The Roots of Radicalism: Tradition, the Public Sphere, and Early Nineteenth-Century Social Movements

Description

The story of the rise of radicalism in the early nineteenth century has often been simplified into a fable about progressive social change. The diverse social movements of the era—religious, political, regional, national, antislavery, and protemperance—are presented as mere strands in a unified tapestry of labor and democratic mobilization. Taking aim at this flawed view of radicalism as simply the extreme end of a single dimension of progress, Craig Calhoun emphasizes the coexistence of different kinds of radicalism, their tensions, and their implications. The Roots of Radicalism reveals the importance of radicalism’s links to preindustrial culture and attachments to place and local communities, as well the ways in which journalists who had been pushed out of “respectable” politics connected to artisans and other workers. Calhoun shows how much public recognition mattered to radical movements and how religious, cultural, and directly political—as well as economic—concerns motivated people to join up. Reflecting two decades of research into social movement theory and the history of protest, The Roots of Radicalism offers compelling insights into the past that can tell us much about the present, from American right-wing populism to democratic upheavals in North Africa. PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Resituating Radicalism RATIONALIST RADICALISM COMMUNITARIAN TRADITIONALISM THE DIVERSITY OF RADICALISMS Social Movements and the Idea of Progress THE SOCIAL QUESTION AND THE SOCIAL MOVEMENT OVERESTIMATING THE CENTRALITY AND UNITY OF LABOR AN IDEOLOGICAL SPECTRUM PROGRESS The Radicalism of Tradition: Community Strength or Venerable Disguise and Borrowed Language? MARX REACTIONARY RADICALS TRADITIONAL COMMUNITIES THE SOCIAL FOUNDATIONS OF RADICAL COLLECTIVE ACTION THE NONRADICAL WORKING CLASS CONCLUSION The Public Sphere in the Field of Power THE PUBLIC SPHERE AND OSTENSIBLY NEUTRAL REASON THE "CLASSICAL" PUBLIC SPHERE AND ITS LIMITS THE LIMITS TO ELITE RADICALISM PUBLIC AND COUNTERPUBLIC IN THE FIELD(S) OF RADICAL POLITICS CONCLUSION The Reluctant Counterpublic INVENTING THE BOURGEOIS PUBLIC SPHERE BY EXPULSION T. J. WOOLER AND POLITICAL POIESIS THE "BOURGEOIS" PUBLIC SPHERE CONCLUSION Class, Place, and Industrial Revolution CLASS AND THE TRANSCENDENCE OF LOCALITY CAPITALISM AND LARGE-SCALE SOCIAL INTEGRATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND CLASS FORMATION THE LIMITS OF CLASS STRUGGLE Industrialization and Social Radicalism: British and French Workers' Movements and the Mid-Nineteenth-Century Crises ECONOMIC CHANGE IN FRANCE AND BRITAIN RADICALISM AND INDUSTRIALIZATION BRITAIN: FROM RADICAL POLITICS TO ECONOMIC REFORM FRANCE: THE STRUGGLE FOR A SOCIAL REPUBLIC, 1848-51 THE FRUITS OF STRUGGLE Classical Social Theory and the French Revolution of 1848 THE CLASSIC THEORISTS WHAT CLASSICAL THEORY MISSED LESSONS A MISSED LESSON CONCLUSION New Social Movements of the Early Nineteenth Century POLITICS OF IDENTITY THE NEWNESS OF "NEW" SOCIAL MOVEMENTS THE END OF "OLD" SOCIAL MOVEMENTS? NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS OF THE EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY WHY DID NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS HAVE TO BE REDISCOVERED? CONCLUSION: MODERNITY AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS Progress for Whom? TRADITIONS, TRADITIONALISM, AND RESISTANCE INSTRUMENTAL RATIONALITY AND THE LIMITS OF SELF-AWARENESS THE STRUGGLE TO ORGANIZE NOTES ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE CHAPTER TWO CHAPTER THREE CHAPTER FOUR CHAPTER FIVE CHAPTER SIX CHAPTER SEVEN CHAPTER EIGHT CHAPTER NINE CHAPTER TEN BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX