Goldman-Cecil Medicine

Description

Cleaned version with corrected pagination, page orientation and bookmarks. Front Matter Copyright Page Associate Editors Preface Contributors Video Contents Section 1: Social and Ethical Issues in Medicine Chapter 1: Approach to Medicine, the Patient, and the Medical Profession Chapter 2: Bioethics in the Practice of Medicine Chapter 3: Palliative Care Chapter 4: Disparities in Health and Health Care Chapter 5: Global Health Section 2: Principles of Evaluation and Management Chapter 6: Approach to the Patient Chapter 7: Approach to the Patient with Abnormal Vital Signs Chapter 8: Statistical Interpretation of Data and Using Data for Clinical Decisions Chapter 9: Measuring Health and Health Care Chapter 10: Quality, Safety, and Value Chapter 11: Comprehensive Chronic Disease Management Section 3: Preventive and Environmental Issues Chapter 12: the Periodic Health Examination Chapter 13: Physical Activity Chapter 14: Adolescent Medicine Chapter 15: Immunization Chapter 16: Principles of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Chapter 17: Radiation Injury Chapter 18: Bioterrorism Chapter 19: Chronic Poisoning Section 4: Aging and Geriatric Medicine Chapter 20: Epidemiology of Aging Chapter 21: Geriatric Assessment Chapter 22: Common Clinical Sequelae of Aging Chapter 23: Urinary Incontinence Chapter 24: Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Aging Chapter 25: Delirium in the Older Patient Section 5: Clinical Pharmacology Chapter 26: Principles of Drug Therapy Chapter 27: Pain Chapter 28: Biology of Addiction Chapter 29: Nicotine and Tobacco Chapter 30: Alcohol Use Disorders Chapter 31: Drugs of Abuse Chapter 32: Immunomodulatory Drugs Chapter 33: Biologic Agents and Signaling Inhibitors Chapter 34: Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Medicine Section 6: Genetics Chapter 35: Principles of Genetics Chapter 36: Clinical Genomics—genome Structure and Variation Chapter 37: Applications of Molecular Technologies to Clinical Medicine Chapter 38: Regenerative Medicine, Cell, and Gene Therapies Section 7: Principles of Immunology and Inflammation Chapter 39: the Innate Immune System Chapter 40: the Adaptive Immune System Chapter 41: Mechanisms of Immune-mediated Tissue Injury Chapter 42: Mechanisms of Inflammation and Tissue Repair Chapter 43: Transplantation Immunology Chapter 44: Complement System in Disease Section 8: Cardiovascular Disease Chapter 45: Approach to the Patient with Possible Cardiovascular Disease Chapter 46: Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease Chapter 47: Cardiac and Circulatory Function Chapter 48: Electrocardiography Chapter 49: Echocardiography Chapter 50: Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging Chapter 51: Catheterization and Angiography Chapter 52: Heart Failure Chapter 53: Heart Failure Chapter 54: Diseases of the Myocardium and Endocardium Chapter 55: Principles of Electrophysiology Chapter 56: Approach to the Patient with Suspected Arrhythmia Chapter 57: Approach to Cardiac Arrest and Life-threatening Arrhythmias Chapter 58: Supraventricular Cardiac Arrhythmias Chapter 59: Ventricular Arrhythmias Chapter 60: Electrophysiologic Interventional Procedures and Surgery Chapter 61: Congenital Heart Disease in Adults Chapter 62: Angina Pectoris and Stable Ischemic Heart Disease Chapter 63: Acute Coronary Syndrome Chapter 64: ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction and Complications of Myocardial Infarction Chapter 65: Interventional and Surgical Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease Chapter 66: Valvular Heart Disease Chapter 67: Infective Endocarditis Chapter 68: Pericardial Diseases Chapter 69: Diseases of the Aorta Section 9: Vascular Medicine Chapter 70: Arterial Hypertension Chapter 71: Atherosclerotic Peripheral Arterial Disease Chapter 72: Other Peripheral Arterial Diseases Chapter 73: Thrombotic Disorders Chapter 74: Venous Thrombosis and Embolism Chapter 75: Pulmonary Hypertension Chapter 76: Antithrombotic and Antiplatelet Therapy Section 10: Respiratory Diseases Chapter 77: Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Disease Chapter 78: Imaging in Pulmonary Disease Chapter 79: Respiratory Testing and Function Chapter 80: Disorders of Ventilatory Control