Politics Between Nations: Power, Peace, and Diplomacy

Description

This multidisciplinary volume examines the meaning of global conflict and cooperation by international actors that can be caused by dis- or misinformation to people and discusses how to build diplomacy for peace and regional cooperation. The book further identifies boundaries of the relationships among the various governments of the world, transatlantic alliances, international organizations, non-governmental organizations, transnational corporations, and the overall interdependence of nations in the making of the modern world.  Topics discussed in this volume include diplomacy, international relations theory, Eurasia politics, European Union, Brexit, Taliban taking over of Kabul government, and the ongoing Afghanistan conflict, terrorism, ISIS and Al Qaeda, international law, international organizations, interstate and intrastate war, threats and challenges, global civil society, religion, and culture. The volume advances contemporary theories and concepts to explain these issues concerning peoples and cultures in the complex world we live in. The book is a must-read for students, researchers, and scholars of international relations, political science, political history, political geography, economics, and law in general, as well as diplomacy, political communication, and security studies in particular. Preface Envisioning a Dialogue on Diplomacy, Peace, Cooperation, and Power References Acknowledgements Contents Part I: War and Peace Introduction: Who Rules the World? After War Ends, Who Wins the Peace? Introduction American Revolution and War of 1812 The Mexican War The Civil War The Indian Wars World War I World War II Korean War Vietnam The Cold War Afghanistan Iraq Conclusions Locus of Control Liberty Nationalism and Patriotism Attack the Enemy The Study of Peace Politics Between Nations: Power, Peace, and Diplomacy An Exciting Volume - Politics Between Nations: Power, Peace, and Diplomacy Part II: Power in Peace Relations The Fix: Why We Can´t Solve the World´s Problems Introduction Climate Change Democracy as Obstacle to Remedy Dictatorship as an Obstacle International Negotiations as an Obstacle Racism and the Threat to Democracy Origins of Enfranchisement in Racism Racism, Language Contact, and the Spread of the Suffrage The Threat to Democracy Covid-19 Colonialist Discourse Democratic Contestation Colonialism and Incumbency, Round Two References The American Supremacy and Leadership Preeminence in NATO: A Test of the Transatlantic Alliance Introduction Organizational Leadership and Leadership Styles Autocratic or Authoritarian Leadership Participative, Democratic, or Shared Leadership Transactional and Transformational Leadership Laissez-Faire or Free-Rein Leadership Task-Oriented and Relationship-Oriented Leadership Paternalistic Leadership NATO and Transatlantic Relations NATO´s Goals and Values NATO´s Organization Structure United States and the Role and Interests of European Great Powers Major NATO Divisions and Debates Multilateralism in NATO Conclusion: U.S. Leadership in NATO References Cosmopolitan Peacekeeping Through International Humanitarian Order in the Frame of Sustainability and the Global Economy Introduction Human Rights as a Cosmopolitan and Global Regime in a Global Economy? Implementation, Norm-creation, and Standard Setting of an International Humanitarian Order Human Rights and Sovereignty: Are Human Rights and Cosmopolitan Peacekeeping a Reality Today? Conclusion References Making Waves: Accessing a Model of Sustainable Peace and Cooperation Through Qualitative Methodologies Sustainable Peace The Concepts of Human Security and Cooperation The Role of Citizens in the Sustainable Peace Process Using Qualitative Methods and Techniques for the Study of Sustainable Peace and Cooperation Qualitative Methods The Qualitative Research Process The Research Question The Techniques The Analysis The Qualitative Researcher Conclusions Exercise References European Union: Politics and Policies Introduction European Community: One Idea, Two Models The Actual Attitudes Toward the European Union The Populist Wave in The European Union The Reality of Terrorism in the European Union The European Union Opportunity to Play a Role in the New World Order Conclusion References Making War and Building Peace: What Future for the United Nations and Regional Peace Operations Introduction The Contribution of Regional Organizations to International Peace and Security Advantages of Regional Peace Operations Disadvantages of Regional Peace Operations Regional Peace Operations: Advantages Versus Disadvantages The UN and Regional Organizations: Recent Developments Conclusion References Part III: International Politics and War on Peace Failed Assault on Ukraine: Russian Corruption and the Politics of Military Incompetence Introduction References The Questions of War: Taiwan and Ukraine Introduction Why Would Russia Invade Ukraine? Did Putin Have to Invade Ukraine? What Were the Military Risks for Putin? Would the Ukrainian Army Fight? Could Russia Install a Pro-Putin Government? Could