existing material of the book makes it a complete reference resource that is well-suited for researchers in the area. It especially caters to advanced graduate students who are seeking senior graduate, MTech, and MS degrees in the subject of sensor technology. Additionally, this publication would function as an essential resource for researchers across diverse disciplines within the area of materials science who are aiming to propel the development of smart materials. Cover Smart Nanomaterials Technology Series Smart Nanosensors Copyright Foreword by Prof. Dr. Mohmed Isaqali Karobari Foreword by Prof. Manish Ranjan Preface Acknowledgments Contents Editor and Contributors Smart Nanoparticles for Early Diagnosis of Cancer 1. Introduction 2. Smart Nanoparticles for Early Diagnosis of Cancer 2.1 Gold Nanoparticles 2.2 Silver Nanoparticles 2.3 Carbon Nanoparticles 3. Conclusion References Theranostic Application of Smart Nanomaterials in Target Drug Delivery 1. Introduction 2. Methods for Synthesis of Nanomaterials 2.1 Classification of Smart Nanomaterials 2.2 1-D NMs Used in Theranostic Applications 2.3 2-D NMs 2.4 3-D NMs 3. Applications of Smart Nanomaterials 3.1 Nano-sensors in Bioimaging 3.2 Nanosensors as Biosensor 3.3 Nanosensor in Theranostic 4. Economical Aspect of Nanotechnology in the Field of Theranostic Application 5. Challenges and Perspectives in the Field of Theranostic Applications 6. Conclusion References Nanomaterials for Sensing Applications: Present and Future in Medicine, Packaging, and Quality Control 1. Introduction 2. Nanosensors 3. Principle and Operation of Nanosensors 4. Present and Future of Nanosensors in Medical Sector 4.1 Nano Biosensor‐Based Diagnostic Tools in Viral Infections: Special Emphasis on Covid‐19 4.2 Cancer Diagnosis 4.3 Drug Delivery System 4.4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 4.5 Nanobots 5. Present and Future in Food Packaging 5.1 Nanomaterial-Based Food Packaging 5.2 Toxicity of Nanomaterials Used for Food Packaging 5.3 Heating Effects on Nanomaterials in Food Packaging 5.4 Edible Food Packaging Using Nanomaterials 5.5 Materials Used to Avoid the Environmental Concerns 5.6 DNA Nanosensors for Detection of Pathogens 6. Major Challenges Faced in Nano-biosensors 7. Future Aspects of Nano Sensors 8. Conclusion References Fabrication and Different Applications for Polymer-Based Nanosensors 1. Introduction 2. Synthesis and Fabrication of Nanosensors 2.1 Chemical Nanosensor 3. Optical Lenses 4. Quantum Dots (QDs) 5. Optical Nanosensors 6. Polymers in Oncology 7. Polymeric Nanoparticles in Diagnosis 8. Nanotechnology in Cancer Diagnosis 9. Frequently Used Nanoparticles in the Diagnosis of Cancer 10. Polymer Based Biosensors 11. What Are Biosensors? 12. Recognition Elements 13. Sensitivity and Selectivity of Biosensors 14. Techniques of Virus Detection Using Polymers 15. Nanosensors for Foodborne Pathogen Detection 16. Heavy Metals in Water 17. Nanosensors for Detection of External Conditions 18. Nanosensors for Internal Condition Detection 19. Nanotechnology in Food Packing and Security 20. Nano-polymer with Risks of Migration into Food 21. Wireless Nano Sensor Networks (WNSN) 22. An Internet of Things (IOT) 23. IOT in Agriculture 24. Hardware Components 25. Conclusion References Carbon-Based Smart Sensors for Environmental Pollution Detection 1. Introduction 2. Overview of Carbon-Based Smart Sensors 2.1 Types of Carbon-Based Electrode for Sensing 3. Mechanisms of Pollutant Detection 3.1 Electrochemical Sensing 3.2 Optical Sensing 4. Applications in Pollutant Detection 4.1 Heavy Metal Ions 4.2 Organic Pollutants 4.3 Biological Contaminants 5. Ecofriendly Prospectives of Carbon-Based Smart Sensors for Environmental Pollutant Detection 6. Economical Aspects of Carbon-Based Smart Sensors for Environmental Pollutant Detection 7. Future Aspects Carbon Based Smart Sensors for Environmental Pollutant Detection 8. Conclusion References Substrates for Colorimetric Sensors Array 1. Introduction of Colorimetric Sensor and Colorimetric Sensor Array 2. Chemo-responsive Dyes of Colorimetric Sensor Array 3. Data Extraction from Colorimetric Sensor Array 4. Substrate Consideration for Colorimetric Sensor Array 5. Types of Substrates for Colorimetric Sensor Array 6. Substrates Challenges for Fabrication of Colorimetric Sensor Array References Sensor Development for Heavy Metal Ion Sensing: New Insights on Translating Prevalent Analysis to Portable Smart Nanodevices 1. Introduction 2. Traditional Techniques for Trace Element Detection and Heavy Metal Ion Analysis 3. Modish Techniques of Heavy Metal Detection 3.1 Enzyme-Based Biosensors 3.2 Biosensors Utilizing Aptamers 3.3 Ion Imprinted Sensors 3.4 Other Types of Sensors 4. Commercialized Instruments: Field Transportability and Accessibility 5. Opportunities and Obstacles of Current Devices 6. Conclusion References Nanotechnology for Precision Sensing: Innovations in Nanosensors Synthesis, Mechanisms and Strategic Applications 1. Introduction 2. Nanomaterial-Based Sensor 2.1 Carbon Nanotubes 2.2 Quantum Dot 2.3 Gold 2.4 Silver 2.5 Magnetic Nanomaterials 2.6 Polymer-Based Nanomaterial 3. Synthesis