Chapter 81: Asthma Chapter 82: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Chapter 83: Cystic Fibrosis Chapter 84: Bronchiectasis, Atelectasis, Cysts, and Localized Lung Disorders Chapter 85: Alveolar Filling Disorders Chapter 86: Interstitial Lung Disease Chapter 87: Occupational Lung Disease Chapter 88: Physical and Chemical Injuries of the Lung Chapter 89: Sarcoidosis Chapter 90: Acute Bronchitis and Tracheitis Chapter 91: Overview of Pneumonia Chapter 92: Diseases of the Diaphragm, Chest Wall, Pleura, and Mediastinum Chapter 93: Interventional and Surgical Approaches to Lung Disease Section 11: Critical Care Medicine Chapter 94: Approach to the Patient in a Critical Care Setting Chapter 95: Respiratory Monitoring in Critical Care Chapter 96: Acute Respiratory Failure Chapter 97: Mechanical Ventilation Chapter 98: Approach to the Patient with Shock Chapter 99: Cardiogenic Shock Chapter 100: Shock Syndromes Related to Sepsis Chapter 101: Disorders Due to Heat and Cold Chapter 102: Acute Poisoning Chapter 103: Medical Aspects of Trauma and Burns Chapter 104: Envenomation, Bites, and Stings Chapter 105: Rhabdomyolysis Section 12: Renal and Genitourinary Diseases Chapter 106: Approach to the Patient with Renal Disease Chapter 107: Structure and Function of the Kidneys Chapter 108: Disorders of Sodium and Water Chapter 109: Potassium Disorders Chapter 110: Acid-base Disorders Chapter 111: Disorders of Magnesium and Phosphorus Chapter 112: Acute Kidney Injury Chapter 113: Glomerular Disorders and Nephrotic Syndromes Chapter 114: Tubulointerstitial Diseases Chapter 115: Diabetes and the Kidney Chapter 116: Vascular Disorders of the Kidney Chapter 117: Nephrolithiasis Chapter 118: Cystic Kidney Diseases Chapter 119: Hereditary Nephropathies and Developmental Abnormalities of the Urinary Tract Chapter 120: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostatitis Chapter 121: Chronic Kidney Disease Chapter 122: Treatment of Irreversible Renal Failure Section 13: Gastrointestinal Diseases Chapter 123: Approach to the Patient with Gastrointestinal Disease Chapter 124: Diagnostic Imaging Procedures in Gastroenterology Chapter 125: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Chapter 126: Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Chapter 127: Disorders of Gastrointestinal Motility Chapter 128: Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Chapter 129: Diseases of the Esophagus Chapter 130: Acid Peptic Disease Chapter 131: Approach to the Patient with Diarrhea and Malabsorption Chapter 132: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Chapter 133: Inflammatory and Anatomic Diseases of the Intestine, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Omentum Chapter 134: Vascular Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract Chapter 135: Pancreatitis Chapter 136: Diseases of the Rectum and Anus Section 14: Diseases of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Bile Ducts Chapter 137: Approach to the Patient with Liver Disease Chapter 138: Approach to the Patient with Jaundice Or Abnormal Liver Tests Chapter 139: Acute Viral Hepatitis Chapter 140: Chronic Viral and Autoimmune Hepatitis Chapter 141: Toxin- and Drug-induced Liver Disease Chapter 142: Bacterial, Parasitic, Fungal, and Granulomatous Liver Diseases Chapter 143: Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Chapter 144: Cirrhosis and Its Sequelae Chapter 145: Hepatic Failure and Liver Transplantation Chapter 146: Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts Section 15: Hematologic Diseases Chapter 147: Hematopoiesis and Hematopoietic Growth Factors Chapter 148: the Peripheral Blood Smear Chapter 149: Approach to the Anemias Chapter 150: Microcytic and Hypochromic Anemias Chapter 151: Autoimmune and Intravascular Hemolytic Anemias Chapter 152: Hemolytic Anemias Chapter 153: The Thalassemias Chapter 154: Sickle Cell Disease and Other Hemoglobinopathies Chapter 155: Megaloblastic Anemias Chapter 156: Aplastic Anemia and Related Bone Marrow Failure States Chapter 157: Polycythemia Vera, Essential Thrombocythemia, and Primary Myelofibrosis Chapter 158: Leukocytosis and Leukopenia Chapter 159: Approach to the Patient with Lymphadenopathy and Splenomegaly Chapter 160: Histiocytoses Chapter 161: Eosinophilic