Applications of Mathematics of Uncertainty: Grand Challenges―Human Trafficking―Coronavirus―Biodiversity and Extinction

Description

This book provides an examination of major problems facing the world using mathematics of uncertainty. These problems include climate change, coronavirus pandemic, human tracking, biodiversity, and other grand challenges. Mathematics of uncertainty is used in a modern more general sense than traditional mathematics. Since accurate data is impossible to obtain concerning human tracking and other global problems, mathematics of uncertainty is an ideal discipline to study these problems. The authors place several scientific studies into different mathematical settings such as nonstandard analysis and soft logic. Fuzzy differentiation is used to model the spread of diseases such as the coronavirus. The book uses fuzzy graph theory to examine the problems of human tracking and illegal immigration. The book is an excellent reference source for advanced under-graduate and graduate students in mathematics and the social sciences as well as for researchers and teachers. Preface Contents About the Authors 1 Preliminaries 1.1 Fuzzy Sets 1.2 Evidence Theory 1.3 Guiasu, AHP, Yen, and Dempster Methods 1.4 Sustainable Development Goals 1.5 Fuzzy Similarity Measures 1.6 Fuzzy Graphs and Fuzzy Incidence Graphs 1.7 Abstract Algebra 1.8 Abduction References 2 Coronavirus 2.1 SIR Model 2.2 SEIR Model 2.3 Social Distancing 2.4 SIR and SEIR Merged References 3 Differentiation of Fuzzy Functions 3.1 Fuzzy Integration 3.2 Fuzzy Numbers 3.3 Differentiation 3.4 Fuzzy SIR Model References 4 Soft Numbers 4.1 Soft Logic 4.2 Soft Fuzzy Numbers 4.3 Soft Algebraic Structures 4.4 Calculus 4.5 Soft Functions 4.6 Soft Fuzzy Derivative 4.7 Fuzzy Cognitive Maps References 5 Nonstandard Fuzzy Sets 5.1 Nonstandard Analysis 5.2 Nonstandard Fuzzy Numbers and Nonstandard Fuzzy Functions 5.3 Nonstandard Fuzzy Algebra 5.4 Nonstandard Fuzzy Subgraphs References 6 Fuzzy Graphs Applied to Human Trafficking 6.1 Connectivity Remainder 6.2 Connectivity Remainder of Vertex Deleted Subgraphs 6.3 Algorithms 6.4 Application to Human Trafficking 6.5 Directed Graphs References 7 More on Fuzzy Graph Connectivity 7.1 Cyclic Connectivity Index 7.2 CCI of Blocks, θ-Fuzzy Graphs and Complete Fuzzy Graphs 7.3 Average Cyclic Connectivity Index (ACCI) of Fuzzy Graphs 7.4 Algorithms Related with CCI 7.5 Connectivity Status 7.6 Connectivity Status Analysis of Vertices in a Fuzzy Graph 7.7 Status Sequence of a Fuzzy Graph 7.8 Algorithms Related with CS References 8 Fuzzy Influence Graph: A Model for Human Trafficking 8.1 Fuzzy Influence Graphs 8.2 FIG Model for Human Trafficking Networks References 9 Grand Challenges 9.1 Gates Grand Challenges 9.2 WCRP Grand Challenges 9.3 The 12 Grand Challenges for Social Work 9.4 Grand Challenges for Engineering 9.5 Space References 10 Psychology Impact of Human Trafficking 10.1 Psychological Tactics Used by Human Traffickers 10.2 Psychological Impact of Human Trafficking 10.3 Support of Victims 10.3.1 Medical Health Needs 10.4 Protection for Survivors 10.5 Psychological Health Consequences References 11 Bribery and Corruption 11.1 Bribery 11.2 Different Types of Bribery Across Business Sectors 11.3 Basel and CPI Indices References 12 Global Starvation and Coronavirus 12.1 Climate Vulnerability and Global Hunger 12.2 Vulnerability Versus Global Food Security 12.3 Global Food Security Versus Global Hunger References 13 Biodiversity and Extinction 13.1 Biodiversity Rankings References 14 KnowYourCountry 14.1 Money Laundering and Human Trafficking 14.2 KnowYourCountry FATF-MER Assessment 14.2.1 Effectiveness 14.2.2 Immediate Outcomes 14.2.3 Technical Compliance 14.3 Tier Placement References Index