Russian Troops Occupy Ukraine? Will Economic Sanctions Hurt Russia? What Was Putin Thinking? Why Would China Care About Taiwan? What Are the Capabilities of the US 7th Fleet? What Are the Capabilities of the Chinese Navy? Who Would Blink? Could the US Military Stop China from Landing in Taiwan? Would Jinping Start an Invasion and Then Call It Off if the USA Acted? Will There Be War Between China and the USA? Could There Be a Big War? What Is the Worst Case? The Leadership Wildcards? The Best Case Scenario? Why Now? Now Because the World Is Distracted and Uncertain Perpetual War References Populist Sharp Power: How the World Entered in a New Cold War Introduction Russia and China as Populist Countries Defining Sharp Power Cyberterrorism as Sharp Power Chinese Sharp Power: More Than a New Silk Road Russian Sharp Power: The Tzar Is Back Conclusion References Human Rights in the World Community: Issues, Challenges, and Action Proposed Introduction Interpretation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Principles, and Stages, or ``Generations´´ of Human Rights The 1948 Declaration, First Generation of Principles of Human Rights Justification, Universality, and Multiculturalism The Future of Human Rights and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Conclusion References Public Perception of Race Relations During the Obama Era Introduction Background Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusion References Part IV: War, Diplomacy, Arms Races or Stability The End of ``The Endless War´´: Biden´s Botched Afghanistan Exit and the Myth of American Decline Introduction Lessons From World War II The Heroes of 9/11 Lessons of the American Revolution The Lessons of the Vietnam War The Aftermath The Implications References Nuclear Danger in Asia: Arms Races or Stability? Introduction New Threat Environments Proliferation in Asia The Cast of Characters Forces and Outcomes Preliminary Findings and Indications Conclusions Addressing Disinformation and Misplaced Criticism: The Need for a More Effective EU Public Diplomacy Introduction Public Diplomacy The Need for an Effective EU Public Diplomacy EU Public Diplomacy EU Public Diplomacy and Strategic Communication The Governance of EU Public Diplomacy The Role of Directorates General (DGs) The Role of EU Delegations The Targets of the EU´s Public Diplomacy EU Member States Applicant and Candidate Countries The EU´s Neighboring Countries Communicating with the Rest of the World Factors Limiting the Effectiveness of the EU´s Public Diplomacy Conclusions and Recommendations References Children in Times of War and World Disorder in the Twenty-First Century: The International Law and Children´s Human Rights Introduction and Background Ground Zero of Children´s Rights The Protection Rights Russian Aggression on Ukraine and Human Rights Provisions For All Children Interpreting Article 12 The Participation Discourse Method Study Sample Rationale Exploring the Views of Young People Findings and Discussion Conclusion and Recommendations References Putin´s Russia and the Nuclear War Threat to the West: Everyone Loses, One Step Forward, Two Steps Back Introduction Boooommmmm Development of New Weapons Anti-ballistic Missile Defenses Other Scenarios The Diplomacy of Mutually Assured Destruction The Extent of the Threat Conclusion References Human Security and Human Rights: Connecting the Global and the Local Introduction The Human Security Concept Economic Security Food Security Health Security Environmental Security Personal Security Political Security Human Security and Human Rights Freedom from Want Freedom from Fear Challenges to the Human Security Concept The Problem of Definition Priority Responsibility The Requirements of National Security Best Intentions Human Security Policy in Action References Part V: Global Security, Terrorism, and the Role of Force The Battle Against Global Terrorism: The Role of Private Security in the USA and in the EU Introduction Defining the Concepts Global Terrorism Security and Private Security Current Global Terrorist Threats Modalities Terrorist Attacks The Response of the European Union Private Security in the USA From the Beginnings Until 9/11 The Homeland Security Conclusion References Bringing Law as Interpretation (Through Performance Art) to the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement: A Conceptual Fram... Introduction Setting the Ball Rolling: Border as a Territory Beyond Border as Territory Discourse Internal Displacement, Legality, and the Rights-Based Approach Legal Provisions: International Human Rights Instruments Article 14: 1051 UN Refugee Convention/1967 Protocol The UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement The United Nations Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement Thematic Thrusts of the GP Thematic Thrust #1: The Right Not to Be Arbitrarily Displaced Thematic Thrust #2: Responsibility to Protect (R2P) Regional International Instruments on Human Rights The Kampala Convention: Contradictions and Complexities Durable Solutions to Internal Displacement Without Citizen