Syndromes Chapter 162: Approach to the Patient with Bleeding and Thrombosis Chapter 163: Thrombocytopenia Chapter 164: Von Willebrand Disease and Hemorrhagic Abnormalities of Platelet and Vascular Function Chapter 165: Hemorrhagic Disorders Chapter 166: Hemorrhagic Disorders Chapter 167: Transfusion Medicine Chapter 168: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Section 16: Oncology Chapter 169: Approach to the Patient with Cancer Chapter 170: Epidemiology of Cancer Chapter 171: Cancer Biology and Genetics Chapter 172: Myelodysplastic Syndromes Chapter 173: The Acute Leukemias Chapter 174: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Chapter 175: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Chapter 176: Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas Chapter 177: Hodgkin Lymphoma Chapter 178: Plasma Cell Disorders Chapter 179: Amyloidosis Chapter 180: Tumors of the Central Nervous System Chapter 181: Head and Neck Cancer Chapter 182: Lung Cancer and Other Pulmonary Neoplasms Chapter 183: Neoplasms of the Esophagus and Stomach Chapter 184: Neoplasms of the Small and Large Intestine Chapter 185: Pancreatic Cancer Chapter 186: Liver and Biliary Tract Cancers Chapter 187: Tumors of the Kidney, Bladder, Ureters, and Renal Pelvis Chapter 188: Breast Cancer and Benign Breast Disorders Chapter 189: Gynecologic Cancers Chapter 190: Testicular Cancer Chapter 191: Prostate Cancer Chapter 192: Malignant Tumors of Bone, Sarcomas, and Other Soft Tissue Neoplasms Chapter 193: Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers Section 17: Metabolic Diseases Chapter 194: Approach to Inborn Errors of Metabolism Chapter 195: Disorders of Lipid Metabolism Chapter 196: Glycogen Storage Diseases Chapter 197: Lysosomal Storage Diseases Chapter 198: Homocystinuria and Hyperhomocysteinemia Chapter 199: The Porphyrias Chapter 200: Wilson Disease Chapter 201: Iron Overload (Hemochromatosis) Section 18: Nutritional Diseases Chapter 202: Nutrition’s Interface with Health and Disease Chapter 203: Protein-Energy Malnutrition Chapter 204: Malnutrition Chapter 205: Vitamins, Trace Minerals, and Other Micronutrients Chapter 206: Eating Disorders Chapter 207: Obesity Section 19: Endocrine Diseases Chapter 208: Approach to the Patient with Endocrine Disease Chapter 209: Principles of Endocrinology Chapter 210: Neuroendocrinology and the Neuroendocrine System Chapter 211: Anterior Pituitary Chapter 212: Posterior Pituitary Chapter 213: Thyroid Chapter 214: Adrenal Cortex Chapter 215: Adrenal Medulla, Catecholamines, and Pheochromocytoma Chapter 216: Diabetes Mellitus Chapter 217: Hypoglycemia and Pancreatic Islet Cell Disorders Chapter 218: Polyglandular Disorders Chapter 219: Neuroendocrine Tumors Chapter 220: Sexual Development and Identity Chapter 221: The Testis and Male Hypogonadism, Infertility, and Sexual Dysfunction Chapter 222: Ovaries and Pubertal Development Chapter 223: Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Section 20: Women's Health Chapter 224: Approach to Women’s Health Chapter 225: Contraception Chapter 226: Common Medical Problems in Pregnancy Chapter 227: Menopause Chapter 228: Intimate Partner Violence Section 21: Diseases of Bone and Mineral Metabolism Chapter 229: Approach to the Patient with Metabolic Bone Disease Chapter 230: Osteoporosis Chapter 231: Osteomalacia and Rickets Chapter 232: The Parathyroid Glands, Hypercalcemia, and Hypocalcemia Chapter 233: Paget Disease of Bone Chapter 234: Osteonecrosis, Osteosclerosis/hyperostosis, and Other Disorders of Bone Section 22: Diseases of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Chapter 235: Approach to the Patient with Allergic Or Immunologic Disease Chapter 236: Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Chapter 237: Urticaria and Angioedema Chapter 238: Systemic Anaphylaxis, Food Allergy, and Insect Sting Allergy Chapter 239: Drug Allergy Chapter 240: Mastocytosis Section 23: Rheumatic Diseases Chapter 241: Approach to the Patient with Rheumatic Disease Chapter 242: Laboratory Testing in the Rheumatic Diseases Chapter 243: Imaging Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases Chapter 244: Inherited Diseases of Connective Tissue Chapter 245: The Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases Chapter 246: Osteoarthritis Chapter 247: Bursitis, Tendinitis, and Other Periarticular Disorders and Sports Medicine Chapter 248: Rheumatoid Arthritis Chapter 249: The Spondyloarthropathies Chapter 250: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Chapter 251: Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) Chapter 252: Sjögren Syndrome Chapter 253: Inflammatory Myopathies Chapter 254: The Systemic Vasculitides Chapter 255: Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica Chapter 256: Infections of Bursae, Joints, and Bones Chapter 257: Crystal Deposition Diseases Chapter 258: Fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Myofascial Pain Chapter 259: Systemic Diseases in Which Arthritis Is a Feature Chapter 260: Surgical Treatment of Joint Diseases Section 24: Infectious Diseases Chapter 261: Introduction to Microbial Disease Chapter 262: The Human Microbiome Chapter 263: Principles of Anti-infective Therapy Chapter 264: Approach to Fever Or Suspected Infection in the Normal Host Chapter 265: Approach to Fever and Suspected Infection in the Immunocompromised Host Chapter 266: Prevention and Control of Health Care–Associated Infections Chapter 267: Approach to the Patient with Suspected Enteric Infection Chapter 268: Approach to the Patient with Urinary Tract Infection Chapter 269: Approach to the Patient with a Sexually Transmitted Infection Chapter 270: Approach to the Patient Before and After Travel Bacteria Chapter 271: Antibacterial Chemotherapy Chapter 272: Staphylococcal Infections Chapter 273: Streptococcus Pneumoniae Infections Chapter 274: Nonpneumococcal Streptococcal Infections and Rheumatic Fever Chapter 275: Enterococcal Infections Chapter 276: Diphtheria and Other Corynebacterium Infections Chapter 277: Listeriosis Chapter 278: Anthrax Chapter 279: Erysipelothrix Infections Chapter 280: Clostridial Infections Chapter 281: Diseases Caused By Non–Spore-Forming Anaerobic Bacteria Chapter 282: Neisseria Meningitidis Infections Chapter 283: Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Infections Chapter 284: Haemophilus and Moraxella Infections Chapter 285: Chancroid Chapter 286: Cholera and Other Vibrio Infections Chapter 287: Campylobacter Infections Chapter 288: Escherichia Coli Enteric Infections Chapter 289: Infections Due to Other Members of the Enterobacteriaceae, Including Management of Multidrug-Resistant Strains Chapter 290: Pseudomonas and Related Gram-Negative Bacillary Infections Chapter 291: Diseases Caused By Acinetobacter and Stenotrophomonas Species Chapter 292: Salmonella Infections (Including Enteric Fever) Chapter 293: Shigellosis Chapter 294: Brucellosis Chapter 295: Tularemia and Other Francisella Infections Chapter 296: Plague and Other Yersinia Infections Chapter 297: Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections Chapter 298: Legionella Infections Chapter 299: Bartonella Infections Chapter 300: Granuloma Inguinale (Donovanosis) Chapter 301: Mycoplasma Infections Chapter 302: Diseases Caused By Chlamydiae Chapter 303: Syphilis Chapter 304: Nonsyphilitic Treponematoses Chapter 305: Lyme Disease Chapter 306: Relapsing Fever and Other Borrelia Infections Chapter 307: Leptospirosis Chapter 308: Tuberculosis Chapter 309: The Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Chapter 310: Leprosy (Hansen Disease) Chapter 311: Rickettsial Infections Chapter 312: Zoonoses Chapter 313: Actinomycosis Chapter 314: Nocardiosis Fungus Chapter 315: Systemic Antifungal Agents Chapter 316: Endemic Mycoses Chapter 317: Cryptococcosis Chapter 318: Candidiasis Chapter 319: Aspergillosis Chapter 320: Mucormycosis Chapter 321: Pneumocystis Pneumonia Chapter 322: Mycetoma and Dematiaceous Fungal Infections Parasites Chapter 323: Antiparasitic Therapy Chapter 324: Malaria Chapter 325: African Sleeping Sickness Chapter 326: Chagas Disease Chapter 327: Leishmaniasis Chapter 328: Toxoplasmosis Chapter 329: Cryptosporidiosis Chapter 330: Giardiasis Chapter 331: Amebiasis Chapter 332: Babesiosis and Other Protozoan Diseases Chapter 333: Cestodes Chapter 334: Trematode Infections Chapter 335: Nematode Infections Virus Chapter 336: Antiviral Therapy (Non-HIV) Chapter 337: The Common Cold Chapter 338: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Chapter 339: Parainfluenza Viral Disease