Lense Design
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APP-E.pdf......Page 0 Foreword......Page 13 Series Editor’s foreword......Page 15 Preface......Page 19 Acknowledgements......Page 22 Donald C Dilworth......Page 23 Chapter 1 Preliminaries......Page 24 1.1.1 The lens design landscape......Page 26 1.1.3 Global optimization......Page 28 1.1.4 Chaos in lens design......Page 29 1.2 How to use this book......Page 30 2.1 Paraxial optics......Page 31 2.2 Lagrange invariant, thin-lens equation......Page 36 2.3 Pupils......Page 37 Chapter 3 Aberrations......Page 40 3.1 Ray-fan curves......Page 41 3.2 Abbe sine condition......Page 47 3.3 Higher-order aberrations......Page 49 3.4 Spot diagrams......Page 51 3.5 Wavefronts and aberrations: the OPD......Page 53 3.5.1 Image analysis......Page 55 3.6 Chromatic aberration......Page 61 3.6.1 Cemented doublets......Page 64 3.6.2 Secondary color......Page 65 4.1 Using the software......Page 68 4.1.2 Ray aiming......Page 70 4.1.3 Paraxial solves......Page 71 4.1.4 The WorkSheet......Page 72 4.2 The process of lens design......Page 73 5.1 Entering data for the singlet......Page 79 Chapter 6 Achromatizing the lens......Page 83 Chapter 7 PSD optimization......Page 90 8.1 The Newtonian telescope......Page 95 8.2 The Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope......Page 101 8.3 The relay telescope......Page 109 8.4 How good is good enough?......Page 111 Chapter 9 Improving a lens designed using a different lens design program......Page 113 Chapter 10 Third-order aberrations......Page 119 10.1 Tolerance desensitization......Page 122 Chapter 11 The in and out of vignetting......Page 127 Chapter 12 The apochromat......Page 137 Chapter 13 Tolerancing the apochromatic objective......Page 145 13.1 Fabrication adjustment......Page 151 13.2 Transferring tolerances to element drawings......Page 156 14.1 Design approach......Page 157 Chapter 15 A laser beam shaper, all spherical......Page 165 Chapter 16 A laser beam shaper, with aspherics......Page 178 Chapter 17 A laser beam expander with kinoform lenses......Page 186 Chapter 18 A more challenging optimization challenge......Page 192 18.1 Glass absorption......Page 196 Chapter 19 Real-world development of a lens......Page 199 Chapter 20 A practical camera lens......Page 209 20.1 Reusing dialog commands......Page 222 Chapter 21 An automatic real-world lens......Page 223 Chapter 22 What is a good pupil?......Page 228 22.1 Which way is up?......Page 233 Chapter 23 Using DOEs in modern lens design......Page 237 Chapter 24 Designing aspheres for manufacturing......Page 248 24.1 Adding unusual requirements to the merit function with CLINK......Page 251 24.2 Defining an aberration with COMPOSITE......Page 255 Chapter 25 Designing an athermal lens......Page 257 Chapter 26 Using the SYNOPSYS glass model......Page 262 Chapter 27 Chaos in lens optimization......Page 269 Chapter 28 Tolerance example with clocking of element wedge errors and AI analysis of an image error......Page 275 Chapter 29 Tips and tricks of a power user......Page 284 Chapter 30 FLIR design, the narcissus effect......Page 292 30.1 Narcissus correction......Page 295 Chapter 31 Understanding artificial intelligence......Page 303 31.2 MACro loops......Page 307 Chapter 32 The Annotation Editor......Page 314 33.1 Gaussian beams in SYNOPSYS......Page 323 33.2 Complications......Page 325 33.4 Effect on image......Page 327 Chapter 34 The superachromat......Page 329 Chapter 35 Wide-band superachromat microscope objective......Page 341 35.1 Vector diffraction, polarization......Page 349 Chapter 36 Ghost hunting......Page 357 Chapter 37 Importing a Zemax11Zemax™ is a trademark of Focus Software. file into SYNOPSYS......Page 367 Chapter 38 Improving a Petzval lens......Page 376 Chapter 39 Athermalizing an infrared lens......Page 384 Chapter 40 Edges......Page 390 40.1 A mirror example......Page 394 Chapter 41 A 90 degree eyepiece with field stop correction......Page 402 Chapter 42 A zoom lens from scratch......Page 413 Chapter 43 Designing a free-form mirror system......Page 431 Chapter 44 An aspheric camera lens from scratch......Page 444 44.1 Encore......Page 449 44.2 Coda......Page 454 44.3 Tolerancing the aspheric lenses......Page 457 Chapter 45 Designing a very wide-angle lens......Page 460 Chapter 46 A complex interferometer......Page 468 Chapter 47 A four-element astronomical telescope......Page 475 Chapter 48 A sophisticated merit function......Page 479 49.1 The ‘final exam’ problem......Page 484 49.2 The solution......Page 486 50.1 Testplate matching......Page 497 50.2 Automatic thin-film design......Page 498 50.3 Automatic clocking of wedge errors......Page 501 Chapter......Page 506 B.1 Mathematical methods of lens optimization......Page 508 B.2 The DLS method and descendants......Page 509 B.3 The PSD methods......Page 510 B.4 Global search algorithms......Page 512 B.5 Why are DSEARCH and ZSEARCH so powerful?......Page 514 B.6 Adding and deleting lens elements automatically......Page 515 B.7 What about traditional methods?......Page 516 Chapter......Page 517 Chapter......Page 520 Chapter......Page 524
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