Stable Isotopes in High Temperature Geological Processes

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Page 1 Titles STABLE ISOTOPES In HIGH TEMPERATURE Editors: John W. Valley, Hugh P. Taylor, Jr., James R. O'Neil ROBERT N. CLAYTON DAVID R. COLE ROBERT E. CRISS HIROSHI OHMOTO JAMES R. O'NEIL HUGHP. TAYLOR,Jr. JOHN W. VALLEY Page 1 Titles Volume 16: STABLE ISOTOPES in High Temperature Geologic Processes Reviews in Mineralogy Page 1 Titles FOREWORD DEDICATION iii Page 2 Titles BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH of SAMUEL EPSTEIN Page 1 Titles PREFACE Page 2 Page 3 Page 1 Titles TABLE of CONTENTS Chapter 1 James R. O'Neil THEORETICAL and EXPERIMENTAL ASPECTS of ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION Chapter 2 David R. Cole & Hiroshi Ohmoto KINETICS of ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE at ELEVA TED Page 2 Titles Chapter 3 Robert T. Gregory & Robert E. Criss ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE in OPEN and CLOSED SYSTEMS Page 3 Titles Chapter 4 Robert N. Clayton HIGH TEMPERATURE ISOTOPE EFFECTS in the EARLY SOLAR SYSTEM Chapter 5 T. Kurtis Kyser STABLE ISOTOPE VARIATIONS in the MANTLE Chapter 6 Simon M.F. Sheppard CHARACTERIZATION and ISOTOPIC VARIATIONS in NATURAL WATERS Page 4 Titles Chapter 7 Bruce E. Taylor MAGMATIC VOLATILES: ISOTOPIC VARIATION of C, H, and S Page 5 Titles Chapter 8 Hugh P.Taylor, Jr. & Simon M.F. Sheppard IGNEOUS ROCKS: I. PROCESSES of ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION and ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS Chapter 9 Hugh P. Taylor, Jr. IGNEOUS ROCKS: II. ISOTOPIC CASE STUDIES Page 6 Titles Chapter 10 Simon M.F. Sheppard IGNEOUS ROCKS: llI. ISOTOPIC CASE STUDIES of MAGMATISM in AFRICA, EURASIA and OCEANIC ISLANDS Page 7 Titles Chapter 11 Robert E. Criss & Hugh P. Taylor, Jr. METEORIC-HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS Chapter 12 KarIis Muehlenbachs ALTERATION of the OCEANIC CRUST and the 180 HISTORY of SEAWATER Page 8 Titles Chapter 13 John W. VaIIe~ STABLE ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY of METAMORPHIC ROC Chapter 14 Hiroshi Ohmoto STABLE ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY of ORE DEPOSITS Page 9 Titles Appendix: TERMINOLOGY and STANDARDS James R. O'Neil Page 1 Titles Chapter 1 James R. O'Neil THEORETICAL and EXPERIMENTAL ASPECTS of ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION Page 2 Page 3 Titles o .... ..... ..... ZPE r INTERATOMIC DISTANCE (1 ) Page 4 Titles V= _1 Ir (2) Page 5 Titles (4) (3) (7) Page 6 Titles (8) E - "- " (9) aT E (11) K = Q(13CO)/Q(,2CO) (12) K = (QA,)a(QB/ (Q2/QI)1 (14) Page 7 Titles (15) (17) (18) h2 (19) h3 V (20) (21) Page 8 Titles (27.) Page 9 Titles (29) (30) (31) (32) Page 10 Titles Q2/QI = - - II -._-._~~ (37) (38) Page 11 Page 12 Titles TEMPERA TURE ('K) G u 12 Tables Table 1 Table 2 Page 13 Titles 2 U2 e- 2 _ 1 Page 14 Titles 0). Page 15 Titles 15 Tables Table 1 Page 16 Page 17 Tables Table 1 Page 18 Page 19 Page 20 Page 21 Tables Table 1 Table 2 Page 22 Page 23 Page 24 Page 25 Page 26 Titles " o 103(ln "'l-ln"'l ) a b o ,,-r-"wo 26 Tables Table 1 Page 27 Page 28 Page 29 Titles o -.0 • 29 Page 30 Page 31 Page 32 Titles o 32 Tables Table 1 Table 2 Page 33 Page 34 Titles I'able 4. Compilation of calculated and experimentally determined oxygen and hydrogen Tables Table 1 Page 35 Titles Table 4 (continued). Hvdrozen Oxvzen Table 5. Compilation of calculated and experimentally determined sulfur and carbon Carbon Tables Table 1 Page 36 Page 37 Page 38 Page 39 Page 40 Page 1 Titles Chapter 2 David R. Cole & H. Ohmoto KINETICS of ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE at ELEVA TED 41 Page 2 Page 3 Titles I e.; k = A e (1) Page 4 Tables Table 1 Page 5 Titles X~ + Y~ Rf Rr = Y~/Y~ (6) Page 6 Tables Table 1 Page 7 Titles - __ . __ .--L._ Page 8 Page 9 Titles ac ax ' Page 10 Titles I I I I j + c Page 11 Titles (21) Page 12 Page 13 Titles v /f,sec b Page 14 Titles a c b Page 15 Page 16 Titles '. .. '" Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Titles 1.5 (1/T) X 103 2.5 2rr--,---,,---.--~-.------~--------~ A-B 100 .... ', .... ',.10 """ " ......... 300 400 -6 10 6 4 2 o~~--~--~~~~--~~~~--~ pH in situ S9 Tables Table 1 Page 20 Titles (27) Page 21 Page 22 Page 23 Page 24 Titles I Cl)1 ~ I cr>-, : CI) ~~ < < < < < < < < < :C :< • • • N..:t : :I: :I: :I: l~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ N N ~ I I I I I I I I ! ! I I I I I II I I I ~ ~ ~ .... ~ 64 Page 25 Titles > > ~~~ ~ ~ ~ .... jj a­ .... a- ... , : N s .., .., s ... ~ -e : a- ... - _ ...... .-4..-t~""oo·o ~8B"""'''''''' .._, ---00 ~:i :5 '" s ..... '" :J ~'" ~~ ~~ o j go go go go 111:J11 11 .... .... cr- , ,.., o 0 0 > ," ." "' '" .... s ," "' s ." 3 ." o 3 s ..... ..... 2 7n Page 31 Titles 71 Tables Table 1 Page 32 Titles bO "" g ," ~ .... '" ~ ." j § ," '" ~ s ," gj .... ," -e I-I Cl> 80 0 ~ o§ C> 0 ~ Vl s: I .- o B ~ _J o :;; ~ I ,,)0 J Tables Table 1 Page 16 Titles o -2 , I ' I ' 1 1 KR.j K' -4 8 f- 2./ 7rm 11. 12\ _ -12 ( ) ........ / ~?~- '/.'3\ 16'; ~ ~Ill i ((-"" ss '---Ho-T' \ ~ :;'->0 H- ".t I -N Tables Table 1 Table 2 Page 17 Page 18 Tables Table 1 Page 19 Page 20 Page 21 Titles ~ o '[ E aJ a- U a 8.~ " '" ge~ '" ~ " g,o -5 q, l: u f.. ..c~ .:;.