Chapter 340: Influenza Chapter 341: Adenovirus Diseases Chapter 342: Coronaviruses Chapter 343: Measles Chapter 344: Rubella (German Measles) Chapter 345: Mumps Chapter 346: Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-barr Virus, and Slow Virus Infections of the Central Nervous System Chapter 347: Parvovirus Chapter 348: Smallpox, Monkeypox, and Other Poxvirus Infections Chapter 349: Papillomavirus Chapter 350: Herpes Simplex Virus Infections Chapter 351: Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox, Shingles) Chapter 352: Cytomegalovirus Chapter 353: Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Chapter 354: Retroviruses Other Than Human Immunodeficiency Virus Chapter 355: Enteroviruses Chapter 356: Rotaviruses, Noroviruses, and Other Gastrointestinal Viruses Chapter 357: Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Chapter 358: Arboviruses Causing Fever and Rash Syndromes Chapter 359: Arboviruses Affecting the Central Nervous System Section 25: HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Chapter 360: Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Chapter 361: Immunopathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Chapter 362: Biology of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses Chapter 363: Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Chapter 364: Antiretroviral Therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Chapter 365: Microbial Complications in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Chapter 366: Systemic Manifestations of HIV/AIDS Chapter 367: Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in HIV/AIDS Section 26: Neurology Chapter 368: Approach to the Patient with Neurologic Disease Chapter 369: Psychiatric Disorders in Medical Practice Chapter 370: Headaches and Other Head Pain Chapter 371: Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury Chapter 372: Mechanical and Other Lesions of the Spine, Nerve Roots, and Spinal Cord Chapter 373: Regional Cerebral Dysfunction Chapter 374: Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Chapter 375: The Epilepsies Chapter 376: Coma, Vegetative State, and Brain Death Chapter 377: Sleep Disorders Chapter 378: Approach to Cerebrovascular Diseases Chapter 379: Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease Chapter 380: Hemorrhagic Cerebrovascular Disease Chapter 381: Parkinsonism Chapter 382: Other Movement Disorders Chapter 383: Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Conditions of the Central Nervous System Chapter 384: Meningitis Chapter 385: Brain Abscess and Parameningeal Infections Chapter 386: Acute Viral Encephalitis Chapter 387: Prion Diseases Chapter 388: Nutritional and Alcohol-Related Neurologic Disorders Chapter 389: Congenital, Developmental, and Neurocutaneous Disorders Chapter 390: Autonomic Disorders and Their Management Chapter 391: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Diseases Chapter 392: Peripheral Neuropathies Chapter 393: Muscle Diseases Chapter 394: Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission Section 27: Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases Chapter 395: Diseases of the Visual System Chapter 396: Neuro-Ophthalmology Chapter 397: Diseases of the Mouth and Salivary Glands Chapter 398: Approach to the Patient with Nose, Sinus, and Ear Disorders Chapter 399: Smell and Taste Chapter 400: Hearing and Equilibrium Chapter 401: Throat Disorders Section 28: Medical Consultation Chapter 402: Principles of Medical Consultation Chapter 403: Preoperative Evaluation Chapter 404: Overview of Anesthesia Chapter 405: Postoperative Care and Complications Chapter 406: Medical Consultation in Psychiatry Section 29: Skin Diseases Chapter 407: Approach to Skin Diseases Chapter 408: Principles of Therapy of Skin Diseases Chapter 409: Eczemas, Photodermatoses, Papulosquamous (Including Fungal) Diseases, and Figurate Erythemas Chapter 410: Macular, Papular, Purpuric, Vesicobullous, and Pustular Diseases Chapter 411: Urticaria, Drug Hypersensitivity Rashes, Nodules and Tumors, and Atrophic Diseases Chapter 412: Infections, Hyperpigmentation and Hypopigmentation, Regional Dermatology, and Distinctive Lesions in Black Skin Chapter 413: Diseases of Hair and Nails Appendix: Reference Intervals and Laboratory Values