Environmental Challenges in Civil Engineering II

Description

This book gathers a selection of papers presented at the 5th International Scientific Conference “Environmental Challenges in Civil Engineering”, ECCE 2022, held on September 26-28, 2022, in Opole, Poland. Written by an international group of experts, it reports on findings concerning structural material behavior, and new methods and technologies in constructions. A special emphasis is given to sustainable constructions practices, including material recycling and reuse, renovation and restoration of historical building and to those fostering sustainable development of cities and rural areas, and a better integration of buildings with the environment.   Offering a good balance of theory and practice, and covering both technical and organizational aspects in civil engineering and architectural projects, this book offers extensive information on solutions and current challenges in construction projects and structural interventions in the context of environmental protection and earthquake prevention. Preface The Scientific Committee of the ECCE 2022 Conference The Organizing Committee of the ECCE 2022 Conference Contents About the Editors Seismic Engineering and Geotechnics Seismic Risk and Environmentally Friendly Solutions: The Geotechnical Point of View 1 Introduction 2 An Interesting Example of Seismic Microzonation 3 From Local Site Response to Soil-Structure Interaction 4 A New Eco-sustainable Geotechnical Solution for Reducing the Seismic Risk of Structures 5 Conclusions References Seismic Design Using Advanced Technologies: An Environmental Point-of-View 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Nonlinear Time History Analysis 2.2 Problem Formulation 2.3 Solution Scheme 3 Example 4 Conclusions References Sustainable Building: The Role of the Soil Parameters on Earthquake Safety 1 Introduction 2 Earthquake Data for the FEM Analyses 3 The Building and Its Subsoil 4 The FEM Model 5 Results 5.1 DSSI and Soil Filtering Effects 5.2 The New Proposed Elastic Response Spectra 6 Final Remarks References The Role of DSSI on the Seismic Risk Assessment of a Building 1 Introduction 2 A Preliminary Approach for the Evaluation of DSSI Effects: The Proposed Methodology for a New Seismic Zonation 2.1 Evaluation of DSSI Effects 2.2 The Investigated Area 2.3 The Proposed Seismic Microzonation Map 3 A Detailed Evaluation of DSSI Effects by Means of a Numerical Model of a Single Full-Coupled Soil-Structure System 3.1 The Structure and Its Subsoil 3.2 The Adopted Seismic Inputs 3.3 The FEM Models 3.4 The Main Results 4 Conclusions References Response of Geodesic Domes on the Seismic Excitation with Time History Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Performed Research 2.1 Numerical Models 2.2 Research Methods 2.3 Numerical Results 3 Discussion of the Obtained Results 3.1 General Remarks 3.2 Natural Frequencies 3.3 Displacements from Numerical Analysis 3.4 Accelerations from Numerical Analysis 4 Conclusions References Algorithms for the Near-Real Time Identification and Classification of Landslide Events Detected by Automatic Monitoring Tools 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 OOA Identification Algorithm 2.2 Event Classification Algorithm 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Event #1: March 2020 3.2 Event #2: December 2019 4 Conclusions References Analysis of Dynamic Compaction Effects – Tavira Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Case Study Description 2.1 Unifamilial Building Characterization 2.2 Geographical Location and Geomorphological Landscape 2.3 Geological and Lithological Site Characterization 2.4 Pavement Characterization and Compaction 2.5 Compaction Equipment and Procedure 2.6 Non-structural Pathologies 3 Proposed Solution 3.1 Compaction Equipment Proposed 3.2 Walls Repairing Solution and Procedure 4 Final Considerations References Bridge Engineering Stress State and Several Problems of Estimating the Actual Operation of Effective Bridge Superstructures 1 Introduction 2 General Characteristics of the Bridge Superstructure of the Driveway at the Dnieper Hydroelectric Power Station Dam 3 Design Model of Superstructure 4 Load on the Superstructure 5 Results of Numerical Calculations Made for Superstructure Bearing Strength 6 Conclusions References Durability and Assessment of Early Post-tensioned Bridges 1 Introduction 2 Post-tensioned Bridges in Slovakia 3 Monitoring of Prestressing Force 3.1 Examples of Bridge Assessment 4 Conclusions References Impact of Duration and Intensity of Seismic Records on the Soil-Steel Bridge Behavior 1 Introduction 2 Applied Method of Analysis 2.1 Description of Real Bridge 2.2 Description of Numerical Model 2.3 Description of Interface 2.4 Seismic Excitations 3 Results 3.1 General Remarks 3.2 Displacements 3.3 Velocities 3.4 Accelerations 4 Conclusions References Impact of Reinforcement Layer in Soil-Steel Culvert on Laboratory and Numerical Tests 1 Introduction 2 Description of Experimental and Numerical Analysis 2.1 Properties of Laboratory and Numerical Models 2.2 Properties of Steel Shell 2.3 Properties of