~ + + r--.:~~~ ""':NO ";' _..::too" 0"'0 C!-,;;o '" .. +eo ~I 5 5 :5 55 N , '" '" , f"\O"": N N ' ..... 0 ~""' "" o '" E '" N ""' 11 205 Page 22 Titles ~ __ _'R'-::-"" [SJ\' '180 ~ o -c.o 7.0 0.75-~-~---r--,--_._--.-_. 0.74 ~ ~0.73 co ':::: co 0.71 0.70 0.054 0.056 0.058 0.060 204Pb/206Pb 276 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Titles • , Page 8 Titles NVZ 8 /~\ Tungurahua Sincholahua 0.705 cvz Si O2 (wI. "10) Tables Table 1 Table 2 Page 9 Page 10 Titles o Page 11 Page 12 Titles , E G 87Sr/86Sr WHOLE ROCK Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Titles PACIFIC o o '.... --.... Page 16 Titles PENINSULAR RANGES BATHOLITH . . .. . . .•... . ~~ .. ¥.. . .o~ 8. 0 .. Tables Table 1 Page 17 Titles 'f.O ....., ::;:, ~ 32'l .::~~"'~J I 's , _T \ ------liEfifo /' YUMA '\ Tables Table 1 Page 18 Tables Table 1 Page 19 Titles ° -- SAN JAC/NTO- (++ --- SANTA ROSA ~ + + + j MTN. BLOCK -, ~ -.....:~o go ° ~~ 0--_ WESTERN ~ H/GH -180 ZONE. BAJA CALIF. WESTERN ,..... \0" ZONE ... ... ,!!> Page 20 Page 21 Page 22 Page 23 Titles * 8'80, per mIl Tables Table 1 Page 24 Page 25 Page 26 Titles • • • • • • • r • • • • • Tables Table 1 Page 27 Titles 0.700 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 618,0 (%0) 299 Tables Table 1 Page 28 Page 29 Titles 01 STRIBUTION OF VOLCANOES Tables Table 1 Page 30 Titles 87Sr/86Sr WHOLE ROCK +20 o ~ MORS ISLANDS O~ -L L- ~ 0.702 0.705 0.708 87Sr/86Sr Tables Table 1 Page 31 Page 32 Page 33 Titles Bouguer Anomalies (mgal) 1';,----11- t; 0) ----_/ ... 6 3t-----...J Si02 (wt 'Yo) Tables Table 1 Page 34 Page 35 Titles .. ..;- . :····IJt ;~ ~ laB II • I.' Age (Ma) Tables Table 1 Page 36 Page 37 Tables Table 1 Page 38 Page 39 Page 40 Titles AFC ~ .... ~ ~ ~ BIOTITE (%0) Page 41 Page 42 Page 43 Page 44 Page 45 Page 46 Page 1 Titles Chapter 10 Simon M.F. Sheppard IGNEOUS ROCKS: III. ISOTOPIC CASE STUDIES of Page 2 Titles • : .... •• • ••• • • · . 0+. • o Groundmass • •• ++~=% A--O-X-+ ,?)_ C!?r.t o Olivine A Magnetite .. ~ .. ....... . ~ .. ... . - ••• ", :t •• . :... . . Tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Page 3 Page 4 Titles • . .... • • . . • •• • •• 60, %oSMOW o Page 5 Page 6 Titles 324 Page 7 Titles ' ... I.""b. + 4.0 to 4.9 o Alkali Basalt * Silicic Centres b. 5.0 to 5.7 • 3.0 to 3.9 ... 1.8 o 50 ..______, km 8 km - - Deep crustal 12.~ Page 8 Page 9 Titles ..., .. Page 10 Titles r--------------r L_~y_~---------_~ At'.O . ~ .\ . ' r------------------------' , ' .... -"- - - - - - -8- - - - - - - ..J . . .. .. •••• . . . • I ~ 2 '0 o C. t + , + :+ ~ OD, %0 - Gardar Continental Tables Table 1 Table 2 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Titles .... , Page 14 Page 15 Titles III " /// \ ._______. Page 16 Titles '" '" s '" +g: "'''' '" ........... ~~~oooo~.;ooo ............ ..;~~oooov.:.;ooo · " " · '" " "'" ,., · :; v. '" " " .. '" ,., " · " ~ " ::: · ~ ~ · Page 17 Page 18 Titles .:-vr. ~. '. .... : ...... ••• .. + + + + 336 Page 19 Titles 337 Page 20 Titles I o 2km Tables Table 1 Page 21 Page 22 Titles 340 Page 23 Page 24 Page 25 Titles \"dian Shield rib e ~~~r:: .~o " '" ...... _---- Page 26 Titles 344 REV016C010_p345-372.pdf Page 1 Titles -17.2 - - - .- o -14.2 , , 0'--- 0 ,.--- c::J '. ~129 "-. \_, -o"~:a.!ll: ~ ~.9 boO tr .!! t ~ .. ~. .. ~ u" 0. ~ ~ 8. == "C :; be ~ en == ... !l ;; .. uJ ~ ~)l nts.g ~~ ~] f:31 .~'O] i! ]~] ~~.g ~-:" l~j ~:a~ ~f fl:a:!i'. ~'3 :::l. ~s" ,,~~ -e o;d e~e ~o ,,::::" taG b.o >~ 0 _ .; ~ ~ ~::o • CIl =;c 58.:3~ c ~ ~ ~ :9d~ ii! -e ~ Z "en"-" Z .... . ./ _. Gahbro '. 17- 9) Muskox, Mackenzie w Page 2 Page 3 Titles Cu-Ni Sulfide Deposits +30 +30 Page 4 Page 5 Titles • • :: ',&~\ - . ----------.---- ;,-.---------!------- 21- : , EVOLUTION OF SULFUR IN MAGMATIC SYSTEMS (Interaction of Fluids --~- --~:~4~ l:S in fluids drops to ~O.l wt % (Separation of MallNtic Maematic Fluids S = 1-30 wI % at T >750°C Total Page 6 Tables Table 1 Page 7 Page 8 Titles ---Mo--- I : j -- --- ---- --- --.:- --', 538 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Titles ~ .. '~ Page 12 Page 13 Titles ,---, o Zeol i te Mont. Ser. + ChI. Facies 5 6180 (%0) avo ~ o Mudstone ~ Sasalt, Andesite • Dacite 20 25 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Titles '" ~ --- ----- Tables Table 1 Page 17 Titles GENETIC MODEL FOR THE SHMS DEPOSITS r--~ 1 km > 100 km ------j + + + 11' HEAT + Tables Table 1 Page 18 Page 19 Titles at 75·C o 5 10 15 S34 S (,.) 20 25 Tables Table 1 Table 2 Page 20 Titles + + + + + + 1l' + + + Page 21 Page 22 Titles Mixin2 Model 141- Added Sulfide I +5 +10 i 1 i Sulfide I • I Content 8 Mixing _J I (wt%) Line I I . i I i I , . 2~UlTllle" / r» / ~.... /' o ~ Yoo) 552 Page 23 Page 24 Titles , } p---- ~: ::-_---:= :~~~~ -- t Possible Origins for the Red-Sed Cu Deposits ~. :.,: ~~.~: :~~.;.! ~;" :·~~d.:': ..... : ::. .; :;~~~in:~:· .. $·~~;:··· 2- :P7x7.~·:XSTI·~;~ ~r~''r''''[ i.-,,·yt'.E' Non Bacterial (T>80OC) ·····::·:~:::;_.~:.::-~:.'~t/.:\:.. Page 25 Page 26 Page 27 Page 28 Page 29 Page 30 REV016C014_p531-572.pdf Page 31 Titles Appendix: TERMINOLOGY and STANDARDS James R. O'Neil (3) (4) (A2)"(Bdb (Az/ A1)a K= = ----;- K = (Qz/QdA' Page 32 Titles (6) (8) aA_B = RB (7) a = K1/n (9) (10) Page 33 Tables Table 1 Page 34 Page 35 Page 36 Page 37 Tables Table 1 Page 38 Titles r-SMOW-C02 * I I T + T I n, A2 r-PDB Page 39 Page 40