Bee Products and Their Applications in the Food and Pharmaceutical Industries

Description

Bee Products and Their Applications in the Food and Pharmaceutical Industries focuses on the health benefits of selected bee products by looking more closely at their pharmacological potentials and therapeutic applications in coping with various diseases. The book explores some of these products, such as royal jelly, propolis and bee venom, which is highly attractive to the food supplement sector due to the biological actions that are proved by scientific studies. Bee products also attract the cosmetics industry by utilizing those products in various applications such as hair products, toothpaste, sunscreen creams, lip balsams, or facial moisturizing creams. Each chapter focuses on a particular health benefit, providing more compact and detailed information about each activity for a specific interest. The mainframe of the book is based on the medicinal and pharmacological functions of bee products, with the therapeutic applications for each bee product supporting the mechanism of action of their biological functions. Front Cover Bee Products and Their Applications in the Food and Pharmaceutical Industries Copyright Dedication Contents Contributors Preface Chapter 1 Bee products—An overview of their pharmacological properties and medicinal applications Introduction Complementary and alternative medicine Bee product pharmacology Ethical considerations with the use of bee products Problems of holistic apitherapy Bias in interpretation of scientific data Acceptance of bee products as medicine Possibilities for uses of bee products in medicine Treatment of various types of wounds Wound infections Tonsillectomy Diabetic foot ulcers Radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis Burns Malignant fumigating wounds Herpes virus-associated skin lesions (HSV-1, HSV-2) Honey for acute coughs in children Oral health—Dental plaque and gingival inflammation Poststroke shoulder pain Musculoskeletal pain Bee products must be superior to other approaches Bringing bee products back into medicine—Discussion and concluding remarks References Chapter 2 Bee products and skin therapy Introduction Honey Types of honey The role of honey constituents Therapeutic properties of honey Propolis Propolis against photodamage of skin Antimicrobial properties of propolis against infections Wound healing properties of propolis Bee pollen Bee pollen and skin products A cosmetic ingredient for hair products Burn healing properties Royal jelly Royal jelly in skin care Therapeutic effects of royal jelly Beeswax Beeswax in cosmetics Beeswax in skin care Antimicrobial effects of beeswax Antioxidative and antiinflammatory activity of beeswax Bee venom Cosmetic applications of bee venom Pharmacological value of bee venom Conclusion References Chapter 3 Bee products and diabetes mellitus Introduction Preclinical studies on the antidiabetic potential of bee products Blood glucose, Hb1Ac, and lipid profiles Insulin deficiency Oxidative stress and insulin resistance Preclinical studies of bee products on diabetic complications Diabetic nephropathy Diabetic retinopathy Delayed wound healing Clinical studies involving bee products Conclusion References Chapter 4 Propolis and the immune system Introduction Phytochemicals of propolis responsible for immunomodulatory action Overview of the immune response Immunomodulatory effects on innate and adaptive immunity Effects on innate immunity Effects on phagocytes, NK cells, and cytokines Effects on dendritic cells and cytokines Effects on adaptive immunity Conclusion References Chapter 5 Propolis and gastrointestinal tract diseases Introduction Phytochemical constituents of propolis Effect of propolis on oral mucositis Effect of propolis on gastrointestinal cancers Mechanism of action of propolis on cancer cells Research on development of pharmaceutics Antiulcer activity of propolis Mechanism of action of propolis on gastric ulcers Efficacy of propolis on H. pylori Effect of propolis on inflammatory bowel disease Conclusion References Chapter 6 Potential of propolis against SARS CoV-2 coronavirus infection Introduction Antiviral properties of propolis Possible paths of action of propolis against COVID-19 Effects on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor binding Blocking of protein kinases Inhibition of proteases Immunomodulatory activity Adjuvant efficiency Efficiency against septic shock Antithrombosis activity Conclusion References Chapter 7 Effect of propolis on fungi of human clinical interest A modern portrait of human fungal infections Tegumentar infections Mucosal infections Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) Fungal virulence attributes Insights on treatment of human fungal infection Propolis Botanical origin Chemical composition Physicochemical characteristics Products, by-products, and formulations Biological properties of propolis for human health Pharmacological properties Antifungal properties Mechanisms of propolis antifungal action Propolis cytotoxicity and mutagenic potential Propolis perspectives for prevention or treatment of fungal infections Propolis on cutaneous fungal infections Propolis on mucosal fungal infections Propolis in the prevention of systemic fungal infections and potential use in the