Biologically Active Natural Products From Asia and Africa A Selection of Topics

Description

Both Asia and Africa are home to many plants that can be used for the treatment of many diseases and their medicinal properties are gaining interest in western societies. Medicinal plants from Asia and Africa are used for their healing abilities and also have a symbolic meaning in communities. The importance of traditional autochthonous plant remedies plays a crucial role in the health of millions of people of these two continents. Even today, traditional medicine represents the dominant medical system for millions of people showing a significant impact on health care practices. Therefore, traditional operators still represent a vital part of regional healthcare systems. For this reason, pharmaceutical industries consider traditional medicine as a source for the identification of bioactive compounds that can be used in the preparation of synthetic drugs. Biologically Active Natural Products from Asia and Africa: A Selection of Topics guides the reader to information about new natural products from these regions and the different ways to use them to treat or alleviate many of the most common diseases. The volume presents nine topics covering a number of facets of natural product medicine including - pharmaceutical analysis of anti-diabetic herbal medicines from Bangladesh and local retailers - caffeine intake and the risk of female infertility - pharmaceutical analysis of Urena sinuata (bur mallow) - anti-CHIKV activities of diterpenes and their derivatives - anti-inflammatory nanogel for the treatment of psoriasis - antlithiatic properties of Moroccan medicinal plants - ethnobotanic, phytochemical and biological activities of Aristolochia longa L. (pipevine) - wound healing potential of combined extracts of stem bark and leaves of sphenocentrum jollyanum (an African shrub) This is a handy reference for specialists and R&D experts in pharmaceutical chemistry who wish to be informed about current knowledge on developing natural remedies in Asia and Africa Cover Title Copyright End User License Agreement Contents Preface List of Contributors Biological and Physical Contaminants in Anti-Diabetic Herbal Medicines of Bangladesh Rausan Zamir1,*, Nazmul Islam2,5, Sunzid Ahmed3, Md. Ali Asraf1, Nikhil C. Bhoumik4, Omar Faruque5 and Akhter Farooque1 INTRODUCTION METHODS Study Area and Sample Collection Determination of pH Microbiological Analysis Preparation of Culture Media Isolation and Identification of Microorganisms Total Aerobic Bacterial Count and Total Coliform Count Escherichia coli 0157 Escherichia coli Salmonella spp. Listeria spp. Yeasts and Molds Count (YMC) Toxic Metal Analysis RESULTS Microbial Contamination Metal Toxicity DISCUSSION Biological Contamination (Microbes) Physical Contamination (Metal Toxicity) CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Quantification and Health Safety Assessment of Some Toxic Metals in Anti-Diabetic Herbal Preparations Collected from Local Retailers Using the XRF Analytical Tool Rausan Zamir1,*, Nazmul Islam2 ,4, Mahfuza Parveen3, Shipra Sarker4, Rajib Kanti4, M. Safiur Rahman5 and Omar Faruque4 INTRODUCTION METHODS Study Area and Sample Collection Sample Preparation and Analysis RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Caffeine Intake and the Risk of Female Primary Infertility: An Evidence-Based Case Report A. Zaifar1, E.N. Nabila1, L.D. Vincent1, N.M.P Kusuma1, S.S.K. Nareswari2 and M. Louisa2,* CASE INTRODUCTION METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES An Overview of Urena sinuata: Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities Pranta Ray1, Rajib Hossain1, Md. Matiur Rahman2 and Muhammad Torequl Islam1,* INTRODUCTION RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FINDINGS Phytochemicals of U. Sinuata Pharmacological Activities of U. Sinuata Antioxidant Activity Anti-Diarrhoeal Activity Anti-Nociceptive Activity Anti-Inflammatory Activity Anti-Pyretic Activity Insecticidal and Insect-Repellent Activities Thrombolytic Activity Sedative, Anxiolytic, and Analgesic Activities TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE DISCUSSION SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVES CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Anti-CHIKV Activities of Diterpenes and Their Derivatives Muhammad Torequl Islam* INTRODUCTION SEARCH STRATEGY FINDINGS CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Design Development and Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Nanogel For The Treatment of Psoriasis A.A. Yelmate*, P. Gundewar and R.S. Moon INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Collection of Plant Material Extraction of Plant Material FORMULATIONS OF NANOGEL Preparation of Drug-Loaded Nanodispersions Preparation of Nanogel EVALUATION OF DEVELOPED FORMULATION Appearance Determination of pH Determination of Homogeneity Viscosity Particle Size Spreadability Skin Irritancy Test RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Particle Size Determination Zeta Potential Measurements Stability Studies IN-VIVO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY Animals Carrageenan-Induced Mice Paw Oedema Method Statistical Analysis RESULTS AND DISCUSSION DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Antilithiatic Properties of Moroccan Medicinal Plants and Mechanism Insights of their Phytochemicals Aya Khouchlaa*, Abdelhakim Bouyahya and M'hamed Tijane INTRODUCTION METHODS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Ethnobotany of Antilithiasic Medicinal Plants Used in Morocco Experimental Methods to Evaluate The Antilithiatic Activity In vitro Methods In Vivo Methods ANTILITHIATIC MECHANISM OF PHYTOMOLECULES Changing Urine Parameters Diuretic Influence on The Crystallization Process Cell Surface Adhesion Antioxidant Effect CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Ethnobotanic, Phytochemical, and Biological Activities of Aristolochia longa L.: A Review Amina El Yahyaoui El Idrissi, Aya Khouchlaa*, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Mereym El Fessikh, Youssef Bakri and M'hamed Tijane INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION AND BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION Ethnomedicobothany Phytochemistry of A. longa Major Compounds, Including Phenols, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Saponins Fatty Acid Composition PHARMACOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF A. LONGA COMPOUNDS Anti-tumor Activities Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities Antidiabetic Activities Antioxidant Activities Anti-inflammatory Activities Immunostimulatory Activities Toxicity Effect CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Wound Healing Potential of Combined Extracts of Stem Bark and Leaves of Sphenocentrum Jollyanum: A Classical Factorial Design Model Approach Charles O. Nnadi1,*, Chinwe M. Onah1, Chigozie L. Ugwu2 and Wilfred O. Obonga1 INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Collection and Processing of Plant Materials Preparation of The Plant Extracts Phytochemical Analysis of Plant Extracts Experimental Animals and Test Groups Surgical Infliction of Excision Wound Wound Treatment Data Collection and Analysis Statistical Analysis RESULTS Phytochemical Constituents of Plant Extracts Wound Closure Effects of Plant Extracts Effects of Combined Extracts on Wound Healing Activities Wound Surface pH Profile DISCUSSION CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES Subject Index