Participation? The Case for a Rights-Based Approach Performing Displacement: Designing Drama Workshops for Advocacy in Nigeria Performing Law and the Rights-Based Approach On the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) Critiques of the Rights-Based Approach Conclusion References ``The Hidden Figure of a Global Crime´´: From Human Trafficking to Human Rights: Complexities and Pitfalls Introduction Scope of the Problem Global Problem Economic Context Social Context Political Context Background Recruitment of Trafficked Individuals Abduction Fraud Sale by Family Coercion Former Slaves Transportation Macro-Movement Key Players in International Trade Risk Factors of Trafficked Individuals Individual Risk Factors Relational Risk Factors Historical Parallels of Trafficked People Historical Slavery and Modern Slavery Historical Slavery and Modern Slavery Discussion Human Trafficking Policy and Legal Obligations Human Trafficking Policy Regional Trend and Services Role of the Local, State, National, International Government Role of Service Providers Role of Community/Society at Large Conclusion References A Global Animal Farm: Situating International Instability Introduction Theoretical Background Sources of Instability: Dragon and Bear; Eagle and Lion Global Geopolitical Crisis: China, Russia, the United States, and Great Britain The Power Struggle Global Economic Crises Climate Change Demographic Shifts Technological Change The United States of America: The Eagle The United States Under Donald Trump Social, Political, and Economic Crises in The US Conclusion References A Spin of the Wheel: Co-operation or Competition-Defense Procurement and Defense Industries in International Relations Introduction Strategic Agility United States Programs F-22 Raptor MQ-1 Predator Israeli Programs The Lavi The Scout Discussion Conclusion Appendix References Islam v. Islamic State: Charges, Arguments, and Evidence in the Islamic Case Against ISIS Introduction: The Vexed Question of Representativeness Resisting the Legitimacy of Islamic State: From the White House to the Muslim Conclave Charge 1: Islamic State Is Not a Legitimate Caliphate Charge 2: Islamic State Leaders Have No Religious Authority to (Re)Define Islam Charge 3: Islamic State Enacts Collective Excommunication of the Majority of Muslims Charge 4: Islamic State Violates Islamic Stipulations on Lawful Warfare and Human Rights Charge 5: Islamic State Represents a Form of Neo-Kharijism Conclusion: Beyond the Religious References Modernizing the U.S. Strategic Land-Based Missile Force: Prudent Necessity or Deterrence Distraction? Introduction U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces Under New START U.S. Nuclear-Strategic Postures Analysis The Other Legs Conclusion References Part VI: Foreign Policy Analysis The New EU-Africa Relations´ Strategy: Soft Power or Neoliberalist Power? Introduction Some Theoretical Considerations on the Envisioned EU-Africa Partnership On the Common Priorities as Reflected in the New Strategy On Partners and the Partnership On Sovereignty and Conditions On Other Global Players Some More on Engagement On the Identity and Interests of the EU On Individual Member States and the EU How Credible Is the EU´s ``Fair Partnership´´ Strategy in Africa? Arguments and Methods Be(Com)Ing a Fair Partner for Africa: A Notorious Operation Be(com)ing a Fair Partner for Africa: A Credible Operation? Be(com)ing a Fair Partner: A Risky Operation for Africa? Conclusions References Britain´s Economic Relations with Africa in a Post-Brexit Future Introduction Leaving the European Union Brexit and British Imperial History The 2020 U.K.-Africa Investment Summit The Promise of Brexit The Potential of Brexit Foreign Investor Confidence The Liz Truss/Rishi Sunak Factor Conclusion References Romania: Between Europeanisation and De-Europeanisation Introduction What Is Euroscepticism? Some Preliminary Clarifications Regarding the Definition of a By-Now Classic Concept The Deep Roots of Romanian Euroscepticism: Nationalism, Legionarism, and National-Communism Who Are Romania´s Eurosceptics and What Do They Claim? Actors, Ideas, Public Events Conclusion References Trojan Horses or Still Out in the Cold? United States Foreign Relations with Poland: Road Ahead in the Wake of Russian Rockets... Introduction Past Polish-American Relations Russian Missiles Strike Poland Conclusion References Why Foreign Policies Fail, and Why Political Scientists Misunderstand Policy Failure Introduction Crisis and War Avoidance Audience Costs, So-Called Can States Act Strategically? Crisis: Cost or Gain? More Neglect of the Speech-Act: Why the United States Commits Itself to the Defense of Berlin in 1948 Crisis over Berlin Complex and Uncertain? International Versus Electoral Judgments Racism Interferes Gricean Maxims: Who Can Make Sense of ``Pass the Buck´´? Soviet Considerations Elections and Textual Evidence Discursive Analyses of International Politics Who Talks to Whom? Ending the Cold War Contrasting Experiences of Housing Mutual Containment Lost Opportunity? Probably Not Foreign Policy Failure References