coating of medical devices Conclusion References Chapter 8 Royal jelly and fertility Introduction The effects of royal jelly on fertility in experimental animal models Effect of royal jelly on female fertility in rodents Effect of royal jelly on male fertility in rodents Fertility-improving effect of royal jelly in farm animals Chickens Rabbits Buffaloes Sheep Royal jelly and human fertility Beyond royal jelly: The effect of drone milk on fertility The effect of drone milk on male rats The effect of drone milk on female rats Conclusions References Chapter 9 Prevention of side effects from chemoradiotherapy and antitumor potential of royal jelly and its components: A s ... Introduction Materials and methods Data source and search strategy Inclusion and exclusion criteria Selection of articles and quality assessments Data analysis Results Characteristics of selected studies Preclinical cell studies Breast cancer Colorectal adenocarcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma Lung cancer Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis Preclinical animal studies Breast cancer Leukemia Prevention of side effects—Hepatotoxicity Prevention of side effects—Mucositis Prevention of side effects—Prostatic tissue damage Prevention of side effects—Spermiotoxicity Effect of RJ on the human models Clinical trials with RJ for oncologic treatments Leukemia Effect of RJ on treatable symptoms from oncologic treatments Cancer-related fatigue Cancer-related fatigue and anorexia Eating difficulty Inflammation Mucositis Nephrotoxicity Inflammation and decrease of immunity Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgments References Chapter 10 Royal jelly: Healthy aging and longevity Introduction Royal jelly Aging process Evaluation of royal jelly studies on healthspan and lifespan Apis mellifera studies A nematode model study: Caenorhabditis elegans A yeast model study: Saccharomyces cerevisiae A multicellular organism model study: Drosophila melanogaster Rodent model studies: Rat and mice Conclusion References Chapter 11 Bee pollen in cosmetics: The chemical point of view Introduction Bee pollen as a nutritional and health-promoting agent Bee pollen as a source of antioxidants Lipophilic/hydrophilic character of bee pollen Skin and skincare cosmetics Selected compounds from bee pollen as skincare cosmetics components Quercetin and derivatives Vitamin C ( l -ascorbic acid) Vitamin E (tocopherols) Apigenin and derivatives Zinc and selenium Conclusion References Chapter 12 Pollen and bee bread and liver health Introduction Chemical composition and active components of pollen and bee bread Effects of pollen and bee bread on liver enzymes and diseases Liver enzymes Hepatitis and hepatotoxicity Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) Cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Safety considerations of pollen and bee bread Future pollen and bee bread research Conclusions References Chapter 13 Bee bread and gut microbiota Introduction Chemical composition of bee bread Moisture Proteins and amino acids Lipids Ash content and minerals Carbohydrates Phenolic compounds Compounds related to aroma and flavor Vitamins Biochemical principles related to bee bread production in the hives Microorganisms involved in bee bread production Functional potential of bee bread on gut microbiota Simulation of production of bee bread from bee pollen Conclusion References Chapter 14 Therapeutic application of bee venom for rheumatoid arthritis Introduction Historical context Type of application method of bee venom therapy Pharmaceutical properties and medical uses of bee venom Bioactive compounds in bee venom Therapeutic applications Bee venom therapy for rheumatoid arthritis In vivo studies for rheumatoid arthritis In vitro studies for rheumatoid arthritis Clinical studies for rheumatoid arthritis Safety of bee venom therapy Conclusion References Chapter 15 Bee venom: Antitumor activity and its therapeutic applications Introduction The physical and chemical attributes of bee venom Biological active components of bee venom Enzymes Phospholipase A2 Phospholipase B Hyaluronidase Phosphatase α -Glucosidase Peptides Melittin Apamin Mast cell degranulating (MCD) peptide Adolapin Tertiapin Secapin Cardiopep General medicinal properties of bee venom Antitumor activity of bee venom Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease Antimicrobial properties of bee venom Conclusion References Chapter 16 An overview of risks and benefits of bee products Introduction Health benefits of bee products Honey Bee pollen Royal jelly Propolis Risks associated with consumption of bee products Environmental contaminants Microbial contamination and mycotoxins Allergic reactions Chemicals occurring during processing and storage Adulteration of honey Poisonous honey Honey and infant botulism Conclusion References Chapter 17 Future prospects of propolis, bee pollen, royal jelly, and bee venom Introduction Challenges in various applications of bee products Variation in bioactive components of bee products Propolis Pollen and bee bread Royal Jelly Bee venom Safe doses and bioavailability of nutrients Regulations on health claims for bee products Food applications and dietary supplements with bee products Outlook for bee products Conclusion References Index Back Cover