of Nanomaterial for Sensor 4. Functional Mechanism of Nanosensors 5. Real-World Applications of Nanomaterials in Sensors 5.1 Biomedical Applications 5.2 Food and Agricultural Applications 5.3 Military and Defence Applications 6. Challenges and Limitations of Nanomaterial-Based Sensors 7. Prospects and Emerging Trends 8. Conclusion References Biosensors for Monitoring Climatic Stressors in Agricultural Crops 1. Introduction 2. Overview of Nanomaterials and Their Potential for Abiotic Stress Detection 3. Applications of Engineered Nanomaterials in Plant Stress Control 4. Challenges and Opportunities 5. Conclusions References Smart Nanosensors: A New Approach in Crop Protection and Pest Management 1. Introduction 2. Biosensor Types 2.1 Nanorods 2.2 Dendrimers 2.3 Nanowires 2.4 Carbon-Nano Tubes 2.5 Quantum-Dots 3. Environmental Factors 3.1 Irradiation 3.2 Wind 3.3 Humidity 4. Biosensors in Detection of Plant Diseases 5. Agriculture and Nano Biosensors 6. Economic and Environmental Impact 6.1 Economic Impact 6.2 Environmental Impact 7. Challenges in the Use of Nanobiosensors 8. Conclusion References Nanosensors: How Nanotechnology Is Being Used to Detect and Monitor Food Quality, Safety, and Authenticity 1. Introduction 2. Types of Nano Sensors 2.1 Optical Sensors 2.2 Electrochemical Sensors 2.3 Mechanical Sensors 2.4 Advantages and Limitations of Nano Sensors in Food Analysis 3. Applications of Nanosensors in Food Monitoring 3.1 Detection of Contaminants 3.2 Freshness and Shelf-Life Assessment 3.3 Authentication and Traceability 3.4 Quality Control in Production 3.5 Allergen Detection 3.6 Monitoring Food Packaging 4. Conclusion References Development and Applications of Nanobiosensors for Precision Agriculture 1. Introduction 2. Use of Nanotechnology for the Development of Nanobiosensors 3. Different Materials Used in Production of Nanobiosensors 4. Advantages of Nanobiosensors in Agriculture 5. Applications of Nanobiosensors in Agriculture 5.1 Nanobiosensors for Plant Pathogen Detection 5.2 Nanobiosensors as Detection Tool for Soil Character and Disease Assessment 5.3 Nanobiosensor to Study Plant-Soil-Microbe Interaction 5.4 Nanobiosensors for Agri-food Industry 6. Conclusion 7. Future Perspectives References Smart Materials as Nanosensors in Solar Cell Perspectives 1. Introduction 2. Different Genres of Solar Cells 2.1 First Generation Solar Cells 2.2 Second Generation Solar Cells 2.3 Third Generation Solar Cells 3. Smart Materials and Their Use in Solar Cell 3.1 Different Kinds of Smart Materials Useful in Solar Cell 4. Nanosensors and Their Application in Solar Cell 4.1 Optical Nanosensors 4.2 Thermal Nanosensors 4.3 Chemical Nanosensors 4.4 Mechanical Nanosensors 5. Integration of Smart Materials into Solar Cells 5.1 Surface Functionalization 5.2 Layer Integration 5.3 Hybrid Nanocomposites 5.4 Considerations 6. Enhancements in Solar Cell Performance Employing Smart Materials as Nanosensors 6.1 Real-Time Monitoring and Adaptive Response 6.2 Enhanced Light Absorption 6.3 Improved Charge Separation and Transport 6.4 Self-healing and Longevity 6.5 Energy Harvesting and Storage 6.6 Environmental Sensing and Adaptation 6.7 Challenges and Considerations 6.8 Conclusion 7. Future Directions and Challenges 7.1 Future Directions 7.2 Challenges 7.3 Conclusion References Smart Decision for Nanosensor Industry Using Control Chart Approach 1. Introduction 2. Role of Nanosensors in Nanotechnology 3. Control Chart Approach 4. Application of Control Charts in Nannosensor Industry 5. Some Limitations of Control Charts in Nanosensor Industry 6. Concluding Remarks References Rare-Earth Based Nanomaterials for Sensors: Experimental and Application Perspectives 1. Introduction 2. Synthesis of Rare-Earth-Based Nanomaterials 2.1 Sol–Gel 2.2 Coprecipitation 2.3 Microemulsion 2.4 Other Methods 3. Sensor Characterization 4. Rare Earth-Based Materials for Sensor Applications References Fabrication and Functionalization of Bismuth Chalcogenide Nanostructures for Biomedical and Toxic Gas Sensing Applications 1. Introduction 1.1 Materials Classification 1.2 Sensors 1.3 Sensor Testing Methods 2. Bismuth Chalcogenides 2.1 Bismuth Sulphide (Bi2S3) 2.2 Bismuth Selenide (Bi2Se3) 2.3 Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3) 3. Synthesis Methods 3.1 Solvothermal Method 3.2 Solution Route 3.3 Thin Film Deposition 4. Characterization Techniques 5. Challenges and Future Directions 6. Conclusions References Nanobiosensors for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance: Possibilities and Challenges 1. Introduction 2. Bacterial Resistance Mechanisms to Antibiotics 2.1 Intrinsic Resistance Is Inherent 2.2 Acquired Resistance Is Adaptive 3. Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria (ARB) Has Become Ubiquitous 4. Biosensing of Antibacterial Resistance—Genetic Versus Phenotypic Characterization 5. Traditional Approaches in AMR Surveillance—Challenges and Limitations 6. Nanobiosensors for the Detection of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria (ARB) 6.1 Biological Recognition Elements 6.2 Nanoparticles for Biosensing 7. Challenges and Concluding Remarks References