Backfill 2.4 Properties of Geosynthetic Reinforcing 2.5 Properties of Interface 3 Results Analysis 3.1 General Remarks 3.2 Displacements 3.3 Axial Forces 3.4 Bending Moment 4 Conclusions References Concrete Engineering Comparative Analysis of the Use of Different Concrete Models in the Evaluation of the Propagation of Damage in the Reinforced Concrete Sample 1 Introduction 2 Models and Methods 2.1 Analyzed Problem and the Target of Analysis 2.2 Constitutive Relationships 2.3 Contact 2.4 Corrosion Interaction Model 2.5 Menetrey-Willam Model 2.6 Drucker-Prager Composite Model with Rankine Tension Failure Surface 2.7 Hardening and Softening 3 Computational Example 3.1 Determination of the Effective Values of the Components of Volumetric Strain Tensor 3.2 Parameters Describing the Behavior of Steel and Concrete in Elastic and Inelastic Regions 3.3 The Results of Computer Simulation 4 Conclusions 4.1 Conclusion No. 1 4.2 Conclusion No. 2 References Diagnostic and Design of Reconstruction of Building Váhostav 1 Introduction 2 Building Description – Existing State 3 Building Diagnostics 3.1 General Description 3.2 Failure Detection and Analysis 3.3 Evaluation of the Detailed Inspection 3.4 Results of Diagnostics 4 Load-Carrying Capacity Calculation 5 Conclusions References Rheological Properties of Concrete Based on Waste Materials 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Comparison with the Results of Other Scientists 4 Conclusions References Effect of the Addition of Waste Fibers on Some Properties of Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Tests Results 4 Conclusions References Architecture and Urban Planning Ecological Aspect of Water Retention Through Algae Based Hydraulic Systems in Interactive Architecture 1 Introduction 2 Research Aim and Objectives 3 Methodology 4 Micro-algae Purifying Water Treatment 4.1 Biological and Technical Aspects 4.2 Speculative Design Project 01: The Indus 4.3 The Case Study Project 02: Aureola 5 Observations 6 Conclusions 7 Guidelines for Further Research References Summer City: Campsites as a New Ecological Approach to Sustainable Living 1 The City of Desires Between Nature and Artifice. The Hypothesis of Intervention on Open-Air Accommodation Facilities 2 Organization and Characteristics of Open-Air Accommodation Facilities 3 Environmental Friendliness of Open-Air Accommodation Facilities 4 Case Studies 4.1 Environmental Mitigation 4.2 Externalization of Virtuous Plant Systems for the Optimization and Use of Natural Resources 4.3 Coding of the Elements of Vernacular Architecture for the Definition and Organization of the Landscape 5 Conclusions References The Use of a Prefabricated Mass Timber Structure in the Design of Single-Family Houses in Terms of Sustainable Development 1 Introduction 2 Research Method 2.1 Frame Construction 2.2 Mass Timber Structure 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Rural Building in Opole Silesia During the Period of the Frederician Colonization 1 Introduction 2 Materials, Methods, Scope, and Aims of the Paper 3 Development of Frame Construction and Brief Description of Frame Structures Used in Opole Silesia 4 Discussion 5 Summary References Other Issues: Wind Engineering, Innovative Solutions, Reconstruction, and Organization of Building Site Wind-Based Form-Finding of a Tensegrity Pavilion 1 Introduction 1.1 Digital Design in the Climate Change Era 1.2 Generative Design and Optimization 1.3 Muscles/Bones: Design of Tensegrity Structures 1.4 CFD in the Tensegrity Structures Design 1.5 The Pavilion 2 Design Method 2.1 Obtaining Weather Data 2.2 Digital Geometry and Material Definition of One Tensegrity Unit 2.3 Attachment of Tensegrities Based on Pre-defined Rules 2.4 Application of Loads Through Karamba 3D (Tensegrity System) 2.5 Structural Analysis (Tensegrity System) 2.6 CFD Simulations (Membranes) 3 Conclusions References Energy-Efficient Reinforced Heating System Implemented as a Carbon Concrete Formwork 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Components for Carbon Concrete Heating Elements 2.2 Sample Preparation 2.3 Test Set-Up 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Influence of the Fibre-reinforcement on Concrete Strength 3.2 Heat-Up Properties 3.3 Energy Consumption 3.4 Reference Object 4 Conclusions References Originality and Safety as a Priority in the Revitalization of Immovable Monuments? 1 Introduction 2 Technical Problems in 2013 3 Description of the Conservation and Construction Solutions Implemented in 2013 4 Assessment of the Current Technical Condition of the Facility Supported by Tests After Nine Years of Operation 5 Summary References Shaping the Course of Costs Curves Generated in Diversified Investment Sectors 1 Introduction 2 Comparison of the Course of Earned Cost Curves 3 Conclusions 4 Summary References Economic Conditions of Leaving the Construction Site by the Contractor at Different Stages of its Implementation 1 Introduction 2 Practical Aspects of Applying the Analyzed Method 2.1 Description of the Research Object 2.2 Monitoring the Progress of Works According to the EVM 3 Conclusions from Research and Analyzes References