Cosmopolitan Conservatisms Countering Revolution in Transnational Networks, Ideas and Movements (c. 1700-1930)

Description

In this volume contributors from different national and disciplinary backgrounds explore ideas, media, networks, and institutions of conservatism from the late 17th to the early 20th century from a transnational perspective. Contents Acknowledgements Illustrations Notes on Contributors 1. Cosmopolitan Conservatisms: Introduction 1 Countering Revolution: Present and Past 2 Aims 3 Conservatism: Problems of Definition 4 Counterrevolutionary Cosmopolitanism: A Conceptual Approach 5 Modalities: Transnational Media, Movements, and Networks 6 Contents and Structure 7 Conclusions and Perspectives Bibliography Part 1. Conservative Enlightenments 2. Popular Conservatisms and Ecological Consciousness: 18th-Century Traditions of Nature Writing 1 Noël-Antoine Pluche, Alexander Pope, and Popular Conservatisms 2 Divine Providentialism and the Physico-Theological Tradition 2.1 From the Great Chain of Being to an Organicist Worldview 3 From Nature to Human Society 4 Conservation and Conservatism 5 Epilogue: The Legacy of Popular Conservative Ecologism Bibliography 3. Eclectic, Conservative, Cosmopolitan: The Linguistics and Anthropology of Lorenzo Hervás 1 Lorenzo Hervás: Exile, Linguist and Counter-Revolutionary 2 Hervás’ Collaborators: Nationalists, Conservatives, Traditionalists, Cosmopolitans 3 Hervás’ Conservative Epistemology 4 Hervás, Andrés, and Eximeno 5 Conclusion Bibliography 4. Counter-revolution, Conservatism and Conspiracy in the Cosmopolitan Public 1 Mallet, Barruel and the Philosophes 2 Mallet Du Pan and the Recent Historiography of the Enlightenment 3 Conservatism and the Public Sphere 4 Philosophie and Anti-Philosophie before the Revolution 5 Mallet Du Pan and Conservative Networks 6 Journalistic Networks and Cosmopolitan Conservatism 7 Conservative Journalism in Pre-revolutionary Europe 8 Humanitarianism, Abolitionism and Social Revolution in Conservative Journalism 9 Conclusions Bibliography 5. Enlightenment against Revolution: The Genesis of Dutch Conservatism 1 In Praise of the Republic 2 Modern Natural Law versus Revolutionary Natural Rights 3 Celebrating the Rise of Commercial Society 4 Conclusion Bibliography 6. A Christian Cosmopolitanism: Pauline Universalism and Cynic Apostolicism during the Brabant 1 Introduction 1.1 Ancient Cosmopolitanism 2 Stoic Cosmopolitanism in the Austrian Netherlands 3 A Return of Cynic Cosmopolitanism: Pauline Ethics against Josephist Reformism 4 Conclusion Bibliography 7. 18th-Century Crusaders: The War against France and the Catholic Counterrevolution, 1789–99 1 The Revolution against Catholicism 2 For God and the Country: Spain’s War against the Revolution 3 An 18th-Century Crusade 4 Conclusion Bibliography Part 2. Transnational Networks and Institutions 8. Survival Strategies: Jacobite Adaptability, ­ 1689–1789, and Counter-revolutionary Prototypes 1 Bourbons and Stuarts: Connections and Convergences 2 Jacobitism, Counter-Revolution, and Conservatism 3 The Several Versions of 18th-Century Jacobitism 4 ‘James III’ and the Exiled Court in Italy 5 Jacobite Strategic Options: The Importance of Aristocratic Networks 6 Two Brothers, Two ‘Counter-revolutionary’ Strategies 6.1 James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde 6.2 Charles Butler, 1st Earl of Arran 7 Conclusion Bibliography 9. Transnational Networks, Salon Sociability, and Multilateral Exchanges in the Study 1 Transnational Conservative Networks and Exchange 2 Conservative Exchanges in the Revolutionary and Restoration Eras 3 Conclusion and Epilogue: Towards the 20th and 21st Centuries Bibliography 10. The Ancien Régime and the Jeune Premier: The Birth of Russian Conservatism in Vienna ­­(1803–12) 1 Introduction 2 Russian Traditionalism or Conservatism? 3 Uvarov’s Road to Vienna 4 A Viennese Refuge in an Unruly Europe 5 Russian Conservatism In- and Outside Russia? Identifying Different Narratives 5.1 The “Most Liberal of Monarchists” 6 The Narrative of the Vienna Circle 6.1 De Ligne 6.2 Gentz 6.3 Pozzo di Borgo 6.4 de Staël 7 A Strategic Narrative? Bibliography 11. How Conservative Was the Holy Alliance Really? Tsar Alexander’s Offer 1 A Celebration of Holy Magnanimity 2 How Did the Holy Alliance Come to Be Considered Conservative? 3 What Did the Tsar Want? 4 A Plan for the Security and Salvation of Europe—with Help from the Prussians 5 A Mesmerizing Perspective 6 Historicizing the Holy Alliance Bibliography 12. France and Spain: A Common Territory of ­ Anti-Revolution (End of the 18th Century–1880) 1 A Shared Struggle against the Enlightenment, the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Empire 2 Absolutists, Ultras, Legitimists and Carlists: The Franco-Spanish axis of the Internationale Blanche (1820‒1876) 3 Conclusion Bibliography 13. Romancing the Monarchy: Romantic Queens and Soft Power 1 Prussia’s Mater Dolorosa: Queen Louise 2 Victoria and Her Highlanders: Royal-rustic Communitarianism 3 Aber Sissi!... 4 Conclusion Bibliography Part 3. Conservative Modernisms 14. Conservative Women Writers: A Transnational History of Literary Bestsellers Opposing Liberalism 1 Male Anti-feminism and the Mobilization of Conservative Women 2 Conservative Female Literature 3 Networks and Transnational Distribution 4 Conclusion Acknowledgments Bibliography 15. Muddling Through: The Rhetoric on Conservatism and Revolution in the London Times, 1789–2010 1 Introduction 2 Glorious Revolution: A Foreign Event 3 Destructives and Unionists: Against Reformism and Separatism 4 Socialist Scourge: The Rise of Labour 5 Disarming Revolution: Ironies and Paradoxes 6 Conclusion Bibliography 16. Languages of Transnational Conservatism: The Emergence of “Left” and “Right” in Britain 1 “Revolution” in Fin-de-Siècle Britain 2 1917 and After 3 Across the Spectrum Bibliography 17. Western Conservative Ideas and Politics in China from the 1910s to the 1930s 1 “Conservatism” in Chinese 2 English Conservatism and Zhang Shizhao 3 Western Conservative Ideas in China between the World Wars 4 The Kuomintang and German Conservatism 5 Conclusion Bibliography 18. Modernity and the Question of Conservatism: Reflections Based on the Chinese Case 1 Modernization, Conservatism, and Cultural Particularity 2 The Challenge of Research on Conservatism 3 Conservatism from the Perspective of Intellectual History 4 Chinese Conservatism in the 20th Century 5 Chinese Critiques of Progress: A Typology 6 The Dilemma of Chinese Conservatism References Cited Index